Question Bank in Hindi Class X (Term-II) Course A
13 ekuoh; d#.kk dh fnO; ped
los'Z oj n;ky lDlsuk
ikB dk laf{kIr ifjp;
laLej.k 'kSyh esa jfpr bl ikB dk lacaèk iQknj dkfey
cqYosQ ls gSA Hkkjr dks viuh deZHkwfe cukus okys iQknj cqYosQ dk
tUe csfYt;e (;wjksi) osQ jSElpSiy 'kgj esa gqvk FkkA os fganh dks
jk"VªHkk"kk osQ :i esa ns[kuk pkgrs FksA izfln~èk vaxzsth&fganh dks'k
iQknj cqYosQ n~okjk gh rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA iQknj cqYosQ ikjaifjd
ikB dk lkj
csfYt;e osQ jsElpSiy esa tues iQknj cqYosQ cpiu ls gh
vR;ar laosnu'khy FksA buosQ LoHkko dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa 'kkafr]
d#.kk vkSj eerk dks ns[kdj ek¡ us cpiu esa gh buosQ cM+s gksdj
laU;klh cuus dh ?kks"k.kk dj nh FkhA lpeqp bathfu;fjax dh vafre
o"kZ dh i<+kbZ dks NksM+dj iknjh cuus dh mUgksaus fofèkor f'k{kk
yhA Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk laosnu'khyrk dks ns[krs
gq, mUgksaus Hkkjr vkus dh 'krZ Hkh j[kh vkSj Hkkjr vk x,A iQknj
ER
osQ firk O;olk;h FksA ,d HkkbZ iknjh vkSj ,d ifjokj osQ lkFk
TH
jgdj viuk dke djus okyk FkkA firk vkSj Hkkb;ksa ls mudk
fo'ks"k yxko ugha FkkA gk¡] cgqr fnuksa rd fookg u dj fpark iSnk
O
djus okyh vkSj ckn esa fookg djus okyh ,d ftn~nh vkSj l[r
R
fe”kk”k cgu Hkh FkhA ek¡ dh mUgsa cgqr ;kn vkrh FkhA muosQ i=kksa
B
dks os vius fe=k j?kqoa'k dks fn[kkrs jgrs FksA
L
Hkkjr vkus ij ftlsV la?k esa nks lky rd iQknj cqYosQ us iknfj;ksa
YA
osQ chp èkekZpkj dh f'k{kk izkIr dhA 9&10 o"kZ rd nkftZfyax esa
O
jgdj vè;;u dk;Z fd;kA dydRrk (dksydkrk) esa jgrs gq, ch-
G
,- rFkk bykgkckn ls ,e-,- dh ijh{kk,¡ mRrh.kZ dha A iz ; kx
fo'ofon~;ky; osQ fganh foHkkx ls lu 1950 esa 'kksèk izcèa k ^jkedFkk%
mRifRr vkSj fodkl* fy[kkA jk¡ph esa lsVa tsfo;lZ dkWyt s osQ fganh rFkk
laLÑr foHkkx osQ foHkkxkè;{k osQ :i esa mUgksua s dk;Z fd;kA mUgksaus
ekrjfyad osQ izfln~èk ukVd ^Cyw cMZ* dk :ikarj ^uhyk iaNh* osQ uke
ls fd;kA ckbfcy dk vuqokn fd;kA ,d vaxt sz h&fganh dks'k Hkh rS;kj
dj fganh osQ izfr viuk izse izdV fd;kA iQknj Hkkjr esa jgrs gq,
nks&rhu ckj gh vius ns'k csfYt;e x,A
ys[kd dk ifjp; iQknj ls bykgkckn esa jgrs gq, gqvk vkSj
fnYyh vkus ij Hkh cuk jgkA ifjey esa gqbZ eqykdkrksa osQ nkSjku
muosQ egku O;fDrRo ls izHkkfor gksdj muosQ lkFk ikfjokfjd
1 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
vFkZ esa laU;klh ugha FksA ys[koQ osQ lkFk muosQ ?kfu"B lacaèkksa dh
>yd gesa bl laLej.k esa feyrh gSA ys[kd dk ekuuk gS fd tc
rd jkedFkk gS] bl fons'kh Hkkjrh; lkèkq dks ;kn fd;k tk,xk rFkk
mUgsa fganh Hkk"kk vkSj cksfy;ksa osQ vxkèk izse dk mnkgj.k ekuk
tk,xkA
AN
H
AS
lacaèk cu x,A uhyh vk¡[kksa okys xksjs jax osQ iQknj viuh >k¡bZ
ekjrh Hkwjh nk<+h osQ lkFk yacs lI+ksQn pksxs esa fyiVs jgrsA bZ'oj esa
AK
mudh xgjh vkLFkk FkhA lHkh osQ izfr muesa okRlY; meM+rk jgrkA
os fufyZIr gksdj g¡lh&etkd vkSj xksf"B;ksa esa 'kkfey gksrs FksA
PR
xaHkhj cglksa esa vkSj ppkZvksa ij csckd jk; nsrs FksA fiz;tuksa osQ
lHkh mRloksa vkSj laLdkjksa esa] eqf'dy ?kfM+;ksa esa Hkh 'kkfey gksdj
S
cM+s HkkbZ vkSj iqjksfgrksa tSls vk'kh"k nsrs vkSj viuRo trkrs FksA
muosQ laioZQ esa vkus okyk mudh d#.kk ls Hkhx tkrk vkSj deZ
dk ,d u;k ladYi ysus dks izsfjr gksrk FkkA
ys[kd dks iSra hl o"kZ rd iQknj ls viuRo dk ojnku feyk FkkA
ys[kd bykgkckn dh lM+dksa ij lkbfdy pykrs iQknj osQ ikl
nkSM+dj pyk vkrk] mudh lkbfdy jksd nsrk vkSj vius i<+us dh
tkudkjh nsrk Fkk] ijarq os dHkh vkos'k esa ugha vkrs Fks vkSj u gh
Øksfèkr gksrs FksA ys[kd us vius iq=k dks igyh ckj vUu f[kyk, tkus
osQ laLdkj osQ volj ij iQknj dh vk¡[kksa esa rSjrs okRlY; dk vuqHko
fd;k FkkA iRuh vkSj iq=k dh e`R;q ij iQknj dh nh lkaRouk esa ^^gj
ekSr fn[kkrh gS thou dks ubZ jkg** dgh iafDr us ys[kd dks ,d
vuks[kh 'kkafr iznku dh FkhA okLro esa iQknj dh lkaRouk osQ nks 'kCn
cM+s ls cM+s nq[k esa Hkh xgjh riL;k osQ ckn feyus okyh] vuks[ks
thou dh ekxZn'kZd jks'kuh iznku djrs FksA
iQknj vius vdkV~; rdks± ls fganh dks jk"Vªh; ,drk dh n`<+rk
esa lgkf;dk fln~èk djrs Fks rFkk mls jk"VªHkk"kk cukus ij tksj nsrs FksA os
fganh Hkkf"k;ksa dks gh fganh dh mis{kk djus ij >q¡>ykrs vkSj nq[kh
gks tkrs FksA
iQknj dh e`R;q fnYyh esa tgjckn ls ihfM+r gksdj gqbZA vafre
le; esa mudh nksuksa gkFkksa dh v¡xqfy;k¡ lwt xbZ FkhaA fnYyh esa
jgdj Hkh ys[kd dks mudh chekjh vkSj mifLFkfr dk Kku u gksus
ij cgqr viQlksl gqvkA 18 vxLr] 1982 dh lqcg nl cts
d'ehjh xsV osQ fudylu dczxkg esa mudk rkcwr ,d uhyh xkM+h
