a) Introduction

Overpopulation is one the huge problem for India. It is the root cause of poverty and poor
health. The increasing of population, especially during the last sixty-five years has been really
alarming. The standard of living has gone miserably low. According to the Indian census, carried
out in 2011, the population of India was exactly 1,210,193,422, which means India has crossed the
1-billion mark. This is the second most populous country of the world after China and the various
studies have projected that India will be world’s number-1 populous country, surpassing China,
by 2025.

It is now estimated that by 2028, India will most likely overtake China to become the most
populous country on the earth with 1.45 billion people. And by 2033, India will cross the 1.5 billion
mark. Population of India will decrease after 2064.

Excessive population leads to working institutions dysfunctionality and makes all plans to
improve a country’s infrastructure, medical assistance facilities and social welfare initiatives
ineffective. This includes the Indian Government which has struggled to enact reforms over the
past 69 years since independence
 b) Problem Statement

India is now the home to 1.2 billion. Furthermore India’s population is expected to grow to 1.8
billion before stabilizing around the middle of this century, if sufficient measures are taken. Today
India is stretched to its limit due to overpopulation. 57 billionaires control 70 percent of India’s
wealth. This economic inequality leads to poverty, lack of free medical assistance, lack of social
security and bad living conditions.

Beside the social well-being, the economic prosperity of a modern nation is dependent on the
rate of its population growth. A balance growth of population is desirable for economic growth
and development. Overpopulation, on the other hand, puts a strain on the available resources,
hinders economic growth, disturbs the food and water supply, and exhausts the available
fuel. Internationally speaking, population pressure ultimately leads to political tensions, envy and
distrust, and sometimes even to war.

In response to this problem, our study purposes to investigate the population in India and what
are the causes of overpopulation. We plan to suggest a method that helps government of India use
ArcGIS for the process of collecting the attribute data of every individual information about size
of their family, salaries, jobs and resources. Also, identifying the area that has lack of healthcare
center. So, as to empower the citizens and bring an inclusive economic growth and prosperity to
the people. By doing this, we hopes it can help by increasing public awareness and enlisting strict
population control norms by the Government will definitely lead the way for the country’s
economic prosperity and control of population.

c) Significant of Study

In this challenging world, finding a solution to solve problems that can bring harm to the
country’s economy is strongly encouraged. Most of the causes of overpopulation can affect the
rate of population of that particular place. Therefore, the study is made for major problems such
as lack of resources, lack of healthcare center at particular places, lack of job opportunities and
inequitable income distribution can be avoided slowly but efficiently.
 The study is important to be implemented because in a long term perspective, as existing if a
population cannot be maintained given the rapid depletion of non-renewable resources or given
the degradation of the capacity of the environment to give support to the population. It means that
if there are too many people in the same habitat, people are limiting available resources to survive.
Therefore, action must be taken to overcome this problem. Result from this study will benefit many
peoples especially locals that living in India because can increase awareness among these people
to control population growth. The strategy that we made are making wish list and investigating
data that meets our criteria. For examples:

a) How many people?

It refers to the size of the population in a territory. While looking at the size, one also looks at
the changes that are taking place in the size. How are these changes being effected by
the trends in birth rate, death rate, and in migration so we can came up with better planning.

b) What kind of people?

It refers to the composition of the population. The composition includes the characteristics of the
population with respect to the age structure, sex differences, literacy rate and levels of literacy,
religious distribution, languages people speak, occupational structure, housing structure, etc. In
addition to the absolute figures showing the characteristics one also looks at the changes that
might be taking place in the composition of the population as well as its future implications.

c) How are people distributed in the area?

Distribution of population refers to the dispersion of people in a territory like the rural
urban distribution, size of cities, densities of population. Analysis of the distribution takes into
account the prospective changes as well as its future effects.

d) Birth rate

It is the rate at which population grows. It is expressed as number of births occurring for every
1000 people per year. It is the most important parameter deciding population growth, as it
indicates how many new children are added every year to existing population. It also gives an
idea how many adolescents are added after 15 years and how many new people will enter
productive age after 15 years to further add to the population. Government can collect the
attribute data of birth rate using ArcGIS at particular place so that can be controlled by family
planning or discouragement of early marriage

e) Death rate

Also called as mortality rate, it is the rate at which people die. It is also expressed as number of
deaths occurring for every 1000 people per year. It gives an idea of reduction in population due
to death. It negatively contributes to growth rate. It also indicates the level of health care
available in country. A stratified information about deaths occurring due to deadly diseases can
further lead to conclusion such as severity of a particular disease. The death rate can also lead to
conclusions about population growth rate of a country. So that, Government can use ArcGIS to
indicates the level of health care available in country.

The study of population is of utmost significance to the users especially for government in
India because they have to look into the educational needs of the population and arrange the
facilities accordingly. What is the size of population, of which how many are of school going
age, what is the their gender, what is the occupational background of their parents, where are
they located - in rural/urban areas, are some of the pertinent questions about which they should
have enough information prior to chalking out an action program. The study of population helps
in providing the relevant information.