Name: Ari Alfiansyah Daulay

Irwan Febriyansah

Representation Of Hooligan As Seen In Green Street Hooligan

Movie

Movie is motion picture that contains text and audio-visual. The text in the
movie is formed as a script, and a script is a document that outlines every aural,
behavioral, and lingual element required to tell a story. Films can make audiences
feel the experience audiences use imagination when they watch it. In movie, the
audiences can create imagination by listening to the audio of the movie and by
seeing the visual of the movie.

A movie's primary purpose is that of entertainment, social awareness,

consciousness, commentary and change are all byproducts that a film may
invoke. From the director point of view, movie is a medium to present the
director’s ideas that criticism and expression related to society, culture and other
issues happened in the world. Then, the movie itself presents a human life that can
influence the society around the world from the past until now. The role of the
director is essential to determine and to attract the audiences because the
audiences watch a movie just for an entertainment. Moreover, after watching a
movie, it has some kind of point to it. In other words, movie has something to say
about some kind of issue: it comments upon this issue, it offers an explicit or
implicit interpretation of the issue. Meaning may also usefully be thought of as the
expression, and communication, of an impression, an observation, a reflection, or
a judgment about something. It may, furthermore, take the form of an argument
about or a critique of this same phenomenon. In sum, to describe a movie as
meaningful suggests that offering a way of making sense of something that it
represents. Movie for any region represent the society, its culture, economy and
all that is associated with human institutions.
 In this paper, researchers want to explain about Hooligan in “Green Street
Hooligan” movie through their habit. According to Cambridge dictionary,
Hooligan is a violent person who fights or causes damage in public places.
Hooligan culture come from England. Hooligan appeared since 1960’s.
Hooliganism includes any form of confrontation between opposing fans which
can occur in a variety of ways before, during, or after the match either at the
stadium or elsewhere. As few as two or as many as thousands of people involved
themselves in the conflict. Less harmful acts include spitting, taunting, and name
calling. This transforms into unarmed fighting and then fighting with objects and
weapons (workman’s knives, baseball bats, and firearms), a more dangerous
result. Fans also throw projectiles onto the pitch (field) and at other
spectators. Objects range from harmless paper cups to bricks and concrete slabs
which can cause serious injury. Deviant acts of hooliganism result from not
abiding to the social norms of sporting events and breaking the law. A hooligan’s
improper behavior becomes labeled as deviant
(https://haenfler.sites.grinnell.edu/).

Green Street Hooligan tells about Matt, a Harvard student who kicked out
weeks before graduation after his roommate frames him for cocaine possession.
Matt moves to London to stay with his sister, Shannon, and her husband, Steve.
Circumstances find him living with Steve's brother, Pete, who is immersed in the
football sub-culture. Pete introduces Matt to the violent life of football hooligans,
a lifestyle where neighborhood fans engage in brutal fights with competing fans.
This is the beginning of how Matt joined the GSE Hooligan group. This movie
also tells about Hooligan’s habit such as violence, vandalism, and gathering in the
pub.

From the explanation above, this research focuses on the representation of

hooligan as seen in the movie Green Street Hooligan. This movie tells about
hooliganism in England. Hooligan culture is a serious problem in the world of
football in England, because they are doing violence activity and broke public
facilities. There aree many activities of hooligan represent in this movie such as
fight with other hooligan group. For example, when West Ham United have a
matchday against Manchester United, Matt and GSE fight against hooligan from
Manchester.

This research uses the representation theory to figure out the

representation of hooligan in the Green Street Hooligan movie. Researchers in
this paper use the Representation theory as a main theory. Researcher apply
representation because the researchers want to get the data and solves the problem
about representation of hooligan more detailed. Researchers choose the
representation theory as the main theory because the problem of this research is
more suitable to answer using it.

Representation is the activity of human to produce meaning uses a

function of symbol and a particular of sound through the language as a sign, then
deliver the meaning. Stuart Hall argues that signs may also have a material
dimension. Representational systems consist of the actual sounds we make with
our vocal chords, the images we make on light-sensitive paper with cameras, the
marks we make with paint on canvas, the digital impulses we transmit
electronically. Representation is a practice, a kind of ‘work’, which uses material
objects and effects. However, the meaning depends not on the material quality of
the sign, but on its symbolic function. It is because a particular sound or word
stands for, symbolizes or represents a concept that it can function, in language, as
a sign and convey meaning – or, as the constructionists say, signify (sign-i-fy).
(Hall, 1997: 25-26).

Research Question
Based on the background of study stated in this research, the researcher
discusses a following question:
 How is the representation of Hooligan in the Green Street Hooligan
movie?
Discussion

In Green Street Hooligan movie, director try to represent hooligan through

their habits such as chanting, go to the stadium and watch football match, fight
with other hooligan group, rivality and fight with other hooligan group, gather in
the pub and drink alcohol and make their own identitiy with tatoo. So, researchers
will divide the evidence of representation hooligan by the variable that researchers
have mentioned above.

