Question Bank in Hindi Class X (Term-II) Course A

14 ,d dgkuh ;g Hkh
eUuw HkaMkjh

ikB dk laf{kIr ifjp;

;g ikB vkRedFkkRed 'kSyh esa fy[kk x;k gS] foaQrq vkRedFkk ekrk&firk dk csckdh ls o.kZu djosQ viuh bZekunkjh dk ifjp;
ugha gS A blesa ysf[kdk us vius ikfjokfjd okrkoj.k osQ mu fn;k gS A dgkuh dk izk jaHk vtesj (jktLFkku) osQ cz g~eiqjh
igyqvks a dks fpf=kr fd;k gS] ftudk izHkko muosQ O;fDrRo eksgYys osQ vius edku osQ o.kZu ls fd;k gS] tks vkidh
fuekZ.k ij iM+k gSA viuh lgt vfHkO;fDr esa vkius vius bZekunkjh dh >yd izLrqr djrk gSA

AN
ikB dk lkj

H
vkjaHk esa ysf[kdk osQ firk bankSj esa jgrs FksA os laiUu vkSj mRiUu dh] ijarq ys[kdh; miyfC/;ksa osQ feyus ij Hkh og mlls

AS
izfrf"Br gksus osQ lkFk dksey vkSj laosnu'khy Hkh FksA f'k{kk vkSj mcj u ldhA lq'khyk osQ fookg vkSj Hkkb;ksa osQ i<+us osQ fy, ckgj
lektlsok dh mudh fo'ks"k #fp dks vkB&nl fon~;kfFkZ;ksa osQ lnk tkus ij firk us mls jlksbZ esa le; [kjkc u dj ns'k&nqfu;k dk gky

AK
muosQ ?kj jgdj i<+us ls le>k tk ldrk FkkA ,d ckj fdlh djhch tkuus dks iszfjr fd;kA ?kj esa jktuhfrd ikfVZ;ksa dh cglksa dks lqudj
O;fDr osQ /ks[kk fn, tkus ij os vkfFkZd eqlhcr esa i¡Qldj vtesj mlesa ns'kHkfDr dh Hkkouk txhA
PR
vk x,A ,d vaxzs”kh&fganh dks'k iwjk djus ij Hkh tc /u ugha feyk] lu 1945 esa lkfo=kh xYlZ dkWyt s osQ izFke o"kZ esa fganh izkè;kfidk
rks mudh ldkjkRedrk ?kVrh pyh xbZ vkSj os lnk osQ fy, csgn 'khyk vxzoky us ysf[kdk esa u osQoy fganh lkfgR; osQ izfr #fp txkbZ]
S

Øksèkh] 'kDdh] ftn~nh vkSj vgaoknh gks x,A cfYd lkfgR; osQ lp dks thou esa mrkjus osQ fy, Hkh izsfjr fd;kA
ER

ysf[kdk dk tUe eè; izns'k osQ Hkkuiqjk xk¡o esa gqvk Fkk] ijarq lu 1946&47 osQ fnuksa esa ysf[kdk us ?kj ls ckgj fudydj ns'klsok
mldh ;knsa vtesj osQ czg~eiqjh eksgYys osQ ,d nks&eaftyk edku esa esa lfØ; Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA gM+rkyksa] tqywlksa o Hkk"k.kksa esa Hkkx ysus ls
TH

firk dh fcxM+h eu%fLFkfr osQ lkFk 'kq: gqb±A firk th mQij dh Nk=kk,¡ Hkh izHkkfor gksdj dkWystksa dk cfg"dkj djus yxhaA fizafliy
O

eafty ij fc[kjh dkWih&fdrkcksa esa my>s jgrs Fks vkSj og viuh ek¡ us dkWyst ls fudkys tkus dk uksfVl nsus ls igys firk dks cqykdj
R

vkSj ik¡p HkkbZ&cguksa osQ lkFk uhps jgrh FkhA uokch vknrksa osQ vknh f'kdk;r dh] rks os Øksf/r gksus osQ cnys ysf[kdk dh usr`Ro'kfDr ns[k
B

firk R;kxe;h iRuh vkSj eerke;h vui<+ ek¡ ij tc&rc cjlrs vkSj xn~xn gks x,A ,d ckj tc firk us vtesj osQ O;Lr pkSjkgs ij csVh
lHkh ij 'kd djrs jgrsA ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks fdLer le>us okyh ek¡ osQ lkfFk;ksa osQ chp vosQys /kjkizokg Økafrdkjh Hkk"k.k dh [kcj fe=k
L
YA

dks ysf[kdk dHkh viuk vkn'kZ ugha cuk ldhaA ysf[kdk dh cM+h ls lquh rks firk dks ysf[kdk] ?kj dh e;kZnk yk¡?krh yxhA nwljs fe=k
cgu dh 'kknh ysf[kdk dh NksVh mez esa gksus osQ dkj.k mldh ls mlh Hkk"k.k dh iz'kalk lqudj os xn~xn Hkh gks mBsA csVh esa os vius
O

/q¡/yh&lh ;kn gh FkhA cpiu esa ?kj osQ iM+ksl dh laLÑfr us mls ns[ks liuksa dks iwjk gksrs ns[kus yxsA ysf[kdk dks Hkh bldk vglkl Fkk
G

bruk izHkkfor fd;k fd mlus viuh vkjafHkd dgkfu;k¡ mUgha ij fd mlesa firk osQ vusd xq.k&voxq.k LokHkkfod :i ls vk x, gSaA
fy[khaA orZeku 'kgjh thou esa iM+ksl dh deh mls nq[kh vkSj fpafrr fiQj Hkh firk osQ LoHkko dh fo'ks"krk&fof'k"V cuus dh pkg vkSj
cukrh gSA firk osQ n~okjk mlls cM+h cgu lq'khyk osQ xksjsiu vkSj lkekftd Nfo dks u fcxM+us nsus osQ varfoZjks/ dks og iw.kZr% u le>
lqanjrk dh iz'kalk ls txs ghucks/ us mlesa fo'ks"k cuus dh yxu ikbZA ns'k dh vktknh dh [kq'kh ls og iwQyh ugha lekbZA

