Instructor's Manual to Accompany FOURTH EDITION Fundamentals O Fluid Mechanics BRUCE R. MUNSON DONALD F. YOUNG Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics THEODORE H. OKIISHI Department of Mechanical Engineering Towa State University ‘Ames, lowa, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto SingaporeINTRODUCTION....... COMPUTER PROBLEMS TABLE OF CONTENTS Standard Programs—File Names and Use wn: SOLUTIONS Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Appendix A. Introduction. Fluid Statics... ; Elementary Fluid Dynamies—Bemnoulli Equation Fluid Kinematics 0 Finite Control Volume Analysis... Differential Analysis of Fluid Flow Similitude, Dimensional Analysis, and Modeling Viscous Pipe FIOW 1. Flow Over Immersed Bodies ... Open-Channel Flow. Compressible Flow... ‘Turbomachines.... Listing of Standard Programs. Gl a AlINTRODUCTION This manual contains solutions to the problems presented at the end of the chapters in the Fourth Edition of FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID MECHANICS. It is our intention that the material in this manual be used as an aid in the teaching of the course. We feel quite strongly that problem solving is an essential ingredient in the process of understanding the variety of interesting concepts involved in fluid mechanics. This solutions manual is structured to enhance the leaning process. Approximately 1220 problems are solved in a complete, detailed fashion with (in most cases) one problem per page. The problem statements and figures are included with the problem solutions to provide an easier and clearer understanding of the solution procedure. Except where a greater accuracy is warranted, all intermediate calculations and answers are given to three significant figures. Unless otherwise indicated in the problem statement, values of fluid properties used in the solutions are those given in the tables on the inside of the front cover of the text. Other fluid properties and necessary conversion factors are found in the tables of Chapter 1 or in the appendices. Some of the problems [those designed with an (*)] are intended to be solved with the aid of a programmable calculator or a computer. The solutions for each of these problems are presented in essentially the same format as for the non-computer problems. Where appropriate a graph of the results is also included. Further details concerning the computer and their sotutions can be found in the following section entitled Computer Problems. In most chapters there are several problems [those designated with a (+)} that are “open- ended” problems and require critical thinking in that to work them one must make various assumptions and provide necessary data. There is not a unique answer to these problems. Since there are various ways that one may approach many of these problems and since specific values of data need to be assumed, looked up, or approximated, we have not included solutions to these problems in the manual. Providing solutions, we feel, would be counter to the rational for having these problems—we want students to realize that in the real world problems are not necessarily uniquely formulated to a have a specific answer. One of the new features of the Fourth Edition of FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID MECHANICS is the inclusion of new problems which refer to the fluid video segments contained in the E-book CD. These problems are clearly identified in the problem