Chapter 2 Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams 2.0 NOTATION a Compression face to point on surface of conerete where crack width is caleulated a Centre-to-centre distance between bars or groups of bars A Point on surface of concrete to nearest face of a bar Ac Gross area of concrete in a section Ay ‘Area of steel in tension A Area of steel in compression Ay ‘Area of steel in vertical links 6 Width of reinforced concrete section b. Breadth of compression face of beam mid-way between restraints & ‘Width of section at centroid of tensile steel be Average web width © Coefficient of torsional stiffness Cin Minimum cover to tensile reinforcement (e Torsional stiffness a Effective depth of tensile reinforcement a Effective depth of compressive reinforcement ay From tension face of concrete section to centre of tensile reinforcement E Modulus of elasticity of concrete E Modulus of elasticity of steet & Service stress in stee! reinforcement h Characteristic yield strength of steel t Revised compressive stress in steel taking into account depth of neutral Characteristic cube strength of concrete at 28 days Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement used as links Coefficient for calculation of cracked section moment of inertia Tensile foree in a bar at start of a bend Shear modulus Overall depth of a concrete section Thickness of flange in a T-beam ‘Maximum overall dimension of a rectangular conerete beam Minimum overall dimension of a rectangular concrete beam Moment of inertia Clear span or span face-to-face of support a42 Reinforced Concrete zzEeee RAISE A Br. Etfective span Centre-to-centre distance between supports modilar ratio = B/E Applied bending moment Design bending moment modified to account for axial load Moment of resistance of concrete in flanged beams Axial load Percentage of tensile reinforcement Percentage of compressive reinforcement Imeral radius of a bend in a bar Spacings of bent bars used as shear reinforcement Spacing of vertical inks Applied torsion Proportion of total torsion carried by each rectangle of an, T- oF section Shear stress in concrete (N/mm?) Design concrete shear stress (N/mm?) Shear stress in concrete duc to torsion (N/mm?) Ultimate permissible torsional shear stress (N/mm?) Design concrete torsional shear stress (N/mm*) Shear force in concrete section Shear force carried by bent bars ‘Shear force capacity of concrete section. ‘Shear force carried by vertical links Ubimite maximum shear forees allowed on section Shear force capacity of concrete section with minimum vertical links Design shear resistance of concrete Maximum crack width (mm) Depth of neutral axis from compression face Centre-tocentre of two external vertical legs ofa link Centre-tocentre of two external horizontal legs of a link Depth of lever arm Angle of inclination to horizontal of sheat reinforcement ‘Angle of inclination to horizontal of concrete strut in truss analogy Ratio of redistributed moment over clastic analysis moment Factor governing moment of resistance of concrete T-section Material factor Calculated strain in concrete at depth ft ‘Strain with stiffening effect corrected Strain at centre of stee! reinforcement Yield strain in steel reinforcement Strain at centre of compressive reinforcement Strain at depth h corrected for stiffening effect Caleulated strain in concrete ignoring stiffening effect Poisson's rat lent diameter of a group of barsDesign of Reinforced Concrete Beams 43 2a ANALYSIS OF BEAMS, 2.1.1 Effective spans ‘SK 2/2 Continuous beam SiC 2/3 Cantilever beam, SK 2/1 Simply supported beam, ‘Simply supported or encastré —_,= smaller of (I+ d) or fy Continuous k= ad Cantilever = 1+ 5 2 Where /, = centre-to-centre distance between supports ie = effective span = clear span or span to face of support d = effective depth of tension reinforcement, 2.1.2 Effective width of compression flange > Kp a! 71 5K 216 Etective with of Hk tly» ~ G Compson Tange Secrin = 8 & Simply supported beam akan, ‘Simply supported L-beam Continuous or encasteé Teams 6 = = 4 p, Continuous or encastré L-beams