'kCnkFkZ ,oa fVIif.k;k¡

vgaoknh ¾ vgadkjh_ vkØkar ¾ ladVxzLr_ fuf"kn~/ ¾ ftl ij vklUu vrhr ¾ FkksM+k igys gh chrk Hkwrdky_ I+kQtZ ¾ drZO;_
jksd yxkbZ xbZ gks] oftZr_ HkXuko'ks"k ¾ [kaMgj (VwVs&iwQVs fgLls)_ ;'kfyIlk ¾ dhfrZ dh pkg_ vfuok;Z ¾ ”k:jh_ iz'kalk ¾ cM+kbZ_
opZLo ¾ ncnck_ foLiQkfjr ¾ iSQykdj_ egkHkkst ¾ eUuw HkaMkjh nfj;kfny ¾ [kqys fny dk_ vpsru ¾ csgks'k_ 'kDdh ¾ ogeh]
dk pfpZ r miU;kl gS A nk lkgc mlos Q iz eq [ k ik=k gS a _ 'ka dkyq _ flyflyk ¾ Øe_ cs i<+h ¾ vui<+_ igyqv ksa ¾ i{kks a_
fugk;r ¾ fcyoqQy_ foo'krk ¾ ykpkjh] etcwjh_ [kkfe;k¡ ¾ dfe;k¡_ gkSlyk ¾ fgEer_ vksgnk ¾ in_ izfr"Bk ¾ lEeku_ 'kh"kZ ¾ izeq[k_
1 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
gkf'k;k ¾ fdukjk_ ;kruk ¾ d"V_ xkSjoxku ¾ iz'kalk djuk_
ys[kdh; ¾ ys[ku ls lacaf/r_ f”kØ ¾ ppkZ_ pisV esa ¾ fxjÝr
esa_ xqF¡ kh ¾ fijksb_Z HkUuk&HkUuk ¾ ckj&ckj Øksf/r gksuk_ O;Fkk ¾ nq[k_
oaq QBk ¾ ghu cks/_ izo kg ¾ xfr] fujar jrk_ iz kI; ¾ izkIr_
nk;jk ¾ lhek] gn_ ikcanh ¾ jksd_ otwn ¾ vfLrRo_ uqL[ks ¾ rjhosQ_
tekoM+ s ¾ cS B os a Q _ 'kxy ¾ 'kkS d _ vgfe;r ¾ egRo_
ckdk;nk ¾ fof/or_ eaFku ¾ fparu] fopkj_ Hkkxhnkjh ¾ Hkwfedk_
coaMj ¾ rwiQku_ jxsa ¾ ulsa_ ygw ¾ [kwu] jDr_ fu"ks/ ¾ eukgh_
èoLr ¾ u"V_ nfd;kuw l h ¾ fiNM+ h _ var foZ j ks/ ¾ n~o a n ~o _
lesfVo vlslesaV osQ fy,
,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- ikB~;iqLrd osQ iz'uksRrj
1- ysf[kdk osQ O;fDrRo ij fdu&fdu O;fDr;ksa dk fdl
:i esa izHkko iM+k\
[CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
mRrj % ysf[kdk dk O;fDrRo ?kj vkSj ckgj nksuksa ls izHkkfor jgkA
ek¡ osQ O;fDrRo esa ysf[kdk dks nCcwiu Hkjk yxkA mlesa
fojks/ dh psruk txhA lkFk gh viuh ckr nwljksa osQ le{k
j[kus dh Hkkouk mithA ysf[kdk firk osQ tSlh dksey ,oa
S
laosnu'khy FkhA mlesa Øks/] oqaQBk,¡] vga vkSj vfo'okl
ER
firk osQ LoHkko osQ dkj.k gh mRiUu gqvkA f'k{kk] lekt
TH
vkSj jktuhfr esa lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh Hkh firk dh gh izsj.kk ls
laHko gqbZA ,d vksj jax&:i dks ysdj cgu lq'khyk ls
O
firk n~okjk rqyuk ls mRiUu ghurk ls mls viuh ys[kdh;
R
miyfC/;k¡ Hkh ckSuh u”kj vkrha] ogha nwljh vksj L=kh gksdj
B
Hkh {kerk vkSj izfrHkk dh igpku ikfjokfjd lanHkks± ls
L
gVdj lekt vkSj jk"Vª esa cukus dh yxu Hkh cuhA ysf[kdk
YA
ij lokZf/d izHkko mudh fganh izkè;kfidk 'khyk vxzoky
dk iM+kA mUgksaus ysf[kdk esa lkfgR; osQ izfr #fp txkbZ]
O
lekt dks le>uk fl[kk;kA vius fopkjksa dks lkeus j[kuk
G
vkSj fuMj gksdj vkxs c<+uk fl[kk;kA
2- bl vkRedF; esa ysf[kdk osQ firk us jlksbZ dks
^HkfV;kj[kkuk* dgdj D;ksa lacksf/r fd;k gS\
[CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
mRrj % ^HkfV;kj[kkuk* dk vfHkizk; gS] og HkV~Bh ftlesa ;k ftl ij
gj le; jksfV;k¡ lsadh tkrh gSaA blls ;fn dksbZ O;fDr mlh
ls tqM+k jgsxk rks og ns'k&nqfu;k dks tku o le> gh ugha
losQxkA blfy, ysf[kdk osQ firk mlosQ ln~xq.kksa dh igpku
djosQ jlksbZ osQ bu fØ;kdykiksa esa mls O;Lr ugha ns[kuk
pkgrs FksA og blfy, fd ysf[kdk os Q xq.kksaµjktuhfrd&
2 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
jkgr ¾ larks"k_ gdhdr ¾ lPpkbZ_ dgj ¾ foifRr_ dksi ¾ Øks/_
jksc ¾ ncnck_ HkHkduk ¾ vR;f/d Øksf/r gksuk_ èkqvk¡/kj ¾
”kksjnkj_ èkqjh ¾ v{k_ Nfo ¾ lqanjrk] igpku_ fpj ¾ lnk_ izcy
¾ cyorh_ yw mrkjuk ¾ pqxyh djuk_ Fkw&Fkw ¾ 'keZlkj gksuk_ er
ekjh tkuk ¾ vDy dke u djuk_ xqckj fudkyuk ¾ eu dh
HkM+kl fudkyuk_ pisV esa vkuk ¾ paxqy esa vkuk_ vk¡[k
ew¡nuk ¾ e`R;q dks izkIr gksuk_ tM+sa tekuk ¾ viuk izHkko tekuk_
HkV~Bh esa >ksaduk ¾ vfLrRo feVk nsuk_ varjax ¾ vkfRed] vkReh;
lacaèk_ vkg~oku ¾ iqdkjA
AN
H
AS
lkekftd ifjppkZvksa esa Hkkx ysuk ,oa usr`Ro vkfn dk
fodkl gks losQA osQoy pwYgs&pkSosQ esa O;Lr jgus ls mldh
AK
izfrHkk,¡ ej ldrh FkhaA
PR
3- og dkSu&lh ?kVuk Fkh] ftlosQ ckjs esa lquus ij ysf[kdk
dks u viuh vk¡[kksa ij fo'okl gks ik;k vkSj u vius
dkuksa ij\
mRrj % ,d ckj ysf[kdk osQ ?kj mlosQ dkWyst osQ fizafliy dk
i=k vk;k fd ysf[kdk us dkWyst esa vuq'kklughurk dh gS
rFkk ml ij D;ksa u l[r dkjZokbZ dh tk,A firk us
vkxccwyk gksdj dgk fd mlus mUgsa eq¡g fn[kkus yk;d
ugha j[kkA ?kj osQ fdlh i<+s&fy[ks cPps us mudh bruh
csb””krh ugha dhA firk th osQ dkWyst ls ykSVdj vkSj
vf/d xqLlk gksus oQk vuqeku djosQ ysf[kdk iM+ksl esa
tk fNihA dkWyst esa firk th dks tc fizafliy us ;g
crk;k fd ysf[kdk osQ ,d b'kkjs ij Nk=k&Nk=kk,¡ d{kk,¡
NksM+dj eSnku esa vk ukjsckth djus yxrs gSa] mlus dkWyst
pykuk eqf'dy dj fn;k gSA Mjkus&èkedkus dk Hkh vc
vlj ugha gksrk] vr% firk th ls ckj&ckj ysf[kdk dks
?kj ij j[kus dh izkFkZuk djus yxha rks firk th xoZ ls
iwQys u lek,A ysf[kdk us tc firk dks xn~xn Loj esa
dgrs lquk fd os izkpk;Z ls dg vk, gSa fd ¶;g rks iwjs
ns'k dh iqdkj gS--- bl ij dksbZ oSQls jksd yxk ldrk gS
Hkyk]¸ rks ysf[kdk dks u viuh vk¡[kksa ij fo'okl gks
ik;k vkSj u vius dkuksa ijA
4- ysf[kdk dh vius firk ls oSpkfjd VdjkgV dks vius
'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A [CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
mRrj % fdlh ifjfpr n~okjk fd, x, vkfFkZd fo'okl?kkr osQ
 dkj.k ysf[kdk osQ firk vR;ar laosnu'khy] Øks/h] oqaQfBr
vkSj vgaoknh cu x,A blls cM+h gksrh ysf[kdk Hkh izHkkfor
gqbZA cgu lq'khyk osQ osQoy jax&:i osQ vk/kj ij mlosQ
izfr ghu n`f"Vdks.k dks viukus dk firk dk fopkj ysf[kdk
dks dHkh ugha Hkk;kA firk dk HkkbZ&cguksa] ek¡ vkSj ml ij
vfo'okl vkSj 'kadkyq izo`fRr mlesa foæksg txk nsrh FkhA
ns'k lsok esa ?kj ls ckgj dh viuh lfØ; Hkwfedk ij