statement. Although it is not necessary to use the CD to solve these “video- related” problems, it is hoped that the use of the CD will help students relate the analysis and solution of the problem to actual fluid mechanics phenomena.Another new feature of the Fourth Edition is the inclusion of laboratory-related problems. In most chapters the last few problems are based on actual data from simple laboratory experiments. These problems are clearly identified by the “click here” words in the problem statement. This allows the user of the E-book CD to link to the complete problem statement and the EXCEL data for the problem. Copies of the problem statement, the original data, the EXCEL spread sheet calculations, and the resulting graphs are given in this solution manual. Considerable effort has been put forth to develop appropriate problems and to present their solutions in a manner that we feel is helpful to both instructors and students. Any comments or suggestions as to how we can improve this material are most welcome. COMPUTER PROBLEMS As noted, problems designated with an (*) in the text are intended to be solved with the aid of a programmable calculator or computer. ‘These problems typically involve solutions requiring repetitive calculations, iterative procedures, curve fitting, numerical integration, etc. Knowledge of advanced numerical techniques is not required. Solutions to all computer problems are included in the solutions manual. Although programs for many of these problems are written in the BASIC programming language, there are obviously several other math-solver or spreadsheet programs that can be used. ‘A number of the solutions require the use of the same program, such as a program for curve fitting, or a numerical integration program, and these “standard” programs are included. For those requiring use of one of the standard programs, there is a statement in the problem solution which simply indicates the standard program used to solve the problem. A list of these standard programs, with their file names, follow. The actual programs are given in the appendix. Most of the standard programs are, of course, readily available in other math-solver or spreadsheet programs, and the student can simply use the programs with which they are most familiar. Standard Programs—File Names and Use Curve Fitting EXPFITBAS Determines the least squares fit for a function of the form maeb yeae LINREGI.BAS Determines the least squares fit for a function of the form yabx LINREG2.BAS Determines the least squares fit for a function of the form yeatbx POLREG.BAS Determines the least squares fit for a function of the form yadgtd xtd,x24d y+ POWERI.BAS —_Determines the least squares fit for a function of the form ysax‘SIMPSON.BAS TRAPEZOLBAS COLEBROO.BAS CUBIC.BAS FAN_RAY.BAS ISENTROPBAS. SHOCK.BAS Numerical Integration Calculates the value of a definite integral over an odd num- ber of equally spaced points using Simpson's rule Calculates the value of a definite integral using the ‘Trapezoidal Rule Miscellaneous Determines the friction factor for laminar or turbulent pipe flow with the Reynolds number and relative roughness, specified (for turbulent flow the Colebrook formula, Eq, 8.35, is used) Determines the real roots of a cubic equation Calculates Fanno or Rayleigh flow parameters for an ideal gas with constant specific heat ratio (>/) for entered Mach number Calculates one-dimensional isentropic flow parameters for an ideal