ls j?kqoa'k th osQ csVs] ifjtu jkts'oj flag vkSj oqQN iknfj;ksa us
mrkjk vkSj vafre Nksj ij isM+ksa dh ?kuh Nk;k ls <dh dcz rd
ys tk;k x;kA mifLFkr yksxksa esa tSusanz oqQekj] fot;sanz Lukrd]
vftr oqQekj] MkW- fueZyk tSu] bykgkckn osQ izfln~èk foKku f'k{kd
MkW- lR;izdk'k] MkW- j?kqoa'k] elhgh leqnk; osQ yksx vkSj iknjh&x.k
FksA iQknj osQ e`r 'kjhj dks dcz ij fyVkus osQ ckn jk¡ph osQ iQknj
ikLdy rks;uk us elhgh fofèk ls vafre laLdkj fd;kA fiQj ¶iQknj
'kCnkFkZ ,oa fVIif.k;k¡
tgjckn ¾ xSaxzhu] ,d rjg dk ”kgjhyk vkSj d"Vlkè; iQksM+k_
vkLFkk ¾ fo'okl] Jn~èkk_ nsgjh ¾ ngyh”k_ iknjh ¾ bZlkbZ èkeZ
dk iqjksfgr ;k vkpk;Z_ vkrqj ¾ vèkhj] mRlqd_ fufyZIr ¾ vklfDr
jfgr] tks fyIr u gks_ vkos'k ¾ tks'k_ yckyc ¾ Hkjk gqvk_
èkekZpkj ¾ èkeZ dk ikyu ;k vkpj.k_ :ikarj ¾ fdlh oLrq dk
cnyk gqvk :i_ vdkV~; ¾ tks dV u losQ] tks ckr dkVh u
tk losQ_ fojy ¾ de feyus okyh_ rkcwr ¾ 'ko ;k eqnkZ ys
tkus okyk lanwd ;k cDlk_ djhy ¾ >kM+h osQ :i esa mxus okyk
S
lesfVo vlslesaV osQ fy,
ER
,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- ikB~;iqLrd osQ iz'uksRrj
TH
1- iQknj dh mifLFkfr nsonkj dh Nk;k tSlh D;ksa yxrh
O
Fkh\ [CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
R
mRrj % iQknj dk O;ogkj lHkh osQ lkFk lnk e/qj gksrk FkkA os lHkh
B
dks lgt gh viuk ysrs FksA dksbZ mudh eerk dks Hkqyk ugha
L
ikrk FkkA mRloksa vkSj laLdkjksa esa os cM+s HkkbZ vkSj iqjksfgr dh
YA
rjg mifLFkr jgdj lHkh dks viuk vk'kh"k nsrs FksA Øksèk
O
vkSj vkos'k ls nwj mudh vk¡[kksa esa gj le; okRlY; rSjrk
G
jgrk FkkA ftl izdkj nsonkj dk o`{k viuh ?kuh Nk;k ls
lcdks 'khryrk iznku djrk gS] mlh izdkj iQknj vius
okRlY; vkSj vk'kh"k opuksa ls lcdks 'khryrk iznku djrs FksA
2- ^iQknj cqYosQ Hkkjrh; laLÑfr osQ vfHkUu vax gSaA* fdl
vkèkkj ij ,slk dgk x;k gS\ [CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
mRrj % iQknj cqYosQ dh Hkkjrh; laLÑfr esa xgjh #fp FkhA blh
dkj.k os Hkkjr esa vkdj cl x,A fganh dks jk"VªHkk"kk cukus
osQ fy, os lnSo vius vdkV~; rdks± osQ n~okjk iz;Ru'khy
jgsA mUgksaus fganh esa ,e-,- fd;k vkSj jkedFkk ij vkèkkfjr
'kksèk dk fo"k;µ^jkedFkk% mRifRr vkSj fodkl* gh pqukA
mUgksaus lsaV tsfo;lZ dkWyst esa fganh vkSj laLÑr osQ foHkkxkè;{k
2 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
cqYosQ èkjrh esa tk jgs gSaA bl èkjrh ls ,sls jRu vkSj iSnk gksa¸
dgdj muosQ thou vkSj deks± osQ izfr viuh Jn~èkkatfy vfiZr
dhA MkW- lR;izdk'k us Hkh viuh Jn/katfy esa muosQ vuqdj.kh;
thou dks ueu fd;kA
iQknj cqYosQ us lHkh dks thou dk ve`r fiyk;k] fiQj Hkh bZ'oj
us muosQ fy, ”kgjckn tSlh chekjh dk fo/ku D;ksa fn;kA ys[kd le>
ugha ik;kA mls ;g vU;k;iw.kZ yxkA ys[kd i- Qknj dks ,d ,sls l?ku
o`{k dh miek nsrk gS] tks viuh ?kuh Nk;k] iQy] iwQy vkSj xaèk ls lcdk
gksus osQ ckn Hkh lcls vyx vkSj loZJs"B FkkA
AN
,d d¡Vhyk vkSj fcuk iRrs dk ikSèkk_ xSfjd olu ¾ lkèkqvksa n~okjk
èkkj.k fd;k tkus okyk xs#vk oL=k_ Jn~èkkur ¾ izse vkSj HkfDr;qDr
H
iwT; Hkko_ jxksa ¾ ulksa_ foèkku ¾ fu;e_ vfLrRo ¾ Lo:i_ pksxk
AS
¾ yack <hyk&<kyk vkxs ls [kqyk enkZuk igukok_ lk{kh ¾ xokg_
AK
xksf"B;k¡ ¾ lHkk,¡_ okRlY; ¾ eerk dk Hkko_ nsg ¾ 'kjhj_
mis{kk ¾ è;ku u nsuk_ viuRo ¾ viukuk_ l¡djh ¾ de pkSM+h]
PR
iryh_ ladYi ¾ bjknkA
dk dk;Z Hkh liQyrkiwoZd fd;kA ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd
os Hkkjrh; laLÑfr osQ vfHkUu vax FksA
3- ikB esa vk, mu izlaxksa dk mYys[k dhft,] ftuesa iQknj
cqYosQ dk fganh&izse izdV gksrk gS\
[CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
mRrj % vius fopkjksa osQ vuq:i Hkkjr vkdj iQknj ;gk¡ cl x,A
mUgsa fganh iwjs ns'k dks ,drk osQ lw=k esa ck¡èkus vkSj n`<+ cukus
okyh Hkk"kk yxhA os fganh dks jk"VªHkk"kk osQ :i esa ns[kuk
pkgrs FksA fganh Hkkf"k;ksa osQ n~okjk fganh dh mis{kk mUgsa xgjk
nq[k nsrh FkhA fganh dks jk"VªHkk"kk cukus osQ fy, os lnk eap
ls vdkV~; roZQ nsrs FksA mUgksaus bykgkckn ls fganh esa ,e-,-
fd;kA lu 1950 esa iz;kx fo'ofon~;ky; osQ fganh foHkkx ls
'kksèkizcaèk ^jkedFkk % mRifRr vkSj fodkl* iwjk fd;kA ^uhyk
iaNh* osQ uke ls ekrjfyad osQ izfln~èk ukVd ^Cyw cMZ* dk
fganh esa :ikarj.k fd;kA tsfo;lZ dkWfyt jk¡ph esa fganh vkSj
laLÑr osQ foHkkxkè;{k Hkh cusA vaxt zs h&fganh dk ,d 'kCndks'k
rS;kj fd;kA ckbfcy dk Hkh fganh esa vuqokn dj Hkkjrokfl;ksa
dks mldk Kku djk;kA
 4- bl ikB osQ vkèkkj ij iQknj dkfey cqYosQ dh tks Nfo
mHkjrh gS] mls vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
mRrj % iQknj cqYosQ ikjaifjd vFkZ esa laU;klh u FksA muosQ ân; esa