firk th dk Øks/ Hkh mls cnkZ'r ugha gqvkA bl izdkj
firk osQ thou osQ fln~/karksa esa [kjh mrjrs gq, Hkh muls
mldh thou i;±r oSpkfjd VdjkgV cuh jghA
5- bl vkRedF; osQ vk/kj ij Lok/hurk vkanksyu osQ
ifjn`'; dk fp=k.k djrs gq, mlesa eUuwth dh Hkwfedk
dks js[kkafdr dhft,A
mRrj % lu 1942 osQ vkanksyu osQ ckn tcfd fofHkUu jktuhfrd
ikfVZ;ksa dh uhfr;ksa] vkilh fojks/ksa vkSj erHksnksa osQ chp iwjk
ns'k vaxzstksa osQ fo#n~èk vkØks'k ls Hkjk gqvk FkkA rc ysf[kdk
Hkh vius ?kj gksus okyh jktuhfrd cglksa ls izHkkfor gks
Økafrdkfj;ksa vkSj ns'kHkDr 'kghnksa osQ izfr :ekuh vkd"kZ.k esa
c¡/dj Hkfo"; esa oqQN dj xqtjus osQ lius ns[kus yxhaA lu
1945 esa izkè;kfidk 'khyk vxzoky dh izsj.kk ls ns'k esa
lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh dhA 1946&47 vkrs&vkrs ysf[kdk osQ vuqlkj
S
izHkkriQsfj;k¡] gM+rkysa] tqywl] Hkk"k.k gj 'kgj dk pfj=k Fkk
ER
vkSj iwjs ne[ke vkSj tks'k&[kjks'k osQ lkFk bu lcls tqM+uk
gj ;qok dk mUekn FkkA fuMj cudj ysf[kdk us vktkn fgan
TH
iQkSt dh ukjsckth dhA Hkk"k.k ns&nsdj LowQy] dkWyst can
O
djok,A Nk=k&Nk=kkvksa dks vaxzsth lkezkT; osQ fo#n~/ ,dtqV
R
djosQ izHkkr isQfj;k¡ fudkyhA tqywl fudkys vkSj gM+rkysa
B
dhA vtesj osQ O;Lr rax pkSjkgs ij /qvk¡/kj Hkk"k.k nsdj
vk”kknh dk fcxqy ctk;kA
L
YA
jpuk vkSj vfHkO;fDr
O
6- ysf[kdk us cpiu esa vius Hkkb;ksa osQ lkFk fxYyh&MaMk
G
rFkk irax mM+kus tSls [ksy Hkh [ksys] yM+dh gksus osQ
dkj.k mldk nk;jk ?kj dh pkjnhokjh rd lhfer FkkA
D;k vkt Hkh yM+fd;ksa osQ fy, fLFkfr;k¡ ,slh gh gSa ;k
cny xbZ gSaA vius ifjos'k osQ vk/kj ij fyf[k,A
mRrj % xk¡o gks ;k 'kgj foKku osQ bl ;qx us ifjos'k dks izHkkfor
fd;k gSA fuj{kj yksxksa esa Hkh ,d ldkjkRed tkx`fr mRiUu
gks us yxh gS A yM+ f d;k¡ fxYyh&Ma M k] ira x mM+ k us ]
idM+e&idM+kbZ] y¡xM+h Vk¡x rFkk vU; blh rjg osQ lLrs
vkSj lgt :i ls [ksys tkus okys [ksy ?kj osQ nk;js esa gh
ugha] ckgj Hkh [ksyrh gSaA vkt ca/u dgha Hkh iwjs ughaA vU;
izfrLi/kZRed [ksyksa esa Hkh yM+fd;ksa dks yM+dksa osQ lkFk
3 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
NksVs] eè;e vkSj cM+s Lrj ij igpku cukus osQ iwjs ekSosQ fn,
tk jgs gSSaA va/fo'oklksa ls Hkjh fiNM+h lksp u, vuqHkoksa osQ
dkj.k ?kVrh vkSj gVrh tk jgh gSA gkWdh] iqQVckWy] fØosQV]
'krjat] oSQje] Vsful vkSj cSMfeaVu tSls fdrus gh [ksyksa esa
yM+fd;ksa dh c<+rh la[;k fuR; u, dhfrZeku mRFkkfir dj
jgh gSaA
7- euq"; osQ thou esa vkl&ikl dk cgqr egRo gksrk gS
ijarq egkuxjksa esa jgus okys yksx izk;% ^iM+ksl dYpj*
ls oafpr jg tkrs gSaA bl ckjs esa vius fopkj fyf[k,A
mRrj % cpiu og voLFkk gS] ftldh Le`fr;k¡ dHkh ugha feVrhaA ?kj
osQ ckn gekjk izFke ifjp; iM+ksl ls gksrk gSA iM+ksl esa ge
?kj dh gh Nfo dks ns[kuk pkgrs gSaA iM+ksl ?kj osQ cM+s
AN
cqtqxks±] gemez yksxksa vkSj fe=kksa osQ vHkko dks nwj djrk gSA
thou dks ljy :i esa ns[kus&le>us] thus vkSj vkuafnr gksus
H
AS
esa lgk;d curk gSA jkstxkj dh ryk'k esa ns'k osQ lHkh izkarksa
ls vk, iM+kslh cus yksx viuh laLÑfr;ksa dk vknku&iznku
AK
dj ns'k dh ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk dks n`<+ Hkh dj ldrs gSaA
le; dh deh] lg;ksx dj ikus dh v;ksX;rk vkSj vfuPNk
PR
,sls dM+os lp gSa fd cPps iM+kslh dYpj ls oafpr gksrs tk
jgs gSaA u pkgrs gq, Hkh vlgk;rk] vlqj{kk vkSj vuko';d
ladksp dks /kj.k djuk etcwjh curh tk jgh gSA gesa iM+ksl
dh Hkwfedk dks le>rs gq, bldh lgtrk dks cuk, j[kus
dh dksf'k'k djuh pkfg,A
8- ysf[kdk n~okjk i<+s x, miU;klksa dh lwph cukb, vkSj
mu miU;klksa dks iqLrdky; esa [kksft,A
mRrj % ysf[kdk n~okjk ?kj ls dkWyst dh f'k{kk rd fofo/ fo"k;ksa
dh vusd iqLrosaQ i<+h xb±] ftudk fooj.k bl izdkj gSµ
fdrkc ys[kd
1 'ks[kj % ,d thouh lfPpnkuan ghjkuan okRL;k;u ^vKs;*
2 unh osQ n~ohi lfPpnkuan ghjkuan okRL;k;u ^vKs;*
3 R;kxi=k tSusaæ tSu
4 fp=kys[kk Hkxorhpj.k oekZ
9- vki Hkh vius nSfud vuqHkoksa dks Mk;jh esa fyf[k,A
mRrj % 22&06&2011
lk;a 6-00 ctsA
vkt lqcg tc eSa ?kj osQ ckgj [kqyh Nr ij [kM+k Fkk] rks
ns[kk fd fudyrk gqvk lwjt viuh xgjh ykfyek ls vkdk'k
dks Hkj jgk gSA Hkxoku tSls vkdk'k osQ oSQuokl ij viuh
iy&iy cnyrh u,&u, jaxksa dks lesVrh tknqbZ fp=kdkjh dk
ifjp; nsus yxsA lqugjs yky&ihys jax vk”kknh esa nh xbZ
oqQckZfu;ksa osQ lkFk vuks[kh laLÑfr dh ;kn fnykus yxsA
fpfM+;ksa dh pgpgkgV Hkh lqukbZ iM+us yxhA vkdk'k ,d
 lqjhys laxhr ls Hkjus yxkA jkr dh vksl xqykc dh f[kyh
ifRr;ksa ij iM+h tSls eq>s eqloQjkrh gqbZ ^'kqHk lqcg* dg jgh
FkhA eSa lksp jgk Fkk fdruk vPNk gS esjk ns'k] esjk ?kj
vkSj--- vkSj esjh ek¡] tks vanj eq>ls Hkh igys mBdj uk'rk
rS;kj dj jgh Fkh vkSj nw/ dk fxykl ysdj vkus gh okyh
FkhA lkeus f[kM+dh esa cSBh fpfM+;k Hkh ek¡ dh rjg igys gh
tkx xbZ vkSj mlosQ cPps! vksg! ihyh&ihyh pksap [kksydj
pw¡&pw¡ dj 'kksj epk jgs gSaA fpfM+;k iqQjZ ls vk cSBh muosQ
ikl oqQN vanj gksdj! pksap ls pksap feyh vkSj nkuk eq¡g esa!
vgk! fdruk lq[k gS ek¡ osQ Lusg esa! ns[kHkky esa! fpfM+;k
mM+h gh Fkh fd izos'k fd;k ek¡ usA lpeqp! fpfM+;k] ek¡ vkSj
ekr`Hkwfe esa dksbZ Hkh rks Hksn ugha! dksbZ Hkh!
jpuk dks jkspd cuk;k gSA js[kkafdr eqgkojksa dks è;ku
esa j[kdj oqQN vkSj okD; cuk,¡&
(d) bl chp firk th osQ ,d fugk;r nfd;kuwlh
fe=k us ?kj vkdj vPNh rjg firk th dh yw mrkjhA
mRrj % ,d ckj esjs fe=k us esjh ek¡ ls esjh [kwc yw mrjokbZA
([k) os yksx vkx yxkdj pys x, vkSj firk th lkjs
fnu HkHkdrs jgsA
mRrj % gekjh iM+ksflu dh rks vknr cl pqipki vkx yxkdj
rek'kk ns[kus dh gSA
(x) cl vc ;gh jg x;k gS fd yksx ?kj vkdj Fkw&Fkw
djosQ pys tk,¡A

