‫)) ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺧﺮﭘﺎﯼ ﻗﻮﺳﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪(( Sap2000 14‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺧﺮﭘﺎ‬
‫ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺸﻬﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﺎﮎ‪III :‬‬
‫‬
‫ ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﯼ ﺧﺎﮎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﻘﻒ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﻭ ﮐﻢ ﻭﺯﻥ ‪ ۱۰۰‬ﮐﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‪AISC-ASD89 :‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -۱-۱‬ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺧﺮﭘﺎ‬

‫‪١‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﺧﺮﭘﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﯼ )‪ (3D‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯﯼ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﯼ ‪ X-Z‬ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬
 ‫ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺁﮐﺲﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪Define-Coordinate System/Grids-Global-Modify/Show System‬‬
‫ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ‪.Edit Grid Data‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺧﺮﭘﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽﮔﻴﺮﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺩﮐﻤﻪ‬

‫‪٣‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ Sap‬ﻭ ‪ Etabs‬ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﮐﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺷﮑﺴﺘﻪ ﮐﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺳﻢ ﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫
‬ ‫‬ ‫‬

‫
‬ ‫‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ ﻋﻀﻮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﮐﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﮔﺮﻩ ‪ M1‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪Edit-Extrude-Extrude Points to Frames/Cables‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﻂ ﮐﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺭﻧﺪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﮐﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﻩ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻧﺮﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺩﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻂ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺳﻢ ﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎﺗﯽ ﮔﺮﻩ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺭﻭﯼ ﮐﻤﺎﻥ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﮔﺮﻩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪ ،Location‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭﯼ ‪ ،X‬ﺩﺑﻞ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ‪X Cordinate‬‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﯼ ﺧﺮﭘﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ‬
‫‪Define-Materials-A992Fy50-Modify/Show Materials‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ‪ St37‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪٥‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺧﺮﭘﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻭﺑﻞ ﻧﺒﺸﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﻴﺮﻳﻢ‬
Define-Section Properties-Frame Sections-Import New Property-Other-General
:‫ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺪﺱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ‬۱۲ ‫ ﺗﺎ‬۶ ‫ﻭﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺩﻭﺑﻞ ﻧﺎﻭﺩﺍﻧﯽ‬
Define-Section Properties-Frame Sections-Add New Property-Steel-Auto Select List
.‫ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻴﻢ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬

Define-Load Patterns

‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬

Define-Load Combination

COMB1: DL
COMB2: DL + SNOW
COMB3: DL + WINDX

٦
‫‪COMB4: DL + SNOW + 0.5 × WINDX‬‬
‫‪COMB5: DL + 0.5 × SNOW + WINDX‬‬
‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﺩ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﯽ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺧﺮﭘﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻭﺯﺵ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪DEFLECTION: DL + SNOW‬‬

‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺗﮑﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪Assign-Joint-Restraint‬‬

‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ‬

‫‪All-Assign-Frame-Frame Section-Truss‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪Assign-Frame-Releases/Partial Fixity‬‬

‫‪٧‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﺧﺮﭘﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﺛﻘﻠﯽ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻻﭘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻟﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﺮﭘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮ ‪ ۲/۵‬ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮔﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻄﯽ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮ ‪ ۵‬ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮔﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺎﺭﯼ‪:‬‬
‫‬
‫‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮔﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﯽ‪:‬‬
‫‬
‫‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪ ۲ ،‬ﮔﺮﻩﯼ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪Assign-Joint Loads-Forces‬‬

‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﺮﭘﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪Assign-Joint Loads-Forces‬‬

‫‪٨‬‬
 ‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺮﻑ ) ( ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ( ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ ﺑﺎﺩ‬

‫"‬ ‫& ‪#$ #%‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺸﻬﺮ ‪ ۴۰/۵‬ﺩﮐﺎﻧﻴﻮﺗﻮﻥ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻤ‬
‫&‬ ‫*)(‬
‫‬

‫ﻣﯽ ﺑﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ . .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ ۷‬ﻣﺘﺮﯼ ﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ) ‪ (#$‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﯽ‬
‫‪#$‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷﮑﺎﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪٩‬‬
‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ ۳-۷-۶-۶‬ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺩﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻡ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻗﻮﺳﯽ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻗﻮﺱ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻗﻮﺱ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﮏ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺿﻠﻌﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺿﻼﻉ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺿﺎﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫‪ ۱-۷-۶-۶‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺿﻠﻌﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻴﻢ ﻗﻮﺱ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺧﻄﯽ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻗﻮﺱ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪,-./0 1 2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪#%‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻭﺟﻪ‬
‫)ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻗﻮﺱ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮔﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺎﺭﯼ‪:‬‬