n;k vkSj d#.kk dk okl FkkA os ijksidkjh ,oa lân; O;fDr
FksA os fdlh ij Øks/ ugha djrs FksA lHkh ij viuk okRlY;
yqVkrs FksA mudh e/qj ok.kh ?kkoksa ij ejge dk dke djrh
FkhA mudk O;fDrRo cgqr vkd"kZd Fkk vkSj mudk thou
vR;ar lknk FkkA
5- ys[kd us iQknj cqYosQ dks ^ekuoh; d#.kk dh fnO;*
ped D;ksa dgk gS\ [CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
mRrj % ys[kd us iQknj cqYosQ dks ^ekuoh; d#.kk dh fnO; ped*
blfy, dgk gS D;ksafd muosQ ân; esa izR;sd nhu&nq[kh osQ
fy, d#.kk Hkjh gqbZ FkhA os lHkh ij viuk Lusg yqVkrs FksA
nwljksa osQ nq[kksa esa 'kkfey gksrs FksA viuh d#.kk ls yksxksa dks
/S;Z c¡/krs FksA os fj'rksa dks thou Hkj fuHkkrs FksA fdlh ij
Øks/ ugha djrs FksA d#.kk Hkko muosQ O;fDrRo dk vfHkUu
vax FkkA
6- iQknj cqYosQ us laU;klh dh ijaijkxr Nfo ls vyx ,d
ubZ Nfo izLrqr dh gSA oSQls\
mRrj % ijaijkxr laU;klh bZ'oj dh osQoy HkfDr] KkuktZu vFkok
ER
Kku nsus esa gh viuk le; O;rhr djrs gSaA os fdlh osQ ?kj
ugha vkrs&tkrsA iQknj cqYosQ bu vFkks± esa laU;klh ugha FksA os
TH
fj'rksa dks thou Hkj fuHkkrs FksA mUgsa vius ifjokj dh fpark
Hkys gh u FkhA ¯drq os ys[kd osQ lq[k&nq[k osQ Hkkxh FksA
O
7- vk'k; Li"V dhft,&
R
(d) ue vk¡[kksa dks fxuuk L;kgh iSQykuk gSA
B
[CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
L
YA
([k) i- Qknj dks ;kn djuk ,d mnkl 'kkar laxhr dks
lquus tSlk gSA [CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
O
mRrj % (d) i- Qknj cqYosQ ekuork dh lk{kkr ewfrZ FksA muosQ laioZQ
G
esa vkus okyk gj dksbZ muls izHkkfor gks tkrk Fkk]
blfy, muosQ vafre laLdkj esa cgqr yksx 'kkfey
gq,A ys[kd osQ fy, oqQN ifjfpr Fks] oqQN vifjfprA
lHkh dh vk¡[kssa iQknj osQ fuèku ij cg jgh FkhaA vr%
lHkh dk mYys[k djuk nq[k dk izn'kZu djuk Fkk] tks
vkSipkfjdrk ls Hkjk gksdj eqf'dy Hkh FkkA
([k) i- Qknj ,d 'kkar] d#.kk ls Hkjs] lHkh osQ nq[k&lq[k esa
iw.kZr% 'kkfey gksdj lnk viuRo nsus okys vkSj lcosQ
gksdj Hkh lcls vyx vkSj lcls Å¡ps euq"; FksA ,d
ckj muosQ laioZQ esa vk;k O;fDr mUgsa ugha Hkqyk ikrk
FkkA mudh Le`fr lHkh dks cgqr lqowQu nsrh FkhA mudks
3 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
;kn djuk ,d mnkl 'kkar laxhr dks lquus tSlk cu
tkrk FkkA
jpuk vkSj vfHkO;fDr
8- vkiosQ fopkj ls cqYosQ us Hkkjr vkus dk eu D;ksa
cuk;k gksxk\
mRrj % -iQknj osQ eu esa Hkkjr osQ izfr vlhe Jn~/k FkhA os Hkkjrh;
laLÑfr] ;gk¡ dh jhfr;ksa vkSj Hkk"kk ¯gnh ls ifjfpr gksuk
pkgrs FksA ¯gnh lkfgR; o vU; Hkk"kkvksa osQ lkfgR; dks i<+us
vkSj le>us dh viuh bPNk dh iwfrZ djus rFkk fo'o osQ
lcls iqjkus ¯gnw èkeZ osQ eeZ (jgL;) dks tkuus osQ fy,
mUgksaus Hkkjr vkus dk eu cuk;k gksxkA
AN
9- ¶cgqr laqnj gS esjh tUeHkwfe µ jSElpSiyA¸ bl iafDr esa
H
-iQknj cqYosQ dh viuh tUeHkwfe osQ izfr dkSu&lh Hkkouk,¡
AS
vfHkO;Dr gksrh gSa\ vki viuh tUeHkwfe osQ ckjs esa D;k
lksprs gSa\
AK
mRrj % -iQknj dks viuh tUeHkwfe ls csgn yxko FkkA viuh
laosnu'khyrk] d#.kk vkSj 'kkafr dks os ekr`Hkwfe dh gh nsu
PR
ekurs FksA ek¡ vkSj mldh dHkh u HkqykbZ tk ldus okyh
eerk Hkh ekr`Hkwfe dk gh ojnku FkhA Hkkjr esa jgrs gq, Hkh
S
os Hkkoqd gks ^^cgqr lqanj gS esjh tUeHkwfe¸ dg mBrs FksA os
rhu ckj csfYt;e x,A os ekr`Hkwfe ls dHkh m½.k u gksus
okyk Hkko j[krs FksA
ge Hkh viuh tUeHkwfe Hkkjro"kZ osQ ckjs esa ;gh lksprs gSa fd
gekjk thou] lq[k&le`n~fèk vkSj lHkh miyfCèk;k¡ ekr`Hkwfe
dh gh nsu gSaA fo'o dh Js"B laLÑfr ls tqM+dj Js"B euq";
cu ikus dk xkSjo ekr`Hkwfe osQ dkj.k gh laHko gks ldk gSA
vr% ge vius NksVs&cM+s lHkh dkeksa ls blosQ xkSjo dks
c<+k,¡xsA ns'k dh HkkSfrd O;oLFkk dks lqanj vkSj lqjf{kr j[ksaxs
rFkk ”k:jr iM+us ij viuk cfynku rd djus dks rRij cusaxsA
Hkk"kk vè;;u
10- ^esjk ns'k Hkkjr* fo"k; ij 200 'kCnksa dk fucaèk fyf[k,A
mRrj % esjk ns'k Hkkjr LoxZ ls Hkh lqanj gSA ns'k vFkkZr jktuhfrd
lhek ls f?kjk ,d Hkw&HkkxA ml HkwHkkx esa jgus okys yksxksa dk
ml ij vfèkdkj gksrk gSA ns'k vius fuokfl;ksa dh lok±xh.k
mUufr dk ekè;e gksrk gS] blfy, mlosQ izfr gekjk drZO;
lcls cM+k drZO; cu tkrk gS fdlh dfo us Lons'k&izse dh
egRrk dks bl izdkj dgk gSµ
tks Hkjk ugha gS Hkkoksa ls] cgrh ftlesa jlèkkj ughaA
og ân; ugha] og iRFkj gS] ftlesa Lons'k dk I;kj ughaAA
 Hkkjr osQ mRrj esa fgeky; mlosQ eqoqQV&lk 'kksfHkr gks bldh
j{kk djrk gSA nf{k.k esa fgan egklkxj fujarj blosQ ifo=k pj.kksa
dks èkksrk gSA xaxk o ;equk osQ lkFk vusd cM+h ufn;ksa dh
dy&dy cgrh ve`re;h èkkjk,¡ bls gjhfrek dh pknj vks<+krh
gSaA lriqM+k] foaè;kpy uhyfxfj dh nwj&nwj rd iSQyh ioZr