AN
mRrj % fdruh ckj rqEgsa le>k;k Fkk fd dksbZ Hkh ,slk dke u
Hkk"kk vè;;u djuk] ftlls gekjh Fkw&Fkw gksA

H
AS
1- bl vkRedF; esa eqgkojksa dk iz;ksx djosQ ysf[kdk us (?k) i=k i<+rs gh firk th vkx&ccwyk gks x,A
mRrj % lhrk osQ firk rks cl ckr&ckr esa vkx&ccwyk gks mBrs gSaA

AK
vU; ijh{kksi;ksxh egRoiw.kZ ç'uksRrj (CCE in~èkfr ij vkèkkfjr)
PR
([k) LFkkukarj.k osQ dkj.k
S

oLrqfu"B ç'uksRrj (x) jks”kxkj osQ fy, (?k) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
ER

uhps fn, x, ç'uksa osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqudj fyf[k,µ 4- ysf[kdk osQ firk vtesj esa D;k dk;Z djrs Fks\
TH

I. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa (d) nqdku pykrs Fks ([k) Nkik[kkuk pykrs Fks
osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,µ (x) vaxzs”kh&¯gnh 'kCndks'k fy[kus dk dk;Z djrs Fks
O

(?k) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

R

ij ;g lc rks eSaus osQoy lqukA ns[kk] rc rks bu xq.kksa osQ HkXuko'ks"kksa

5- ysf[kdk osQ firk ij mudh vk£Fkd fLFkfr us oSQlk çHkko
B

dks <ksrs firk FksA ,d cgqr cM+s vk£Fkd >VosQ osQ dkj.k os bankSj ls
Mkyk\
L

vtesj vk x, Fks] tgk¡ mUgksaus vius vosQys osQ cy&cwrs vkSj gkSalys (d) foijhr çHkko Mkyk
YA

ls vaxzs”kh&¯gnh 'kCndks'k (fo"k;okj) osQ vèkwjs dke dks vkxs c<+kuk ([k) muosQ thou esa xq.kksa dk yksi gks x;k
'kq: fd;k tks viuh rjg dk igyk vkSj vosQyk 'kCndks'k FkkA blus
O