gas with constant specific heat ration (k>/) for entered Mach number Calculates normal-shock flow parameters for an ideal gas with constant specific heat ratio (k>/) for entered upstream ‘Mach number (Ma,)“AL 1.1 Determine the dimensions, in both the FLT system and the MLT system, for (a) the product of mass times velocity, (b) the product of force times volume, and (c) kinetic energy divided by area. (a) mass x velocity = (M)CT) = Met! Sine Fo ms7? mass x velecity = CFL'T VT) = fr (4) force x volume = FL? (eT?) = Metre (c) kmetic energy = fle ct area Le =—=42 [42] 1.2 Verify the dimensions, in both the FLT and MLT systems, of the following quantities which appear in Table 1.1: (a) angular velocity, (b) en- ergy, (c) moment of inertia (area), (d) power, and (e) pressure. (4) angular velocity = anguler dypleerert 5 me (5) energy ~ capacity of body to do work Since work = torcex distante, Cnergy = FL or with opt? energy = (MLT*)(L) 3 ML* (¢) moment of inerha(area) = second moment of arca = (1*)(L) 4 L* (a) power = rate of doing work = FL FLT! 7 7 6h. 2 Gar Mir) 2 oer force» Fos py? area LO = (mit )(L7) = 4 (€) pressure =43 1.3. Verify the dimensions, in both the FLT system and the MLT system, of the following quantities which appear in Table 1.1: (a) acceleration, (b) stress, (€) moment of a force, (4) vol- ume, and (e) work, lan . velocity 2 Lo ppt ) acceleration = pa = LT (L) stress = force 1 E Aree Since FS MLT, . stress = ar = ALT * ce) mmement of a force = force x distance = FL slqir dl + Aer? 3 (a) volume = Cengts) 72 (e) work = force x ditine = Fl SULT YL = ML?[4Z¥ Jo 1.4 tepise force and x a length, what are the dimensions (in the FLT system) of (a) dP/ dx, (b) d'P/dx', and (c) §P dx? dP 2. F = a, 2s (a) i z FL ) 2 sf = pp3 dex? L3 =— © [ous eb LS 1S If p is a pressure, V a velocity, and p a fluid density, what are the dimensions (in the MLT system) of (a) p/p, (b) Vp, and (c) p/pV*? p.m pepe (@F 2p F veer tb) pyp= Gar) (ut!) (93) = mel Ts Pp. n't ots PV? (me) (LT & MPLET? (dimensinless)6 1.6 If Visavelocity, Ca length, and va fluid property having dimensions of L?7~', which of the following combinations are dimensionless: (a) Vl, (b) Velv, (e) V2», (A) Vibe? cay Vev = (LTV yaer) = LIT * (not dimensionless) ws) VE 2 (LT NL) 2 pore Vv (itr) te) Vv = fer) 12277) = LIT? (not dimensionless) (dimension less) @) yo = oer) = > (not dimensionless) LT 1.7 Dimensionless combinations of quan- tities (commonly called dimensionless parame~ ters) play an important role in fluid mechanics. Make up five possible dimensionless parameters by using combinations of some of the quantities listed in Table 1.1. Some possible examples: acceleration x time , (L777) = = L°T? velocity (LT) £ UL Frequency x time (TT) = T° (velocity) . » (er* length « acceleration (L)(LT™ forcextime . (FAT) , LET) rmementum (M LT) lereyr) density x velocity « length , (me *MLT NL), dynamic viscosity ML Tt 2PpL7? = M‘LT*1.8 The force, P, that is exerted on a spher- ical particle moving slowly through a liquid is given by the equation P = 3nuDV where jis a fluid property (viscosity) having di- mensions of FL“*T, D is the particle diameter, and V is the particle velocity. What are the di- mensions of the constant, 3x? Would you classify this equation as a general homogeneous equa- tion? P= 3muDV fF) Bole [FJ= (an) 0rd “ 37 4s and the eguaton: is a general homogeneous eguation. Yes.LF /0 1.10 The pressure difference, Ap, across a partial blockage in an artery (called a stenosis) is approximated by the equation wv ‘Ay 2 Determine the dimensions of the constants we kt (2-1 pv? where V is the blood velocity, 1 the blood vis- According to information found in an old hydraulics book, the energy loss per unit weight of fluid flowing through a nozzle connected to a hose can be estimated by the formula hh = (0.04 t0 0.09)(D/a)'V?