kÜ [a` kykvksa] iBkjksa] eSnkuksa vkSj jsfxLrku oQk foLr`r lkezkT;] Å¡pkbZ
ls èkqvk¡èkkj cgrs >juksa dk peRdkjh lkSan;Z tSls eu dks ck¡èk
ysrk gSA mRrj esa d'ehj ls ysdj nf{k.k esa dU;koqQekjh rd
vkSj iwoZ esa vle ls ysdj if'pe esa xqtjkr rd izkÑfrd
'kksHkk viuh fofoèkrk esa banzèkuq"kh izHkko cukrh gSA xzh"e] o"kkZ]
'kjn] gsera ] f'kf'kj vkSj olar osQ :i esa Ng ½rqvksa dk ges'kk
esyk yxk jgrk gSA d'ehj èkjrh dk LoxZ gSA My >hy osQ
f'kdkjs tSls uhys vkleku dh lSj djkrs gSaA xqIr th Hkkjr dh
izkÑfrd lqanjrk dks ns[k dg mBrs Fksµ
uhykacj ifjèkku gfjr rV ij lqanj gS]
lw;Zpanz ;qx&eqoqQV es[kyk jRukdkj gSA
ufn;k izse izokg] >wys rkjks eaMy gSa
canhtu [kx&oàn] 'ks"k iQu flagklu gSA
elwjh] f'keyk] nsgjknwu] èkeZ'kkyk] nkftZfyax vkSj ÅVh dk
izkÑfrd lkSan;Z tSls vius lkFk LoxZ dks izR;{k dj nsrk gSA
S
Hkkjr dh laLÑfr fo'o dh lcls egku laLÑfr gSA bldh
ER
fo'ks"krk fofoèkrk esa ,drk gSA ;gk¡ fganw] eqlyeku] bZlkbZ]
fl[k] ikjlh] ckSn~èk vkSj tSu èkeks± dks viukus okys yksx
TH
jgrs gSaA lHkh vius jhfr&fjok”kksa] ekU;rkvksa osQ vuqlkj
O
èkkfeZd fujis{krk osQ lkFk lkaiznkf;d ,drk dks cuk, j[krs
R
gSaA jk[kh] gksyh] nhokyh] eqgjZe] bZn] n'kgjk vkSj fØlel
B
tSls R;ksgkjksa dks fey&tqy dj eukus dh vuks[kh ijaijk gSA
jke] Ñ".k] xkSre] xkaèkh dk ;g ns'k lnk ls 'kkafr] vfgalk
L
YA
vkSj d#.kk dk mikld jgk gSA
^ijfgr lfjl èkeZ ufga HkkbZ* esa fo'okl djus okyk Hkkjr viuh
O
olqèkSo oqQVqca deq osQ egku n'kZu osQ lkFk viuh vuwBh laLÑfr
G
dks cuk ik;k gSA iwjk fo'o ,d gh ijekRek dh nsu gS] vr%
lHkh osQ izfr izse] lHkh ls viuRo LFkkfir dj fujarj vkxs
c<+rk Hkkjr vk”kknh osQ ckn vkt iqu% vius lksus dh fpfM+;k
gksus osQ izkphu xkSjo dks u, lanHkks± esa lkdkj djus tk jgk
gSA vkradokn] csdkjh] xjhch] vf'k{kk] tula[;k o`n~f/]
Hkz"Vkpkj tSlh dksus&dksus dh xaHkhj leL;kvksa ls tw>rk gqvk
Hkkjr ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk dks cuk, j[kus esa liQy gSA lwpuk
izkSn~;ksfxdh dh Økafr f'k{kk&in~èkfr esa gq, vkewy ifjorZu vkSj
oaQI;wVj iz;ksx dk ckgqY; vkt Hkkjr dks bDdhloha lnh esa
fo'o osQ vxz.kh ns'kksa esa LFkku fnykus dks foo'k gSaA
egkiq#"kksa dh rjg eSa Hkh Hkkjr osQ fy, ,d liuk ns[krk gw¡A
4 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
og ,d ,slk liuk gS] ftlesa viuh xfjek osQ lkFk Hkkjr
HkkSfrd :i esa Hkh fo'o dk fljekSj cus vkSj eSa mldk
ukxfjd dgyk èkU; cuw¡A fiQj Hkh ;gh dgw¡ µ ru lefiZr]
eu lefiZrA D;k vki Hkh esjs lkFk gSa\ D;ksa u gksa D;ksafd
vkidk ns'k gh esjk ns'k Hkkjr gSA
11- vkidk fe=k gMlu ,aMªh vkWLVªsfy;k esa jgrk gSA mls bl
ckj dh xehZ dh NqV~fV;ksa osQ nkSjku Hkkjr osQ ioZrh;
izns'kksa osQ Hkze.k gsrq fueaf=kr djrs gq, i=k fyf[k,A
mRrj % ijh{kk Hkou
ubZ fnYyh
fnukad % 3&4&2010
fiz; fe=k gMlu ,aMªh]
AN
lizse ueLdkjA
H
dy gh rqEgkjk i=k feykA i<+dj Kkr gqvk fd rqEgkjh
AS
NqV~fV;k¡ iM+us okyh gSaA fe=k esjh] Hkh xfeZ;ksa dh NqV~fV;k¡
'kq: gks xbZ gSaA eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd rqe bl ckj Hkkjr vkvksA esjs
AK
ekrk&firk cnzhukFk] osQnkjukFk] xaxks=kh vkSj ;equks=kh osQ n'kZu
djus tk jgs gSaA dgrs gSa fgeky; dk izkÑfrd lkSan;Z vn~Hkqr
PR
gSA c-iZQ ls <dh igkfM+;k¡] Å¡pkbZ ls fxjrs >jus laxhr dk
vkuan nsrs gSaA nwj vkleku ls ckrsa djrs Å¡ps&Å¡ps ?kus o`{k]
nwj rd èkjrh ij fcNh gfj;kyh dh pknj ls eu ckx&ckx
gks tkrk gSA lhèkh Å¡ph pV~Vkuksa osQ chp cgqr xgjkbZ esa
rwiQkuh xfr ls fxjrh vkSj cgrh xaxk eu dks d¡ik nsrh gSA
xaxks=kh dh iSny ;k=kk cM+h euksje gSA fe=k] eq>s rks vHkh ls
fgeky; osQ lius vkus yxs gSaA dgha rqe Hkh lius er ns[kus
yxukA vPNk] rqe tYnh&ls&tYnh ;gk¡ vk tkvksA
vcdh ckj esjk vkxzg rqEgas ekuuk gh gksxkA ;k=kk dh 'ks"k
rS;kjh Hkkjr vkdj djukA esjs ekrk&firk Hkh rqEgkjh lgk;rk
djsaxsA ykSVrh Mkd ls vius vkus dh frfFk fy[kukA ekrkth
vkSj firkth dks esjk iz.kke dgukA
rqEgkjk vfHkUu fe=k]
d- [k- x-
12- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa leqPpcksèkd Nk¡Vdj vyx fyf[k,A
(d) rc Hkh tc os bykgkckn esa Fks vkSj rc Hkh tc
os fnYyh vkrs FksA
mRrj % leqPp;cksèkd & vkSjA
([k) ek¡ us cpiu esa gh ?kksf"kr dj fn;k Fkk fd yM+dk
gkFk ls x;kA
mRrj % leqPp;cksèkd & fdA
(x) os fj'rk cukrs Fks rks rksM+rs ugha FksA
mRrj % leqPp;cksèkd & rksA
 (?k) muosQ eq[k ls lkaRouk osQ tknw Hkjs nks 'kCn lquuk (Ä) firk vkSj Hkkb;ksa osQ fy, cgqr yxko eu esa ugha
,d ,slh jks'kuh ls Hkj nsrk Fkk] tks fdlh xgjh Fkk] ysfdu os Le`fr esa vdlj Mwc tkrsA
riL;k ls tuerh gSA mRrj % leqP;cksèkd & ysfduA
mRrj % leqPp;cksèkd & tksA

