1.

Variation is completely relative where in the individual health, lifestyle factors or performance
of test. Predicted values are based on averages.
2. It takes a while for passive relaxation to occur so muscle driven inspiratory flow tends to be
quicker and sharper than passive expiratory flow which is more drawn out.
3. Residual volume is a predicted value because it is the amount of air left in the lungs after a
maximum exhale. The spirometer can’t be measure inside the lungs.
4. D
5. The ratio tells us the maximum amount of air that can be forcefully pushed out by the lungs, and
how efficient the lungs are at exhaling forcefully as quickly as possible. The significance is that it
describes the effectiveness of how well an individual lungs can turn over its volume in 1 sec and
it can show any possible obstructive lung disease that the volunteer has, such as asthma or
bronchitis.
6. No, because people have different lung capacity and muscle strength. It is also possible that the
volunteer is tired