Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910)

Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914)

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900)

Gottlob Frege (1848–1925)

Alexius Meinong (1853–1920)

Giuseppe Peano (1858–1932)

Edmund Husserl (1859–1938)

Henri Bergson (1859–1941)

Alfred North Whitehead (1861–1947)

Bertrand Russell (1872–1970)

Henry M. Sheffer (1882–1964)

Franz Kafka (1883–1924)

Karl Jaspers (1883–1969)

Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951)

Gabriel Marcel (1889–1973)

Martin Heidegger (1889–1976)

Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970)

Gilbert Ryle (1900–1976)

Alfred Tarski (1901–1983)

Karl Popper (1902–1994)

Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980)

Kurt Gödel (1906–1978)

Simone de Beauvoir (1908–1986)

W. V. O. Quine (1908–2000)

Albert Camus (1913–1960)

John Rawls (1921–2002)

Thomas Kuhn (1922–1996)

Hilary Putnam (1926— )

Edmund Gettier (1927— )

Jürgen Habermas (1929– )

Harry Frankfurt (1929— )

Jaakko Hintikka (1929— )

Jacques Derrida (1930–2004)

Carl Ginet (1932— )

Alvin Plantinga (1932– )

John Searle (1932—)

Thomas Nagel (1937— )

Robert Nozick (1938–2002)

Alvin Goldman (1938– )

Saul Kripke (1940— )

Frank Jackson (1943— )

Jonathan Dancy (1946— )

Peter Singer (1946— )

David Chalmers (1966— )