vU; ijh{kksi;ksxh egRoiw.kZ ç'uksRrj (CCE in~èkfr ij vkèkkfjr)

oLrqfu"B ç'uksRrj
uhps fn, x, ç'uksa osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqudj fyf[k,µ
I. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa
ckr djuk deZ osQ ladYi ls Hkjuk FkkA eq>s ^ifjey* osQ os fnu ;kn
vkrs gSa tc ge lc ,d ikfjokfjd fj'rs esa c¡/sµtSls Fks ftlosQ cMs+
I+kQknj cqYosQ FksA gekjs g¡lh&e”kkd esa os fufyZIr 'kkfey jgrs] gekjh
xksf"B;ksa esa os xaHkhj cgl djrsA gekjh jpukvksa ij csckd jk; vkSj

AN
osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,A laLdkj esa os cMs+ HkkbZ vkSj iqjksfgr tSls [kM+s gksdj gesa vk'kh"kksa ls Hkj
I+kQknj dks ”kgjckn ls ugha ejuk pkfg, FkkA ftldh jaxksa esa nwljksa osQ nsrsA

H
fy, feBkl Hkjs ve`r osQ vfrfjDr vkSj oqQN ugha Fkk mlosQ fy, bl

AS
1- I-kQknj dks ;kn djuk gSµ
”kgj dk foèkku D;ksa gks\ ;g loky fdl bZ'oj ls iwNsa\ çHkq dh (d) [kkjs ikuh osQ leku ([k) fueZy ty osQ leku
vkLFkk gh ftldk vfLrRo FkkA og nsg dh bl ;kruk dh ijh{kk dks

AK
(x) 'kkar leqnz osQ leku
mez dh vkf[kjh nsgjh ij D;ksa ns\
(?k) ,d mnkl 'kkar laxhr dks lquus osQ leku