/2g where /is the energy loss per unit weight, D the hose diameter, d the nozzle tip diameter, V the fluid velocity in the hose, and g the acceleration of gravity. Do you think this equation is valid in any system of units? Explain. 4 = (0,04 & 0.09) aye FL]. BTL? Fy [E£]= [oor 4 0.09] CAE} E | z [1 ]= [0.0% » o0gf LL] Since each term tn The eguation must have the Same dimensions, the Constant term (0.04 40,04) must be dirnensienless, Thus, The egaation i & general homogeneous epuatiwn that is Valid fn any system of units. Yes. ‘cosity (FL-*T), p the blood density (ML~"), D the artery diameter, Ay the area of the unob- structed artery, and A, the area of the stenosis. and K,,. Would this equation be valid in any sys- tem of units? a ee [rei] = [«,] [SVE] oe) -) EI) fe’) = fk] [ec] + (ke) (Fe*] Since each term must have the same dimensions, K, and K, are dimensionless. Thus, the equation is a general homogeneous e4uation that would be valicl ta ang Consistent system of units. Yes. I-71.11 Assume that dhe speed of sound c in id depends on an elastic modulus, E,, with dimensions FL, and the fluid density, p. in the form ¢ = (E,)"(p)". If this is 0 be a dimen- sionally homogeneous equation, what are the values for @ and 1? Is your result consistent with the standard formula for the speed of sound? (See Eq. 1.19.) = ean Since CLT SFLe psPl ty? [ele [4 eo] OE 5] w For a elimensionally homogeneous eguakion each term in The eguation must have the same dimensions. Thus, the right hand side of £3.(1) must have The dimensicas of LT! There fore, arbh=o (to eliminate F) 2bh=-1 Cte satisty condition onT) Lat¢b=-1l Ch atsty cnditon on L) Lt fellows Tet az4 ana b:-4t So That This result is consistent with The standard Aorinuln tr the Speed of sound, Yes. I?(AZ 112 A formula for estimating the volume rate of flow, Q, cover the spillway of a dam is Q= CV2gB(H + V2/2e) where C is a constant, g the acceleration of gravity, B the spillway width, H the depth of water passing over the spillway, and V the velocity of water just upstream of the dam. Would this equation be valid in any system of units? Explain. 3, @= Cia 8 CH4 HR) ferye elbegter 03 (+l ED) (er) fe] ve) [e417] (Cod 1)" (or7)=[en)fer-) Since each term sn the eguation must have the same dimensions The Constant CVZ must be dimension less. Thus, The eguation ss a general homogeneous eguation thet would be valid in any Consistent set of units. Yes. AS, al xae. 1.14 Make use of Table 1.3 to express the following quantities in SI units: (a) 10.2 in./min, (b) 4.81 slugs, (c) 3.02 Ib, (d) 73.1 ft/s*, (e) 0.0234 Ib-s/ fe? @) 10.218, » (10.2 %,) (ewe i) ( Le) =< -3 4m amr = 4a2x/o° Sos 432 em (6) 481 slgs= (#81 sags ) (4459410 4)= 70,2 bg (t) 3.02 b= (R02 )( ame &)= saeW 1 ee A) 731 = (12/4) (oxen fi )= 223 & zp (TTS lbs [bes M3 €) 0.0234 = (0.0034 22) (4 19900 Fe ) tt ( sa ) ( hs Nv ar = s = 1/2 esLIE 1.15 Make use of Table 1.4 to express the following quantities in BG units: (a) 14.2 km, (b) 8.14 N/m’, (c) 1.61 kg/m®, (€) 0.0320 N-m/s, (e) 5.67 mm/hr. (a) 142 bm = (ax?) (3201 )= 466 x10! Ht ib (a) am Ay = (8.14%) (6 306210? FB) = 5194107 4, mM Im 3 a ; ce) Le) 44, = (61 2, ) (94010? FB 3.12 x10" shess tz Fe Re. ot Mm ; <1 fb cd) 0.0320 2" = (0,0320 “") (1 31x10 #4 ) eam - 3 = 2abxie? FEB == ce) ona a thr 5.67 (.47.x10? 