(x) mudk vga c<+rk x;k

mUgsa ;'k vkSj çfr"Bk rks cgqr nh] ij vFkZ ugha vkSj 'kk;n fxjrh
G

(?k) mijksDr lHkh

vk£Fkd fLFkfr us gh muosQ O;fDrRo osQ lkjs ldkjkRed igyqvksa dks mRrj % 1- (x) 2- ([k) 3- (d) 4- (x) 5- (?k)
fupksM+uk 'kq: dj fn;kA II. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa
1- çLrqr ikB dh ysf[kdk dk uke gSµ osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,µ [CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
(d) egknsoh oekZ ([k) Ñ".kk lkscrh ml ”kekus esa ?kj dh nhokjsa ?kj rd gh lekIr ugha gks tkrh Fkha
(x) eUuw HkaMkjh (?k) lqHkæk oqQekjh pkSgku cfYd iwjs eksgYys rd iSQyh jgrh Fkha blfy, eksgYys osQ fdlh Hkh
2- ysf[kdk us fdlosQ lacaèk esa lquk Fkk\ ?kj esa tkus ij dksbZ ikcanh ugha Fkh] cfYd oqQN ?kj rks ifjokj dk
(d) vius ifr osQ ([k) vius firk osQ fgLlk gh FksA vkt rks eq>s cM+h f'kn~nr osQ lkFk ;g eglwl gksrk gS
(x) vius HkkbZ osQ (?k) viuh ekrk osQ fd viuh ¯”knxh [kqn thus osQ bl vk/qfud ncko us egkuxjksa osQ -
3- ysf[kdk osQ firk bankSj ls vtesj D;ksa vk x, Fks\ ÝySV esa jgus okyksa dks gekjs bl ijaijkxr ^iM+ksl&dYpj* ls
(d) vk£Fkd >VosQ osQ dkj.k fofPNUu djosQ gesa fdruk laoqQfpr] vlgk; vkSj vlqjf{kr cuk
4 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
fn;k gSA esjh de&ls&de ,d ntZu vkjafHkd dgkfu;ksa osQ ik=k blh
eksgYys osQ gSa tgk¡ eSaus viuh fd'kksjkoLFkk xq”kkj viuh ;qokoLFkk dk
vkjaHk fd;k FkkA ,d&nks dks NksM+dj muesa ls dksbZ Hkh ik=k esjs
ifjokj dk ugha gSA cl budks ns[krs&lqurs] buosQ chp gh eSa cM+h gqbZ
Fkh ysfdu budh Nki esjs eu ij fdruh xgjh Fkh] bl ckr dk
vglkl rks eq>s dgkfu;k¡ fy[krs le; gqvkA brus o"kks± osQ varjky us
Hkh mudh Hkko&Hkafxek] Hkk"kk] fdlh dks Hkh /q¡/yk ugha fd;k
Fkk vkSj fcuk fdlh fo'ks"k iz;kl osQ cM+s lgt Hkko ls os mrjrs pys
x, FksA
(i) ml tekus dh nhokjksa dh fo'ks"krk Fkh fd os -------- A
(d) b±V&pwus dh cuh nhokjsa Fkha
([k) iM+ksfl;ksa osQ lkFk [kM+h dVqrk dh nhokjsa Fkha
(x) fj'rksa dh e/qjrk vkSj vkReh;rk dh nhokjsa Fkha
(?k) 'k=kqrk vkSj oSeuL; dh nhokjsa Fkha
(ii) egkuxjksa osQ -ÝySV esa jgus okys yksx fdlls oafpr gSa\
(d) lq[k&lk/uksa ls ([k) iM+ksl&dYpj ls
(x) lH;rk vkSj laLo`Qfr ls (?k) viuh ijEijkvksa ls
(iii) ^iM+ksl&dYpj* ls fofPNUu gksus osQ D;k nq"ifj.kke lkeus
S
vk,\
ER
(d) viuk lq[k&nq[k ugha ck¡V ikrs
([k) vius dks vlqjf{kr ikrs gSa
TH
(x) ges'kk vosQyk ikrs gSa
O
(?k) laoqQfpr] vlgk; vkSj lqjf{kr ikrs gSa
R
okD;ka'k esa iz;qDr 'kCn ^viuh ¯”knxh* esa ^viuh* 'kCn
B
(iv)
loZuke dk dkSu&lk Hksn gS\
L
(d) iq#"kokpd loZuke ([k) iz'uokpd loZuke
YA
(x) fu'p;okpd loZuke (?k) futokpd loZuke
O
(v) ^brus o"kks± osQ varjky us Hkh dgkuh ik=kksa dh Hkko&Hkafxek]
G
Hkk"kk] fdlh dks /q¡/yk ugha fd;k FkkA* okD;ka'k esa /q¡/yk
'kCn ls vk'k; gSµ
(d) ik=kksa dh lthork ([k) ik=kksa dh os'kHkw"kk
(x) mudh Hkk"kk (?k) mudk ln~O;ogkj
mRrj % 1- (x) 2- ([k) 3- (?k) 4- (?k) 5- (?k)
III. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa
osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,µ
çHkkr&isQfj;k¡] gM+rkysa] tqywl] Hkk"k.k gj 'kgj dk pfj=k Fkk vkSj iwjs
ne[ke vkSj tks'k&[kjks'k osQ lkFk bu lcls tqM+uk gj ;qok dk
mUeknA eSa Hkh ;qok Fkh vkSj 'khyk vxzoky dh tks'khyh ckrksa us jxksa
5 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
esa cgrs [kwu dks ykos esa cny fn;k FkkA fLFkfr ;g gqbZ fd ,d
coaMj 'kgj esa epk gqvk Fkk vkSj ,d ?kj esaA firk th dh vk”kknh
dh lhek ;gha rd Fkh fd mudh mifLFkfr esa ?kj esa vk, yksxksa osQ
chp mBw¡&cSBw¡] tkuw¡&le>w¡A gkFk mBk&mBkdj ukjs yxkrh] gM+rkysa
djokrh] yM+dksa osQ lkFk 'kgj dh lM+osaQ ukirh yM+dh dks viuh
lkjh vkèkqfudrk osQ ckotwn cnkZ'r djuk muosQ fy, eqf'dy gks jgk
Fkk rks fdlh dh nh gqbZ vk”kknh osQ nk;js esa pyuk esjs fy,A tc jxksa
esa ygw dh txg ykok cgrk gks rks lkjs fu"ksèk] lkjh otZuk,¡ vkSj lkjk
Hk; oSQls èoLr gks tkrk gS] ;g rHkh tkukA
1- çLrqr xn~;ka'k fdl ikB ls fy;k x;k gS\
(d) ,d dgkuh ;g Hkh ([k) L=kh f'k{kk
(x) ukScr [kkus dh bcknr (?k) laLÑfr
AN
2- ysf[kdk us çLrqr xn~;ka'k esa fdldk o.kZu fd;k gS\
H
(d) vius ?kj dk ([k) vius eksgYys dk
AS
(x) 1946&47 osQ vkanksyu dk (?k) ÝySV dk
AK
3- fdldh tks'khyh ckrksa us ysf[kdk dh jxksa esa cgrs [kwu dks
ykos esa cny fn;k\
PR
(d) lqHkk"kpaæ cksl dh ([k) egkRek xkaèkh
(x) Hkxr ¯lg (?k) 'khyk vxzoky
4- ysf[kdk osQ firk D;k pkgrs Fks\
(d) ysf[kdk ?kj ij vk, vkSj yksxksa osQ fopkj lqus
([k) 'kgj esa ukjs yxk,
(x) ysf[kdk gM+rky djs
(?k) yM+dksa osQ lkFk ?kj ls ckgj ?kwesa
5- ysf[kdk osQ fy, D;k eqf'dy gks jgk Fkk\
(d) fdlh dh nh gqbZ vktknh osQ nk;js esa pyuk
([k) tqywlksa] gM+rkyksa esa lfEefyr gksuk
(x) ?kj esa cSBs jguk
(?k) firk dh vkKk dk ikyu u djuk
mRrj % 1- (d) 2- (x) 3- (?k) 4- (d) 5- (d)
IV. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa
osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,µ
dgk¡ rks tkrs le; firk th eq¡g fn[kkus ls ?kcjk jgs Fks vkSj dgk¡ cM+s
xoZ ls dgdj vk, fd ;g rks iwjs ns'k dh iqdkj gS----- bl ij dksbZ
oSQls jksd yxk ldrk gS Hkyk\ csgn xn~xn Loj esa firk th ;g lc
lqukrs jgs vkSj eSa voko~QA eq>s u viuh vk¡[kksa ij fo'okl gks jgk Fkk]
u vius dkuksa ijA ij ;g gdhdr FkhA
1- ysf[kdk osQ firk eq¡g fn[kkus ls D;ksa ?kcjk jgs Fks\
(d) mudh csVh dkWyt s osQ fu;eksa osQ fo#¼ dk;Z dj jgh Fkh
([k) ¯çfliy osQ i=k esa mudh csVh dh ç'kalk fy[kh Fkh
 (x) mudh csVh dkWyst osQ fu;eksa dk ikyu djrh Fkh 2- ysf[kdk osQ firkth dk LoHkko oSQlk Fkk\
(?k) buesa ls dksbZ ugha (d) Øksèkh ([k) nyk;q
2- ysf[kdk osQ firk dks fdl ckr ij xoZ Fkk\ (x) 'kDdh (?k) Lusgh
(d) viuh csVh osQ Lokèkhurk vkanksyu esa 'kkfey gksus ij 3- dkSu&lk dFku lgh gS\s
([k) csVh n~okjk dkWyst dh d{kk,¡ NksM+us ij (d) ysf[kdk firk osQ LoHkko ls Vdjkrh jghA
(x) csVh dks iqjLdkj feyus ij ([k) ysf[kdk firk osQ LoHkko dks udkjrh jghA
(?k) buesa ls dksbZ ugha (x) ysf[kdk ij firk osQ LoHkko dh xgjh Nki lnk cuh
3- ysf[kdk osQ vuqlkj gdhdr D;k Fkh\ jghA
(d) mlosQ firk us ¯çfliy dh f'kdk;r ij è;ku fn;k (?k) ysf[kdk ij firk dk dksbZ çHkko ugha iM+kA
([k) ysf[kdk osQ dk;ks± ls firk dh lgefr 4- ysf[kdk osQ firk 'kDdh LoHkko osQ D;ksa gks x, Fks\
(x) ¯çfliy dks vuq'kklukRed dk;Zokgh osQ fy, dgk

AN
(d) xjhch osQ dkj.k
(?k) buesa ls dksbZ ugha ([k) vlqj{kk osQ dkj.k

H
4- ysf[kdk voko~Q D;ksa jg xbZ\ (x) Øksèk osQ dkj.k

AS
(d) vius firk osQ ifjo£rr O;ogkj ij (?k) viuksa osQ fo'okl?kkr osQ dkj.k
([k) ¯çfliy dh f'kdk;r lqudj

AK
5- ^vglkl* dk vFkZ gS
(x) Lokèkhurk vkanksyu esa Hkkx ysdj
(d) vuqeku ([k) cksèk
PR
(?k) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
(x) vuqHko (?k) dYiuk
5- ;g rks iwjs ns'k dh iqdkj gSA js[kkafdr 'kCn gSµ mRrj % 1- (?k) 2- (x) 3- (x) 4- (?k) 5- ([k)
S

(d) laKk ([k) loZuke

ER

(x) fuikr (?k) fØ;k VI. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa
mRrj % 1- (d) 2- (d) 3- ([k) 4- (d) 5- (x) osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,µ [CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
TH