PR
1- çLrqr xn~;ka'k osQ ys[kd dkSu gSa\
(d) ;'kiky ([k) losZ'oj n;ky lDlsuk 2- i- Qknj dh ckrsa izsj.kk nsrh gaSµ
(d) f'k{kk dh ([k) deZ djus dh
S
(x) jkeo`{k csuhiqjh (?k) Lo;a çdk'k
ER

2- ys[kd us ^mez dh vkf[kjh nsgjh* fdls dgk gS\ (x) fy[kus dh (?k) LoPN jgus dh
(d) cpiu dks ([k) tokuh dks 3- ifjokfjd 'kCn osQ ^ewy* ,oa ^izR;;* 'kCn gSaµ
TH

(x) cq<+kis dks (?k) e`R;q dks (d) ikfj $ okfjd ([k) ifj $ okfjd
O

3- I+kQknj fdlosQ fy, ç;qDr gqvk gS\ (x) ikfjokj $ bd (?k) ifjokj $ bd
R

(d) ys[kd osQ firk osQ fy, 4- ^fufyZIr 'kkfey* jgus ls vfHkizk; gSµ
B

([k) ppZ osQ I+kQknj osQ fy, (d) vuklDr Hkko ls 'kkfey ([k) eu ls 'kkfey
L

(x) ys[kd osQ fy, (x) cseu ls 'kkfey (?k) fcuk f>>d 'kkfey
YA

(?k) MkW- dkfey cqYosQ osQ fy, 5- ?kj osQ mRlo esa i- Qknj dh Hkwfedk gksrh Fkhµ
O

4- I+kQknj cqYosQ dh e`R;q fdlls gqbZ\ (d) ek=k cM+s HkkbZ dh ([k) ek=k iqjksfgr dh
G

(d) tgj [kkus ls ([k) xSaxzhu ls (x) cM+s HkkbZ vkSj iqjksfgr dh (?k) ek=k NksVs HkkbZ dh
(x) chekj gksus ls (?k) cq[kkj ls mRrj % 1- (?k) 2- ([k) 3- (x) 4- (d) 5- (x)
5- vU; yksxksa osQ çfr I+kQknj dk O;ogkj oSQlk Fkk\
(d) eèkqj ([k) dVq III. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa
(x) larqf"Vtud (?k) ?k`f.kr osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,µ
mRrj % 1- ([k) 2- (x) 3- (?k) 4- ([k) 5- (d) I+kQknj cqYosQ ladYi ls laU;klh FksA dHkh&dHkh yxrk gS og eu ls
laU;klh ugha FksA fj'rk cukrs Fks rks rksM+rs ugha FksA nfl;ksa lky ckn
II. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa feyus osQ ckn Hkh mldh xaèk eglwl gksrh FkhA og tc Hkh fnYyh
osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,µ vkrs ”k:j feyrsµ[kkstdj] le; fudkydj] xehZ] lnhZ] cjlkr
I+kQknj dks ;kn djuk ,d mnkl 'kkar laxhr dks lquus tSlk gSA >sydj feyrs] pkgs nks feuV osQ fy, gh lghA ;g dkSu laU;klh
mudks ns[kuk d#.kk osQ fueZy ty esa Luku djus tSlk Fkk vkSj muls djrk gS\
5 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
 1- I+kQknj cqYosQ ladYi ls D;k Fks\ (x) e`R;q lekfIr ugha] iqujkjEHk gS
(d) lkfgR;dkj ([k) ys[kd (?k) e`R;q dk vFkZ nq%[k ugha
(x) laU;klh (?k) mijksDr lHkh 4- vuqPNsn osQ vk/kj ij crkb, fd -iQknj dk LoHkko
2- fj'rksa osQ lacaèk esa I+kQknj cqYosQ osQ D;k fopkj Fks\ oSQlk Fkk\
(d) fj'rs èkkxs osQ leku gksrs gSa (d) ozQks/h ([k) vkReh;rk Hkjk
([k) fj'rs VwVrs jgrs gSa (x) LokFkhZ (?k) bZ";kZyq
(x) os fj'rs fuHkkuk ugha tkurs Fks 5- iRuh dh e`R;q ij ys[kd dks /hjt c¡/kus okys dkSu Fks\
(?k) os fj'rs tksM+dj rksM+rs ugha Fks (d) ekrk&firk ([k) HkkbZ&cgu
3- ys[kd us fdl xaèk osQ eglwl gksus dh ckr dgh gS\ (x) pkpk&rkmQ (?k) -iQknj cqYosQ
(d) iwQyksa dh ([k) fj'rksa osQ xgjkbZ dh mRrj % 1- (x) 2- (d) 3- (x) 4- ([k) 5- (?k)
(x) lsaV dh xaèk (?k) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
4- I+kQknj cqYosQ fnYyh vkus ij fdlls ”k:j feyrs Fks\ VI. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa

AN
(d) ys[kd ls ([k) laU;klh ls osQ fy, lgh fodYi pqfu,A [CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]

(x) vius fe=kksa ls (?k) fdlh ls ugha eSa ugha tkurk bl laU;klh us Hkh lkspk Fkk ;k ugha fd mldh

H
e`R;q ij dksbZ jks,xkA ysfdu ml {k.k jksus okyksa dh deh ugha FkhA bl

AS
5- çLrqr xn~;ka'k fdl ikB ls fy;k x;k gS\
(d) ifjey ls rjg gekjs chp ls og pyk x;k tks geesa ls lcls vf/d Nk;knkj

AK
([k) ekuoh; d#.kk dh fnO; ped ls iQy&iwQy xa/ ls Hkjk vkSj lcls vyx] lcdk gksdj] lcls m¡QpkbZ
ij] ekuoh; d#.kk dh fnO; ped esa ygygkrk [kM+k FkkA ftldh
(x) ,d dgkuh ;g Hkh
PR
Le`fr ge lcosQ eu esa tks muosQ fudV Fks fdlh ;K dh ifo=k vkx
(?k) L=kh f'k{kk osQ fojksèkh oqQrdks± dk [kaMu
dh vk¡p dh rjg vkthou cuh jgsxhA eSa ml ifo=k T;ksfr dh ;kn
mRrj % 1- (x) 2- (?k) 3- ([k) 4- (d) 5- ([k)
S

esa Jn~/kur gw¡A

ER

IV. fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj uhps fn, x, 1. ^bl rjg gekjs chp ls og pyk x;k*µbl iafDr esa og
ç'uksa osQ lgh fodYi pqudj fyf[k,A 'kCn iz;qDr gqvk gSµ
TH

cl mlh ,d loky ij mudks >q¡>ykrs ns[kk gS vkSj fganh okyksa (d) ys[kd osQ fy,
}kjk gh fganh dh mis{kk ij mudks nq%[k djrs ik;k gSA ?kj&ifjokj osQ
O