7 320 t) (Le -6 = 5/7 x10 ufL1G 1.1G Make use of Appendix A to express the following quantities in SI units: (a) 160 acre, (b) 742 Btu, (c) 240 miles, (d) 79.1 hp, (e) 60.3 °F. : (a) eo acre = (100 acre) (¢3st.c10" & ) (Gate eae) = 6472/08 m?* (4) 742.870 = (7¥2 87U) (nose20* SZ) 783 x 10° J CC) 240 me = (240 me) (609.210 2.) 286 410° om ) 72 bp = (Al hp) (r9s7 x10? L)= S400" W hp () T= F (ea3-32) = 15.7 C k " (5.7 °C +273, = 289K 4 J-{21.17 Clouds can weigh thousands of pounds due to their liquid water content. Often this content is measured in grams per cubic meter (g/m?). Assume that a cumulus cloud occupies 1 volume of one cubic kilometer, and its liquid water content is 0.2 g/m’. (a) What is the volume of this cloud in cubic ‘miles? (b) How much does the water in the cloud weigh in pounds? (a) Volume = Cem) = 10" m? Since (m= 3.281 £4 3 Aelune . Qe'n) (2.201%) 5. 230«03 ) 3 = 0.240 rm? (4) DW = ¥x Volume x= pg = (0.2 5)? $t) (931% )= 96110 as By = (1.462 x07 X, )(J0%m?) = [962 x10" N = (1,962 xn )(2.248 110% ) = 441 x |b 1-13£18 | 4.48 For Table 1.3 verify the conversion re- lationships for: (a) area, (b) density, (c) velocity, and (d) specific weight. Use the basic conversion relationships: 1 ft = 0.3048 m; 1 Ib = 4.4482 N; and 1 slug = 14.594 kg (a) / fet (140)ffasore)‘a04]- 0.09290 m* ft Thus, rultiply #4% by 9.240 E-2 +o convert tom”. i) ug 2 (/ seg As Tt fe 1 48 + (1 8) (5% 53) la sordFon Ra = S/S.4 Fas Thus, multiply slug ft? by S1S¥ E+2 to convert to g/m} ey y He (] £4) (03047 @)= O3049 & Thus, multiply ft/s by 3.048 E-| + convert to m/s. @) 1 fe (i Z a ) (eons # (ae 3] = 17% Thus, multiply Ib/f? by [S21 Et2 to convert to V/s ilt[47 Tha For Table 1.4 verify the conversion re- lationships for: (a) acceleration, (b) density, (e) pressure, and (4) volume flowrate. Use the basic conversion relationships: 1 m = 3.2808 ft 1N = 0.22481 Ib; and 1 kg = 0.068521 slug. (a) (3: (1% )(3.280 ee) 3.29) Thus, rrultiply m/s? by 3.281 #0 convert to #t/s2, & Aa. : asa) slugs) [ Lem? | 2 Shee (1 Vostsses 2) eter = |. 940 x10 Stags Thus, multiply Ry/m? by 1.440 E-3 to convert to slugs/fe3, ce | Me (| B,) (oaryar F aera (3.2808) Ft* 2.089 x10 * Thus, mulkiply N/m? 2.084 E-2 to convert to Ib / Fe. (a) | a () 2 2) [Ge as08y. “eh 35.3! a? Thas, multiply ams by 3531 E+! to convert to 4%. IB120 1.20 Water flows from a large drainage pipe at a rate of 1200 gal/min. What is this volume rate of flow in (a) m*/s, (b) liters/min, and (c) ft/s? (a) 3 flowrate = (128° gel ) (6,309.09 “F ) “0 Gal = 757 x10" wee (6) Since | iter = 10? 03, flowrate = (757 x10? an?) (107 trees) be: ) _ liters = ¥54o me 7A, old (2) flowrate = (757x102) (3 s31 x10) 3 | = 2.67 Pe ol I-lb7 1.21 A tank of oil has a mass of 30 slugs. (a) Determine its weight in pounds and in new- tons at the earth’s surface. (b) What would be its mass (in slugs) and its weight (in pounds) if lo- cated on the moon’s surface where the gravita- tional attraction is approximately one-sixth that at the earth’s surface? ca) weight = mass x J =(30 slugs ) (3228 = (ao slugs) (54 AE ) (9.81 %)= (6) mass = 30 slugs (rmass dots not depend on gravitational attraction ) | weights (30 slugs ) (22 %) = Jel lb LAZ 1.22 _ A certain object weighs 300 N at the earth's surface Determine the mass of the object (in kilograms) and its weight (in newtons) when located on a planet with an acceleration of gravity equal to 4.0 fi/s. weight é B00 N_ _ 306 kg fel — for 4+ #0 ft/s? (30.6 4g ) (40 £) (0.3048 ) 373 N mass n weight a /-1723 1.23 An important dimensionless parameter the Froude number using SI units for V, g, and in certain types of fluid flow problems is the Froude _¢. Explain the significance of the results of these number defined as V/Vgl, where Vis a velocity, _ calculations. & the acceleration of gravity, and (a length. De- termine the value of the Froude number for V = 10 ft/s, g = 32.2 ft/s’, and (= 2 ft. Recalculate Ln 86 anits , ft 105 YY. = We \VGnQeH In SI units: V= lio £ \ (e307 H)s 3.05 F Ft g= 231 Q= (244) (0.3048 @)= ObIOm Thus, 3 OS vs. 2 Var 1 )0.c10m) The value of a dimensionless parameter 1s Independent of The Unit 2gstem. fe Gaul} S = 125 I-/872¥ 1,24 — The specific weight of a certain liquid is 25.3 Ib/ft, Determine its density and specific gravity. lb pris 85 Fee 2.5 Slugs 4 3224 ft? zn a 2, 2a Be ~ @ #4 lugs ‘no? * 14 tes 1.25 A hydrometer is used to measure the specific gravity of liquids. (See Video V2.6.) For a certain liquid a hydrometer reading indicates a specific gravity of 1.15. What is the liquid’s density and specific weight? Express your answer in SI units.126 [2G An open, rigid-walled, cylindrical tank contains 4° of water at 40 °F, Over a 24-hour period of time the water temperature varies from 40 °F to 90 °F. Make use of the data in Appendix B to determine how much the volume of water will change. For a tank diameter of 2 ft, would the corresponding. change in water depth be very noticeable? Explain mass of water = WP where 7% 4 Tne volume and / The density. Since The mass mast remain constant as The temperature changes es Lays . Uhoe = 1,940 shag a) From Table B.1 4, > CMF = 143) bts Pry @ garg = 1 PL EE Therelore, from £4.) slygs 44,= 492M 90 HE) oth #2 eck cee 2 193] 238s Thus, The increase tr volume ss 4 b1gl -#ooo= 20186 ft? The change 1A water depth, AL, vo €guel t ay . 01 6 ~: des LE S424 HL 0.0710in © af This 3mall change 1s depth would met be very hobceable. No. Note: 4 slightly differest value for SL will be obtained 1f specific weignt of eter Is used feTher Than density. This 13 due to the fact that there is some ancertuity In The fourth signiticent tigure of these, wo values, and Phe Solution «sensitive tp Tus uncertainty I-201.2% A liquid when poured into a graduated cylinder is found to weigh 8 N when occupying a volume of 500 ml (milliliters). Determine its spe- cific weight, density, and specific gravity. _ weight aN ao AN volume ~ [asooe) (13am?) ams lume ~ [asea 8) (Fa) 2 - X=: (GAM m8 = 168 x AE p= 4 781 2 7m 3 sa ——— akg 34, 163 x10 I-2)L27 1.29 The information on a can of pop indicates thatthe can contains 355 mL. The mass of a full can of pop is 0.369 ke while an empty can weighs 0.153 N. Determine the specific weight, density, and specific gravity of the pop and compare your results with the corresponding values for water at 20 °C. Express your results in SI units _ Weight of Flucd a) r= volame ef Flacd total weigt = massxg = (3bthg)(981% ) = 2hew weight ef can= O153N Volume of Fluid = G55 x09 L) (02-22 )= 495.x10“m Thus, tron Eg. 1) ye 3242 ~ 2153N _ 9775 4, z ase PSS X10 am wv et ALL W3* gq 48 P= 3° es = 996 > = 796 4 a 4 796 9 94k sg: £ & (no @#¥C tony AE For water at 20°C (see Table B.2 14 Appendix 3) = 77894. p= 4. sg Yi ° 7787-4, e, 96.2 %E » Sq 209982 A