?kj dh pkjnhokjh osQ chp cSBdj ns'k dh fLFkfr;ksa dks

V. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa tkuus&le>us dk tks flyflyk firk th us 'kq: fd;k Fkk] mUgksaus
O

osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,µ ogk¡ ls [khapdj mls Hkh fLFkfr;ksa dh lfozQ; Hkkxhnkjh esa cny fn;kA
R

lu~ 46&47 osQ fnu ----- os fLFkfr;k¡] mlesa oSls Hkh ?kj esa cSBs jguk
B

firk th osQ ftl 'kDdh LoHkko ij eSa dHkh HkUuk&HkUuk tkrh Fkh]
vkt ,dk,d vius [kafMr fo'oklksa dh O;Fkk osQ uhps eq>s muosQ laHko Fkk Hkyk\ izHkkr&isQfj;k¡] gM+rkysa] tqywl] Hkk"k.k gj 'kgj dk
L

'kDdh LoHkko dh >yd gh fn[kkbZ nsrh gS--- cgqr ^viuksa* osQ gkFkksa pfj=k Fkk vkSj iwjs ne[ke vkSj tks'k&[kjks'k osQ lkFk bu lcls tqM+uk
YA

fo'okl?kkr dh xgjh O;Fkk ls mitk 'kdA gks'k l¡Hkkyus osQ ckn ls gj ;qok dk mUeknA eSa Hkh ;qok Fkh vkSj 'khyk vxzoky dh tks'khyh
O

gh ftu firk th ls fdlh&u&fdlh ckr ij ges'kk esjh VDdj gh ckrksa us jxksa esa cgrs [kwu dks ykos esa cny fn;k FkkA fLFkfr ;g gqbZ
G

pyrh jgh] os rks u tkus fdrus :iksa esa eq>esa gSa--- dgha oqqaQBkvksa osQ
:i esa] dgha çfrfØ;k osQ :i esa rks dgha çfrPNk;k osQ :i esaA
osQoy ckgjh fHkUurk osQ vkèkkj ij viuh ijaijk vkSj ihf<+;ksa dks
udkjus okyksa dks D;k lpeqp bl ckr dk fcyoqQy vglkl ugha
gksrk fd mudk vklUu vrhr fdl dnj muosQ Hkhrj tM+ tek, cSBk
jgrk gS! le; dk çokg Hkys gh gesa nwljh fn'kkvksa esa cgkdj ys
tk,--- fLFkfr;ksa dk ncko Hkys gh gekjk :i cny ns] gesa iwjh rjg
mlls eqDr rks ugha gh dj ldrk!
1- ysf[kdk dk fo'okl [kafMr gksus dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\
(d) 'kDdh LoHkko ([k) fo'okl?kkr
(x) la?k"kZ (?k) ?kjsyw okrkoj.k osQ dkj.k
6 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
fd ,d coaMj 'kgj esa epk gqvk Fkk vkSj ,d ?kj esaA firk th dh
vk”kknh dh lhek ;gha rd Fkh fd mudh mifLFkfr esa ?kj esa vk,
yksxksa osQ chp mBw¡&cSBw¡] tkuw¡&le>w¡A gkFk mBk&mBkdj ukjs yxkrh]
gM+rkysa djokrh] yM+dksa osQ lkFk 'kgj dh lM+osaQ ukirh yM+dh dks
viuh lkjh vk/qfudrk osQ ckotwn cnkZ'r djuk muosQ fy, eqf'dy
gks jgk Fkk rks fdlh dh nh gqbZ vk”kknh osQ nk;js esa pyuk esjs fy,A
tc jxksa essa ygw dh txg ykok cgrk gks rks lkjs fu"ks/] lkjh otZuk,¡
vkSj lkjk Hk; oSQls èoLr gks tkrk gS] ;g rHkh tkuk vkSj vius
ozQks/ ls lcdks FkjFkjk nsus okys firk th ls VDdj ysus dk tks
flyflyk rc 'kq: gqvk Fkk] jktsanz ls 'kknh dh] rc rd og pyrk
gh jgkA
 (i) x|ka'k esa iz;qDr ^mUgksaus* 'kCn dk iz;ksx gqvk gSµ
(d) ysf[kdk osQ firk osQ fy,
([k) ysf[kdk dh vè;kfidk osQ fy,
(x) ysf[kdk dh ek¡ osQ fy,
(?k) ysf[kdk dh iz/kukpk;kZ osQ fy,
(ii) ysf[kdk osQ firk dh vk”kknh dh lhek Fkhµ
(d) 'kgj osQ fo'ks"k ifjfpr LFkkuksa rd
([k) yksxksa ls feyus&tqyus rd
(x) ?kj dh pkjnhokjh rd (?k) ysf[kdk osQ dkWyst rd
(iii) x|ka'k esa mfYyf[kr lu~ 46&47 esa ns'k esa fLFkfr Fkhµ
(d) ozQakfr dh ygj dh
fLFkfr osQ dkj.k vkSj vf/d foLdkfjr mudk vga mUgsa bl ckr dh
vuqefr ugha nsrk Fkk fd os de&ls&de vius cPpksa dks rks viuh
vkfFkZd foo'krkvksa dk Hkkxhnkj cuk,¡A uokch vknrsa] v/wjh
egRokdka{kk,¡] ges'kk 'kh"kZ ij jgus osQ ckn gkf'k, ij ljdrs pys
tkus dh ;kruk ozQks/ cudj ges'kk ek¡ dks o¡QikrhµFkjFkjkrh jgrh
FkhA viuksa osQ gkFkksa fo'okl?kkr dh tkus oSQlh xgjh pksVsa gksaxh os
ftUgksaus vk¡[k ew¡ndj lcdk fo'okl djus okys firk dks ckn osQ fnuksa
esa bruk 'kDdh cuk fn;k Fkk fd tc&rc ge yksx Hkh mldh pisV
esa vkrs gh jgrsA
(i) ^fxjrh vkfFkZd fLFkfr* dk vfHkizk; gSµ
(d) /u dh vken de gksrs tkuk
([k) /u dk fcyoqQy u gksuk

AN
([k) ;qokvksa dh lfozQ; Hkkxhnkjh dh
(x) vlg;ksx vkanksyu dh (x) /u dh vf/drk (?k) dgha ls /u u feyuk

H
(?k) fons'kh 'kkldksa osQ neu&pozQ dh (ii) fcxM+rh vkfFkZd fLFkfr osQ dkj.k firk thµ

AS
(iv) ^izHkkr&isQfj;k¡* esa lekl gSµ (d) pqi gks x, ([k) nq[kh gks x,
(d) vO;;hHkko ([k) }U} (x) ukjk”k gks x,

AK
(x) cgqozhfg (?k) rRiq#"k PR (?k) mudh ldkjkRedrk de gksus yxh
(v) ysf[kdk osQ firk muls ozQksf/r gksrs Fksµ (iii) ^'kh"kZ ij jgus osQ ckn gkf'k, ij ljdus* dk Hkko gSµ
(d) 'kgj Hkj esa yM+dksa osQ lkFk ?kweus] ukjs yxkus] gM+rkysa (d) mQij ls uhps fxjuk ([k) tku&igpku de gksuk
djokus ij
S

(x) izfr"Bk o lEeku esa deh vkuk

ER

([k) ?kj esa vk, yksxksa osQ chp ysf[kdk osQ mBus&cSBus ij (?k) yksxksa dk nksLrh u fuHkkuk
(x) ysf[kdk }kjk firk th dh ckrksa dk fojks/ djus ij
ek¡ osQ FkjFkjkrs jgus dk dkj.k Fkkµ
TH

(iv)
(?k) ?kj osQ coaMj dh ijokg u djus ij
(d) BaM ls ijs'kku jguk ([k) nqcZy gks tkuk
mRrj % 1- ([k) 2- (x) 3- (d) 4- (?k) 5- (d)
O

(x) firk th dk ozQks/ (?k) ?kj osQ yksxksa dk O;ogkj

R

VII. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa (v) fuEukafdr esa ^vk¡[k ew¡ndj* dk lgh vFkZ gSµ
B

osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,µ [CBSE 2011 (Term-II)] (d) lksp&le>dj ([k) ns[kHkky dj
L