([k) -iQknj cqYosQ osQ fy,

ckjs esa] futh nq%[k&rdyh-iQ osQ ckjs esa iwNuk mudk LoHkko Fkk vkSj
R

(x) ^ifjey* osQ lnL; osQ fy,

B

cM+s&ls&cM+s nq%[k esa muosQ eq[k ls lkaRouk osQ tknw Hkjs nks 'kCn lquuk (?k) fe=kksa osQ fy,
,d ,slh jks'kuh ls Hkj nsrk Fkk tks fdlh xgjh riL;k ls mitrh gSA 2. -iQknj dks lokZf/d Nk;knkj o`{k dgk gS] D;ksafd %
L

(d) os nsonkj o`{k osQ leku Fks

YA

^gj ekSr fn[kkrh gS thou dks ubZ jkgA* eq>s viuh iRuh vkSj iq=k dh
e`R;q ;kn vk jgh gS vkSj i- Qknj osQ 'kCnksa ls >jrh fojy 'kkafrA ([k) os lcdks vk'khokZn nsrs Fks
O

(x) mudk lkFk nq[kksa dh /wi esa 'khry Nk;k osQ leku Fkk
1- i- Qknj osQ nq[k dk dkj.k D;k Fkk\
G

(?k) lHkh fodYi lgh gSa

(d) mudh ckr u ekuuk ([k) fganh dk izlkj u gksuk
3. ^vkthou* 'kCn esa lekl gSµ
(x) fganh okyksa }kjk fganh dh mis{kk
(?k) yksxksa dk vHknz O;ogkj (d) rRiq#"k ([k) vO;;hHkko
2- i- Qknj osQ 'kCnksa dks ^tknw Hkjs* 'kCn D;ksa dgk gS\ (x) deZ/kj; (?k) f}xq
4. ys[kd -iQknj dh ;kn esa J¼kur gSµ
(d) muesa I;kj&nqykj vkSj vuqHko Fkk vkSj lkaRouk gksrh Fkh
([k) os Jksrk dks Hkze esa Mky nsrs Fks (d) mudh vkReh;rk osQ dkj.k
(x) mu ij ;dhu djuk eqf'dy Fkk ([k) izse vkSj viuRo ls Hkjs O;fDrRo osQ dkj.k
(?k) os izHkkfor rks djrs Fks ij vlj ugha Mkyrs Fks (x) muosQ LoHkko okRlY; vkSj dY;k.k Hkkouk osQ dkj.k
3- ^gj ekSr fn[kkrh gS thou dks ubZ jkgA* ls rkRi;Z gSµ (?k) lHkh fodYi lgh gSa
(d) e`R;q lnk gh ykHkdkjh gksrh gS mRrj % 1- ([k) 2- (x) 4- ([k) 5- (?k)
([k) e`R;q rks gksxh gh
6 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
 y?kwRrjkRed ç'uksRrj
1- ys[kd fdl ifo=k T;ksfr dh ;kn esa Jn~èkkur gSa\
mRrj % ys[kd I+kQknj dkfey cqYosQ dks ifo=k T;ksfr eku jgs gSa vkSj
mudh Le`fr esa Jn~èkkur gSaA
2- I+kQknj cqYosQ dh Le`fr dks ^;K dh ifo=k vkx dh
vk¡p&lh* D;ksa dgk x;k gS\
mRrj % I+kQknj dkfey cqYosQ dk laiw.kZ thou ekuo&çse o d#.kk
dks le£ir FkkA mudk thou ifo=k vkSj riL;kiw.kZ FkkA os lHkh
ij viuk Lusg yqVkrs FksA nwljksa osQ nq[kksa esa 'kkfey gksrs FksA
mudh Le`fr lHkh dks 'kkafr nsrh gSA vr% mudh Le`fr dh
rqyuk ;K dh ml ifo=k vkx dh vk¡p ls dh xbZ gS tks
lcdks lq[k nsrh gSA
3- iQknj dkfey cqYosQ dks lcls vf/d fpark fdl ckr
dh Fkh vkSj D;ksa\ ^ekuoh; d#.kk dh fnO; ped*
ikB osQ vk/kj ij Li"V dhft,A
[CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
mRrj % I+kQknj dkfey cqYosQ dks lcls vf/d fpark ¯gnh dks
jk"VªHkk"kk osQ :i esa ns[kus dh FkhA D;ksafd os gj eap ls
viuh rdyhiQ c;ku djrs FksA ¯gnh jk"VªHkk"kk cus mlosQ
fy, vdkV~; roZQ nsrs FksA blosQ lkFk ¯gnh okyksa osQ }kjk
ER
¯gnh dh mis{kk djus ij >q¡>yk iM+rs FksA
4- I+kQknj dh e`R;q ij jksus okyksa dh deh D;ksa ugha Fkh\
TH
ikB osQ vk/kj ij fyf[k,A [CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
O
mRrj % I+kQknj dh e`R;q ij jksus okyksa dh deh blfy, ugha Fkh
R
D;ksafd os ladYi ls laU;klh Fks] eu ls ughaA os fdlh ls
B
fj'rk cukdj rksM+rs ugha FksA nlksa o"kZ ckn Hkh fj'rksa dh xa/
eglwl gksrh FkhA os tgk¡ dgha Hkh tkrs Fks rks ogk¡ osQ vius
L
YA
ifjfprksa ls vo'; feyrs FksA tSls fd fnYyh vkus ij
ys[kd lsA
O
5- I+kQknj dh e`R;q dc vkSj dgk¡ gqbZ\ mudk vafre laLdkj
G
dgk¡ fd;k x;k\
mRrj % I+kQknj dkfey cqYosQ dh e`R;q 18 vxLr] 1982 dks fnYyh
esa gqbZA mudk vafre laLdkj fnYyh osQ d'ehjh xsV osQ
fudylu dczxkg esa fd;k x;kA
6- I+kQknj osQ vafre laLdkj esa dkSu&dkSu yksx mifLFkr Fks\
mRrj % I+kQknj dkfey cqYosQ osQ vafre laLdkj esa tSusaæ oqQekj]
fot;sæa Lukrd] vftr oqQekj] MkW- fueZyk tSu] MkW- lR;çdk'k
vkSj MkW- j?kqoa'k vkSj Lo;a ys[kd mifLFkr FksA
7- ys[kd dks I+kQknj osQ okRlY;e; :i dk vuqHko oSQls
gqvk\
7 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
mRrj % ys[kd dks muosQ okRlY;e; :i dk vuqHko rc gqvk tc