companson of These Values hr water with those fr The pop shows Thal The specie Weight, density, aun gpecihé gravity & The pep are al| Slightly Jower Than the corresponding Values tor wader¥ £.32*) 1.30% The variation in the density of water, p, with temperature, 7, in the range 20°C = Ts 60 °C, is given in the following table. Desy (ky?) [9962 | 971 995.7] 994, sp. | 9881 Temperature CO) | 29 bas 30 raalreatys Use these data to determine an empirical equa- tion of the form p = ¢ + ¢T + oT? which can be used to predict the density over the range indicated. Compare the predicted values with the data given. What is the density of water at 42.1 °C? To solve This problem use POLREG. LEBEAU IIE III III IAA III IOI III II TAI I IATA ** This program determines the least squares fit ** ** for any order polynomial of the form: il + y = dO + ditx + d2¥x°2 + d3*x°3 +... a SOB OIA III III I IO III IIA ARI II I A TAI A IA Enter number of terms in the polynomial Enter number of data points: 7 x dat 2 20,998. 2 25,997. 2 30,995. 35,994 40,992. 45,990. 50,988. points (X , Y) The coefficients of the polynomial are: a2 = -4.0983E-03 di = -5.3332E-02 do = +1,0009E+03 x Y Y(predicted) +2.0000E+01 +9.9820E+02 +9,9825E+02 +2.5000E+01 +9.9710E+02 +9.9706E+02 Q000E+01 +9.9570E+02 +9,9566E+02 +3,5000E+01 +9.9410E+02 +9.9407E+02 +4,0000E+01 +9,9220E+02 +9.9226E+02 +4.5000E+01 +9.9020E+02 +9.9026E+02 +5.0000E+01 +9.8810E+02 +9,8805E+02 Thus, (221001 = 0.05333 T = 0.004095 7 Note thet p (predicted) ts 1m good agreement iyjth 2 (given). At T= #2.1°C, a P= 100! 0.08333 (42.1°C) - 0.004085 (42.1%) = 991.5 #2, (-43 JL32 1.32 The density of oxygen contained in a tank is 2.0 kg/m* when the temperature is 25 °C, Determine the gage pressure of the gas if the atmospheric pressure is 97 kPa. P=PRT = (2.0%) (ast8 Fa) [ae 279)4] (ss 42 (abs) P (ge9¢)= By, ~ By, = %(S6AR-T4R = SPAR 1.33 Some experiments are being conducted ina laboratory in which the air temperature is 27 °C, and the atmospheric pressure is 14.3 psia. Determine the density ofthe air. Express ‘your answers in slugs/f and in kg/m? pzPRT Temperature = 27°C = [3 lar)+32"] °F = $0.6 °F 2 _ (43 pe Mie a) RT (7? = 4 "e] - slugs = 0.00222 ae —————— P= (0. 00222 4H) (5.154 x10 ‘oe +) = 14 28 a aN butABH 1.34 A closed tank having a volume of 2 fi? is filled with 0.30 Ib of a gas. A pressure gage attached to the tank reads 12 psi when the gas temperature is 80 °F. There is some question as to whether the gas in the tank is oxygen or helium. Which do you think itis? Explain how you arrived at your answer. _ weight _ 230h Density of Gas in tank p= Eaiciane Ga#y. Ye eS) 3 3 Bp slags Abb x lo oe Since Po ge wrt ps (lan reT) poe Catmosphent pressure assumed to be & I#7 pia) and wi T= (0° + kbo)°R st Allows thee 6 in™ = (20.7 jh.) BT) ne shas (yy BR (S40°R) - « a3 From Table 7 R=LSS#XIO? for oxygen and R= 1242x104 Ft: for helium Slug °R Thus, trom F9.li) £ the gas is oxygen = 7/2 slugs 2 sexy? sluas e 1554103 fF fE3 ana ter Feluim -y 2? 7 = £73 X10 ess Lz¢2.xi0* A Comparisoo of These Values with The actual dens; ty of the 94s ia The tank indicates That The Gas rnust be Ok ygen. 1-25436 1.36 A tire having a volume of 3 ft’ contains air at a gage pressure of 26 psi and a temperature of 70 °F. Determine the density of the air and the weight of the air contained in the tire. & (26 fe nr ®) (ny ie P= RTF Ciba OT) (MB) 4p x/0? slugs (1% # a 1a) [2 #400)" eas weight = pg x volume = (44x stags) (3224) (34°) = 0.622 bb 2b