'kk;n fxjrh vkfFkZd fLFkfr us gh muosQ O;fDrRo osQ lkjs (x) b/j&m/j ns[kdj (?k) iw.kZ fo'okl ls
YA

ldkjkRed igyqvksa dks fupksM+uk 'kq# dj fn;kA floqQM+rh vkfFkZd mRrj % 1- (d) 2- (?k) 3- (x) 4- (x) 5- (?k)
O

y?kwRrjkRed ç'uksRrj
G

1- ysf[kdk us cpiu esa dkSu&dkSu ls [ksy] fdlosQ lkFk
[ksys\
mRrj % ysf[kdk us cpiu esa y¡xM+h Vk¡x] idM+e&idM+kbZ] dkyh
Vhyks] xqM~Ms&xqfM+;ksa dk C;kg jpkuk vkfn [ksy viuh cM+h
cgu lq'khyk rFkk vkl&iM+ksl dh lgsfy;ksa osQ lkFk [ksyuk
rFkk irax mM+kuk] xqYyh&MaMk vius Hkkb;ksa osQ lkFk [ksykA
2- ^,d dgkuh ;g Hkh* ikB esa ysf[kdk dHkh Hkh viuh ek¡
dks viuk vkn'kZ D;ksa ugha cuk ikbZ\
[CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
mRrj % ysf[kdk viuh ek¡ dks viuk vkn'kZ blfy, ugha cuk ikbZ
D;ksafd mudh ek¡ ,d R;kxe;h iRuh vkSj eerke;h ek¡ gksrs
gq, Hkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks fdLer le>us okyh vkSjr Fkh tks
fd ysf[kdk dks ilan ugha FkkA
3- ysf[kdk dks mlosQ iM+ksl us fdl çdkj çHkkfor fd;k\
mRrj % ysf[kdk osQ eu ij mlosQ iM+ksl dk cgqr xgjk çHkko FkkA
iM+ksfl;ksa dks ns[krs&lqurs gh muosQ chp gh og cM+h gqbZ FkhA
mudh Nki ysf[kdk osQ eu ij bruh xgjh Fkh fd mudh
dgkfu;ksa esa og Li"V >yd tkrh gSA mudh dgkfu;ksa osQ

7 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN

 ik=k muosQ eksgYys osQ gh gSaA
4- iM+ksl osQ lkFk ^dYpj* 'kCn tksM+us osQ ihNs ysf[kdk osQ
dkSu&ls vuqHko fNis gSa\
mRrj % ysf[kdk osQ le; esa ikl&iM+ksl osQ fdlh Hkh ?kj esa tkus ij
ikcanh ugha jgrh FkhA muosQ lkFk [ksyuk&owQnuk] lq[k&nq[k esa
Hkkxhnkj gksuk] viuk le>dj mUgsa viukiu nsuk] muosQ ?kj
dks viuk ?kj le>ukA ijarq vkt osQ vkèkqfud ifjos'k esa bu
lcdk vHkko gSA yssf[kdk us vius bUgha vuqHkoksa osQ dkj.k
^iM+ksl osQ lkFk dYpj* 'kCn dk ç;ksx fd;k gSA
5- MkWDVj lkgc us ysf[kdk dh ç'kalk D;ksa dh Fkh\
mRrj % MkWDVj lkgc us ysf[kdk dk Hkk"k.k lquk FkkA os bl çdkj
,d yM+dh osQ bruh HkhM+ osQ le{k bruh csckdh ls Hkk"k.k
fn, tkus ij cgqr çlUu FksA mUgsa ysf[kdk dk tks'k] mRlkg
vkSj lkgl cgqr çHkkfor dj x;kA blfy, mUgksaus ysf[kdk
dh ç'kalk dhA
6- ysf[kdk firk th dh fdl fojksèkkHkklh ço`fÙk ij
fopkj djrh gS\
mRrj % ysf[kdk osQ firk ,d vksj rks fof'k"V cuus vkSj cukus dh
çcy ykylk fy, gq, Fks] rks nwljh vksj viuh lkekftd
S
Nfo osQ çfr Hkh mrus gh ltx FksA dHkh rks os ysf[kdk
ER
osQ bl çdkj vkanksyuksa esa Hkkx ysus ij viuk Øksèk çdV
TH
djrs gSa ijarq nwljs gh {k.k ysf[kdk osQ bl çdkj osQ dk;ks±
ij lekt osQ yksxksa n~okjk ç'kalk fd, tkus ij xoZ dk
O
vuqHko Hkh djrs gSaA ysf[kdk firk dh blh fojksèkkHkklh
R
ço`fRr ij fopkj djrh gSA
B
7- ysf[kdk us vius firk dks fdu&fdu :iksa esa vius
L
vanj ik;k\
YA
[CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
mRrj % ysf[kdk us vius firk dh fof'k"V cuus dh pkg] fuMjrk]
O
Hkkoukvksa dh dkseyrk] laosnu'khyrk] ozQks/] oqaQBk] vga]
G
'kadky LoHkko jktuhfr esa lfozQ; Hkkxhnkjh vkfn firk osQ
xq.kksa osQ :i esa vius vanj ik;kA
8- ysf[kdk us fdl MkWDVj lkgc dk f”kØ fd;k gS vkSj D;ks\a
mRrj % ysf[kdk us vtesj osQ MkWDVj vackyky dk f”kØ fd;k gSA
mUgksaus ysf[kdk osQ tks'kiw.kZ Hkk"k.k osQ fy, mls cèkkbZ nhA
mldh [kwc ç'kalk dhA mlls ysf[kdk dk mRlkg c<+kA
ysf[kdk osQ firk viuh csVh osQ Hkk"k.k] gM+rky vkfn esa Hkkx
ysus ls [kq'k ugha Fks rks MkWDVj lkgc us gh mudk eu cnykA
9- ysf[kdk osQ firk bankSj ls vtesj D;ksa vk x,\
mRrj % ysf[kdk osQ firk dks ,d cgqr cM+s vk£Fkd ladV dk
8 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
lkeuk djuk iM+kA og ladV cgqr xgjk Fkk ftlus lc
oqQN [kRe dj fn;kA blfy, mUgsa bankSj NksM+dj vtesj
vkuk iM+kA
10- ysf[kdk dks cpiu esa jlksbZ?kj ls nwj jgus osQ fy,
fdlus vkSj D;ksa etcwj fd;k\
mRrj % ysf[kdk dks cpiu esa jlksbZ?kj ls nwj jgus osQ fy, muosQ
firk us dgk FkkA os jlksbZ?kj dks HkfV;kj[kkuk dgrs FksA jlksbZ
esa dke djus ls euq"; dh lkjh ckSn~fèkd çfrHkk u"V gks
tkrh gSA jlksbZ?kj esa jgdj dksbZ egRoiw.kZ dke ugha gks
ldrkA
11- ysf[kdk esa cpiu esa gh ghu Hkkouk D;ksa vkSj fdl gn
AN
rd ?kj dj xbZ Fkh\
H
mRrj % cpiu esa ysf[kdk osQ firk th cM+h cgu dh cgqr ç'kalk
AS
djrs Fks D;ksafd og xksjh vkSj lqanj FkhA ysf[kdk nqcyh vkSj
dkyh FkhA cM+h cgu ls viuh rqyuk vkSj mldh ç'kalk ls
AK
gh muosQ eu esa ghu Hkkouk ?kj dj xbZA
PR
12- L=kh gksus osQ ckn Hkh ysf[kdk osQ fy, ek¡ dk R;kx
vkn'kZ D;ksa ugha cu ik;k\
mRrj % ysf[kdk dh ek¡ vui<+ FkhaA os firk osQ lkeus nch jgrh FkhaA
os mudh gj mfpr&vuqfpr bPNk dks viuk èkeZ ekudj iwjk
djrh FkhaA cPpksa dh gj f”kn dks iwjk djrh FkhaA la?k"kZ]
fojksèk] LosPNk ls og cgqr nwj FkhaA mUgksaus fn;k gh] dHkh
oqQN pkgk ughaA
13- ysf[kdk firk dh fdl nqcZyrk osQ dkj.k muosQ dksi
dk f'kdkj gksus ls cp xb±\
vFkok
ysf[kdk osQ firk dh lcls cM+h detksjh D;k Fkh
ftlosQ dkj.k ysf[kdk ,d&nks ckj muosQ dksi ls cp
xbZ FkhA [CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
mRrj % ysf[kdk osQ firk th osQ O;fDrRo dh lcls cM+h nqcZyrk Fkh
mudh ;'k&fyIlkA os lekt esa fof'k"V cudj thuk pkgrs
Fks vkSj viuh çfr"Bk cuk, j[kuk pkgrs FksA mudh blh
nqcZyrk dk ykHk ;g gqvk fd os ,d&nks ckj firk osQ dksi
dk f'kdkj gksrs&gksrs cp xb±A ysf[kdk us nks ckj Hkk"k.k vkSj
gM+rky esa [kqydj Hkkx fy;kA firk th bls vuqfpr vkSj
vuq'kklughurk ekurs FksA ¯drq tc firk th osQ fe=kksa us
ysf[kdk osQ lkgl dh ç'kalk dh] rks mudks csVh ij cgqr
xoZ gqvkA
 14- ysf[kdk dks ?kj esa igyh ckj u, fljs ls vius vfLrRo
dk vglkl dc gqvk\
mRrj % tc ysf[kdk dh cM+h cgu dh 'kknh gks xbZ vkSj mlosQ cM+s
HkkbZ i<+kbZ osQ fy, ckgj pys x,A bu yksxksa osQ tkrs gh
firk th dk lkjk è;ku ml ij x;kA rc ysf[kdk dks vius
O;fDrRo dk cksèk gqvkA ysf[kdk osQ firk çcqn~èk O;fDr FksA
os csVh dks Hkh çcqn~èk ukxfjd vkSj usrk cukuk pkgrs FksA og
pkgrs Fks fd ns'k esa py jgs vkanksyuksa osQ ckjs esa og
tkx:d gks] mlesa Hkkx ysA
15- ysf[kdk dks vius vkSj firk osQ LoHkko esa D;k lkE;
fn[kkbZ fn;k\
mRrj % ysf[kdk osQ firk 'kDdh LoHkko osQ FksA os vius lHkh
ifjokjtuksa ij 'kd djus yxs FksA ysf[kdk firk osQ 'kDdh
LoHkko dk fojksèk djrh FkhaA ¯drq le; osQ lkFk firk dk
;g voxq.k mlosQ LoHkko esa Hkh pyk vk;kA
16- ysf[kdk us vius vkRedF; esa fir`xkFkk D;ksa fy[kh\
mRrj % ysf[kdk ;g tkuuk pkgrh Fkh fd firk osQ O;fDrRo dh
dkSu&lh [kwch vkSj [kkfe;k¡ mlosQ O;fDrRo dks çHkkfor dj
jgh gSaA firk osQ }kjk fd, muosQ O;ogkj us ysf[kdk osQ eu
S
esa fdu&fdu xzafFk;ksa dks tUe fn;k gSA
ER
17- ysf[kdk dk fo'okl D;ksa [kafMr gqvk\
TH
mRrj % ysf[kdk dks Hkh mlosQ firk osQ leku muosQ viuksa us gh pksV
O
-iQkWjesfVo vlslesaV osQ fy,
R
B
fØ;kdyki
L
YA
Hkkjr esa Lora=krk laxzke dh fpaxkjh eaxy ikaMs us HkM+dkbZ FkhA
,d NksVh&lh fpaxkjh us /hjs&/hjs fo'kky Tokyk dk :i /kj.k dj
O
fy;k FkkA Hkkjr osQ mRrj&nf{k.k] iwjc&if'pe] loZ=k bl Tokyk dk
G
izHkko iM+kA Hkkjr osQ dksus&dksus ls Lora=krk osQ ukjs yxus yxsA bl
laxzke esa Hkkjr osQ dkSu&ls Hkkx vf/d izHkkfor gq,\ tSls&bykgkckn]
>k¡lh] dkuiqj] dkyih] pVxk¡o] fenukiqj rFkk iatkc osQ NksVs&cM+s
xk¡o vkSj dLcsA Lora=krk vkanksyu dh vkx ls >qylrs bu bykdksa osQ
ckjs esa] ogk¡ osQ yksxksa osQ ckjs esa] mudh ;a=k.kkvksa osQ ckjs esa ,d
izkstsDV rS;kj dhft,A fofHkUu iqLrdksa vkSj ^usV* dh lgk;rk ls fp=k
,oa fo"k;&lkexzh izkIr dj ldrs gSaA
d{kk&dk;Z
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk Nk=kksa ls fuEufyf[kr iz'u iwN ldrs gSaµ