‫‪6789‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮔﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﯽ‪:‬‬
‫‪6789‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﺮﭘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ )ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﮐﺸﺸﯽ(‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺮﭘﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﯼ ‪ X , Y‬ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﯼ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮔﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺎﺭﯼ‪:‬‬

‫; ‪6789‬‬ ‫?‬

‫@ ‪6789‬‬ ‫?‬

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 ‫ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﯼ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮔﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﯽ‪:‬‬
‫; ‪6789‬‬ ‫?‬

‫@ ‪6789‬‬ ‫?‬

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 ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺧﺮﭘﺎ‬

‫‪Analyze-Set Analysis Options‬‬

‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺩﮐﻤﻪ ‪ Run‬ﮐﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ‪ Run Now‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻔﺸﺎﺭﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺧﻴﺰ ﺧﺮﭘﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﻑ‬

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‫‪Display-Show Deformed Shape-SNOW-OK‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻂ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﺮﭘﺎ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ U3‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪U3 = -0.0021 m = -0.21 cm = -2.1 mm‬‬
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‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻁ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺧﻴﺰ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ )ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﺮﻑ( ﺍﺯ ‪ CDE‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‪HI‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﻑ ‪ +‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫‪Display-Show Deformed Shape-SNOW-OK‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻂ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﺮﭘﺎ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ U3‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪U3 = -0.0038 m = -0.38 cm = -3.8 mm‬‬
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‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻁ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺧﻴﺰ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ )ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﺮﻑ( ‪ +‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ JE‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﻴﺰ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‪HI‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺧﺮﭘﺎ‬
‫ﮔﺎﻡ ‪ -۱‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬
‫‪Design-Steel Frame Design-View/Revise Preferences‬‬

‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ AISC-ASD89‬ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻟﺮﺯﻩ ﺍﯼ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﭘﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﺍﯼ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ‪ Yes‬ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪ Consider Deflection‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﯽﮔﻮﻳﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽﻫﺎ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺧﻴﺰ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺵ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﯼ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺧﺮﭘﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﯼ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ‪ Braced Frame‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﺎﻡ ‪ -۲‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﻘﯽ ﺧﺮﭘﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﻘﯽ ﺧﺮﭘﺎ )ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺧﺮﭘﺎ( ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ )ﻳﮏ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮﯼ ‪ ۱۲‬ﻣﺘﺮﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﻭ‪:‬‬

‫‪١٣‬‬
‫‪Design-Steel Frame Design-View/Revise Overwrites‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ‪Sap‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻨﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ‪ ۰/۰۸۳‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﻘﯽ‪ ،‬ﻳﮏ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﻤﺎﻥ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﮑﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﺎﻡ ‪ -۳‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬

‫‪Design-Steel Frame Design-Select Design Combos‬‬

‫ﮔﺎﻡ ‪ -۴‬ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺧﺮﭘﺎ‬

‫‪Design-Steel Frame Design- Start Design/Check of Check of Structure‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﮑﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ Sap‬ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼﻑ ‪ Etabs‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻳﻨﮑﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺧﻮﮐﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩﻳﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﻤﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﯽ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪Verify Analysis Vs Design Section‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍﹰ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﮑﺮﺍﺭ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

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‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﯼ ‪ Etabs‬ﻭ ‪ Sap‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎﺩﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﺭﺍ )ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺩﻭﺑﻞ ﻧﺎﻭﺩﺍﻧﯽ ﻭ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ( ‪ General‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﮐﻨﻴﻢ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻨﺎﺳﺪ ﻓﻠﺬﺍ ﭘﻴﻐﺎﻡ ﻏﻴﺮﻓﺸﺮﺩﮔﯽ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ )ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ‪ Details‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﻐﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ(‪ .‬ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ UBC‬ﻣﯽﮔﻮﻳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻭﻝ )ﺿﻌﻴﻒﺗﺮ( ﺭﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎﺩﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎﺩﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﯼ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ AISC-ASD89‬ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﺍﯼ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ UBC97-ASD‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﺬﺍ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﯼ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎﺩﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺩﻭﺑﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

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