1. Chanting
Every hooligan has their own chant depending on their favotite club. In
Green Steet Hooligan movie, the GSE group shown that they support West Ham
United. So, They are singing West Ham United chant.

Pete Dunham and his friends sing West Ham United Chant in Subway
In the next scene when Pete come to Steve Dunham house, former GSE major, he
also sings West Ham United chant in front of Steve’s baby.

Pete sings West Ham chant in front of Steve’s baby.

 2. Going to the stadium and watching football match
Hooligan comes to stadium to support their favourite football teams.
Usually, hooligan comes together to stadium and singing the chants while they are
walking. In this scene, Green Street Elite sings “I’m Forever Blowing Bubbles”,
the official anthem of West Ham United and it is played before the match.

GSE goes to stadium and singing their chant (24:02-24:15)

The next scene, Matt and GSE enter the stadium to watch West Ham United
match. They keep singing their chant to support West Ham United during the
match. In this scene, Matt, Pete and GSE enjoy the match and keep intimidating
guest team. This is also what hooligan do in real life. They sing the chant and also
mocking enemy team.

Matt, Pete, and GSE member watch football match in stadium.

 3. Rivality
In the Green Street Hooligan movie, director represents about hooliganism
which is related with real habit of hooligan. One of their habit is fight with other
hooligan group. Green Street Elite has many rivals in this movie. Everytime they
go to stadium, they always meet their rival. In this movie, director puts three
hooligan groups as the rival of Green Street Elite. They are Zulu Birmingham, a
hooligan group of Birmingham City Fc, Manchester United hooligan group, and
Millwall Buswackers, a hooligan group of Millwall F.C. Green Street Elite always
fight against other hooligan to show their supremacy and power.

Green Street elite fights against Zulu hooligan group.

In this scene, Matt and half of GSE member being blocked by Zulu. So, they must
fight against Zulu hooligan group to defend their honor as the most feared
hooligan grouop in England. In the next scene, Green Street Elite goes to
Manchester to support West Ham United. They also fight against hooligan group
from Manchester. Previously, the Manchester United hooligan group have been
waiting for GSE in front of station. But, Bouver cahnges the plan by pressing the
emergency button. Then, they stoped at a small station and they continue their
journey by riding a cargo car. After they arrive Manchester Station, they fight
with the hooligan group from Manchester.
 Green Street Elite fight against hooligan group of Manchester United
The last representation about rivality is when Green Street Elite meets Millwall
Bushwackers in an open place. This is the biggest fight in this movie because
almost all the member of Green Street Elite and Millwal Bushwackers involve in
this fighting. Unfortunatelly, Pete Dunham dies in this fight because he has serius
injury after Tommy Hatcher, a major of Millwall Bushwackers hits and punchs
him repeatedly.

Green Street Elite fights against Millwall Bushwackers.

4. Identity

Hooligan has their own unique identity and it can makes difference with
normal people. Usually, they use coach jacket, winter coat, tracktp jacket, bucket
hat and many more. But, in this paper, researchers focus on one identity that make
someone can be called hooligan. In this film,the identity of hooligan represents by
tattoo. Every hooligan has different tattoo depends on their favourite club. In this
film, Matt, the new member of Green Street Elite decides to make tattoo at his
chest because, he really loves West Ham United. So he makes a tattoo with West
Ham United logo to represent that he belongs to one hooligan group, that is Green
Street Elite.

Matt makes a new tattoo as identity of GSE.

5. Gathering in the pub

The last hooligan’s habit is gathering in the pub. They always drink
alcohol and talk about preivous match their favourite club. In this movie, Green
Street Hooligan always gathers in one pub. They also drink alcohol while they
have conversation. This is the first place when Pete invites Matt to join GSE. Pete
introduces Matt to his friend, but unfortunately not all of them accept the
existance of Matt. After Pete introduces Matt to all GSE member, he invites Matt
to watch football match with GSE.

Pete introduces Matt to GSE member.

List of camera shots in Green Street Hooligan movie:

Variable By field size By camera placement

1. Chanting 1st picture: Medium shot Low angle shot

2nd picture: Medium shot Shoulder level

2. Going to 1st picture: Extreme long shot Aerial shot

Stadium
2nd picture: Long shot Low angle shot

3. Rivality 1st picture: Long shot Shoulder level

2nd picture: Extreme long Aerial shot

shot
3rd picture: Extreme long shot Aerial shot

4. Identity 1st picture: Close up shot Point of view shot

5. Gathering in 1st picture: American shot Shoulder level

The Pub (3/4 shot)

Refferences:

https://haenfler.sites.grinnell.edu/

Hall, Stuart, Introduction in Hall , S. (ed) Representation: cultural repesentations

and signifying picture. London: Sage, 1997.