ysf[kdk osQ firk dk LoHkko oSQlk Fkk\ crkb,A
9 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
igq¡pkbZA og ftu ij vVwV fo'okl djrh Fkh] mUgksaus gh
èkks[kk fn;kA blh dkj.k ysf[kdk dk fo'okl [kafMr gqvkA
18- 'khyk vxzoky us ysf[kdk osQ vkRefo'okl dks oSQls
c<+k;k\
mRrj % 'khyk vxzoky ysf[kdk dh ¯gnh çkè;kfidk FkhaA mUgksaus
ysf[kdk dks Lora=krk vkanksyu esa lfØ; :i ls Hkkx ysus dh
çsj.kk nhA mudh tks'khyh ckrksa us ysf[kdk osQ vkRefo'okl
dks c<+k;kA
19- ysf[kdk osQ firk osQ fy, D;k cjnk'r djuk eqf'dy
gks jgk Fkk\
mRrj % ysf[kdk osQ firk ;ksa rks vkèkqfud Fks ¯drq mudh vk”kknh dh
AN
lhek ;gha rd Fkh fd mudh csVh ?kj esa vk, yksxksa osQ lkFk
H
mBs&cSBs] tkus&le>sA ijarq ysf[kdk dk vkanksyu esa tksj&tksj
AS
ls ukjs yxkuk] gM+rkysa djokuk] yM+dksa osQ lkFk lM+dksa ij
tqylw fudkyuk—;s lc cjnk'r djuk firk osQ fy, eqf'dy
AK
gks jgk FkkA
PR
20- lu~ 1946&47 esa fLFkfr;k¡ oSQlh Fkha\ fy[ksaA
mRrj % lu~ 1946&47 esa Hkkjr dk okrkoj.k tks'k vkSj mUekn ls
Hkjiwj FkkA gj 'kgj esa çHkkr isQfj;k¡] gM+rkysa] tqywl vkSj
tks'khys Hkk"k.k fn, tk jgs FksA ns'k osQ ;qok mRlkg vkSj
mUekn osQ lkFk vkanksyu esa tqM+s gq, FksA

ysf[kdk dh ek¡ fdl çdkj dh L=kh Fkha\

vkx&ccwyk gksuk] eq¡g fn[kkuk] jkgr dh lk¡l ysuk] ^Fkw&Fkw*
djuk] dgj cjikuk vkfn eqgkojksa dk ç;ksx djrs gq, okD;
cuk,¡A

^iM+ksl dYpj* D;k gS\ le>kb,A

^HkfV;kj[kkuk* fdls dgk x;k gS\
x`g&dk;Z

ns'k dks Lora=k djkus esa Lora=krk lsukfu;ksa dh Hkwfedk ij
,d ys[k fyf[k,A

xkaèkh th n~okjk pyk;k x;k ^ued lR;kxzg* D;k Fkk\
tkfu,A

ikB osQ vkèkkj ij ysf[kdk n~okjk i<+s x, miU;klksa dh ,d
lwph cukb,A muosQ ys[kdksa osQ uke Hkh irk djsaA

vki vius nSfud vuqHkoksa dks fyf[k,A