The Marcos Administration  Appointment of “technocrats” to
cabinet
1965 National Elections
 Ferdinand Marcos NP 3,861,324 51.94%
Diosdado Macapagal LP 3,187,752
42.88% Raul Manglapus PPP 384,564
5.17% .
 Fernando Lopez NP defeated Gerardo
Roxas LP and Manuel Manahan PPP for
the Vice-presidency
 Macapagal lost the election from the
first counting.
 Manglapus made a very poor showing
– a fact which proves the so-called
Catholic votes a myth.
Marcos
 Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos
Marcos 2nd Term
 September 11, 1917 – September 28,
1989
 Born in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte
 10th President of the Philippines (
December 30, 1965 – February 25,
1986)
 11th President of the Senate of the
Philippines (April 5, 1963 – December
30, 1965)
Marcos 1st Term
 Intensified tax collection.
 Massive foreign borrowing.
 Massive public works projects: roads,
bridges, feeder roads, electric and
water services
 Irrigation development and self-
sufficiency in rice: “Miracle Rice”
 Pork-barrel benefits to his friends.
 Community development to strengthen
the socio-eco-political base of the
country.
 Lapiang Malaya Massacre May 21, 1967
 Limited-implementation of land-reform.
 Economic and military aid from the
United States
 Limited involvement in Vietnam War:
Philcag
 Membership in Asean.
 1966 Manila Summit Conference.
 Non-implementation of Land Reform.
 Jabidah Massacre
 Massive building of “Marcos Type”
schoolhouses
 Revitalization of the judiciary.
 Fight against smuggling.
 Manila North Diversion Road (NLEX)
 Appointment of Carlos P. Romulo as UP
president.
 Marcos NP defeated Sergio Osmeña Jr.
LP in the 1969 elections.
 Fernando Lopez NP defeated Genaro
Magsaysay LP for the Vice presidency
 Elections were the dirtiest so far in Phil.
History: “guns, goons, and gold”
 Marcos spent nearly 1 billion pesos
 Economy deteriorated because of
inflation brought about by massive
election spending.
 Peso is devalued
 Economy hurt by increased fuel prices
worldwide
 Natural calamities wreaked havoc on
agriculture and infrastructure.
 Prices of prime commodities rose.
 Rise of radical student movement:
Kabataang Makabayan.
 Refounding of the communist party
 First Quarter Storm of 1970
 First Papal visit by Pope Paul VI
 1971 Constitutional Convention
 UP Diliman Commune
 Plaza Miranda Bombing
  Suspension of the Writ of Habeas
Corpus
 Rise of Ninoy Aquino as arch rival/critic
 1971 Elections LP defeats NP
 ABS-CBN used against Marcos
 Declaration of Martial Law: Sept. 21,
1972

-Ferdinand was elected President in 1965. The

Philippine national debt used to fund
development projects grew from $2 billion at
the beginning of his term to $26 billion by the
end of 1985.

-Meanwhile, based on World Bank data,

Philippine Annual Gross Domestic Product grew
from $5.27 billion in 1964 to $37.14 billion in
1982, a year prior to the assassination of Ninoy
Aquino.

-Between 1972 and 1979, the Philippines

enjoyed its best economic development since
1945.