mUgksaus I+kQknj dks vius cPps osQ vUu izk'ku laLdkj osQ
volj ij vkeaf=kr fd;k FkkA ml le; I+kQknj n~okjk cPps
dks Lusgk'kh"k nsus ls mUgsa ,slk çrhr gqvkA
8- ys[kd I+kQknj dh rqyuk oSQls o`{k ls djrs gSa\
mRrj % ys[kd us I+kQknj dh rqyuk lcls vfèkd Nk;knkj iQy&iwQy
vkSj xaèk ls Hkjs o`{k ls dh gS] D;ksafd I+kQknj dk O;ogkj
Lusgh] d#.kkoku vkSj okRlyL;iw.kZ FkkA mUgksaus ¯gnh txr
dks vusd xzaFk vkSj loksZÙke 'kCndks"k fn;kA
AN
9- ys[kd I+kQknj dh e`R;q ij bZ'oj ls dkSu&lk ç'u iwNuk
pkgrk gS rFkk D;ksa\
H
mRrj % I+kQknj cqYosQ dh e`R;q ”kgjckn vFkkZr~ xzSaxhu jksx osQ dkj.k
AS
gqbZ tks fd ,d rjg dk ”kgjhyk vkSj d"Vlkè; iQksM+k gksrk
gSA mudh e`R;q ij ys[kd bZ'oj ls iwNuk pkgrk gS fd ftl
AK
O;fDr dh jxksa esa nwljksa osQ fy, feBkl Hkjs ve`r osQ vykok
vkSj oqQN ugha Fkk mlosQ fy, bl ”kgj dk foèkku D;ksa\ çHkq
PR
dh vkLFkk gh ftldk vfLrRo Fkk] mlosQ fy, mez osQ bl
vafre iM+ko ij bruh ;kruk D;ksa\
S
10- I+kQknj us laU;kl dc fy;k rFkk laU;kl ysrs le;
dkSu&lh 'krZ j[kh\
mRrj % I+kQknj us csfYt;e esa bathfu;¯jx (vafre o"kZ) dh i<+kbZ
NksM+dj laU;kl ys fy;kA laU;kl ysrs le; mUgksaus èkeZ xq#
osQ lkeus Hkkjr tkus dh 'krZ j[khA mudh 'krZ eku yh xbZ
vkSj os Hkkjr vk x,A
11- I+kQknj dks ;kn djuk 'kkar laxhr&lk D;ksa yxrk gS\
mRrj % I+kQknj dks ;kn djosQ ,d mnklh vkSj 'kkafr&lh Nk tkrh gSA
Bhd oSlh gh mnkl 'kkafr tSls mnkl 'kkar laxhr lquus ij
vuqHko gksrk gSA D;ksafd I+kQknj dk laiw.kZ thou d#.kk]
okRlY; vkSj viuRo ls Hkjk FkkA os lHkh ls Lusg vkSj
viusiu ls feyrs FksA
12- I+kQknj dkfey cqYosQ tSls lkSE; vkSj Lusfgy LoHkko osQ
O;fDr fdl ckr ij >q¡>yk mBrs Fks\
[CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
mRrj % I+kQknj ¯gnh dks jk"VªHkk"kk cukus osQ leFkZd FksA blh dkj.k gj
eap ij ¯gnh dks viukus dh ckr djrs FksA tc yksx ¯gnh
osQ fodkl esa jksM+s vVdkrs Fks rks I+kQknj cgqr >q>
a ykrs FksA mUgsa
¯gnh dh mis{kk djus okys ¯gnh Hkkf"k;ksa ij nq[k gksrk FkkA
 13- ^ekuoh; d#.kk dh fnO; ped* uked 'kh"kZd dh
lkFkZdrk Li"V djsaA [CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
+
mRrj % bl ikB esa IkQknj dkfey cqYosQ osQ çfrHkk'kkyh vkSj Lusgiw.kZ
O;fDrRo dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA ys[kd ;g crkuk pkgrs gSa fd
I+kQknj Hkkjrh; tu&thou esa dk;Z djus osQ fy, csfYt;e ls
vk, FksA ;gk¡ vkdj os Hkkjr dh feV~Vh esa iwjh rjg jp&cl
x,A mUgksaus Hkkjr dks gh viuk ns'k ekukA ;gk¡ osQ laLdkjksa
vkSj mRloksa dks viuk fy;kA Hkkjr osQ tu&thou esa #fp yhA
os lPps :i esa jk"VªHkDr FksA mUgksaus ¯gnh dks jk"VªHkk"kk cukus
dk Hkjiwj ç;kl fd;kA ekuoh; d#.kk dh fnO; ped lnk
muosQ psgjs ij Nydrh FkhA vr% ;g 'kh"kZd lkFkZd gSA
14- I+kQknj cqYosQ osQ O;fDrRo dk dkSu&lk igyw vkidks
vPNk yxrk gS rFkk D;ksa\
mRrj % I+kQknj cqYosQ osQ O;fDrRo dk ckg~;i{k cgqr lqanj] lkSE; vkSj
'kkar FkkA muesa vlhe eerk vkSj Lusg FkkA os lnk lHkh dks
xys yxkrsA nwljksa osQ d"Vksa dks nwj djus dk ç;kl djrsA
ftlls Hkh feyrs vlhe çse] Lusg vkSj [kqys fny ls feyrsA
muosQ psgjs ij ,d 'kkafr FkhA I+kQknj osQ O;fDrRo dk ;g
i{k eq>s cgqr vPNk yxrk gSA
15- I+kQknj cqYosQ osQ ifjokj esa dkSu&dkSu Fkk\ mUgsa lcls
S
ER
T;knk fdldh ;kn vkrh Fkh\
mRrj % I+kQknj cqYosQ osQ ifjokj esa muosQ ekrk&firk] nks HkkbZ vkSj ,d
TH
cgu FkhA muosQ firk O;olk;h FksA ,d HkkbZ iknjh gks x;k
Fkk rFkk nwljk dke djrk FkkA I+kQknj dks lcls ”;knk viuh
O
ek¡ dh ;kn vkrh FkhA os viuh ek¡ ls cgqr çse djrs FksA
R
B
-iQkWjesfVo vlslesaV osQ fy,
L
YA
fØ;kdyki
O

HkweaMyh;dj.k (Globalisation) osQ bl nkSj esa tgk¡ vla[;
G
fon~;kFkhZ vesfjdk] vkLVªsfy;k] ;wjksi] dukMk vkfn ns'kksa esa
tk jgs gSa] ogha os fdUgha dkj.kksa ls fofHkUu vR;kpkjksa osQ
f'kdkj Hkh gks jgs gSa (dgha&dgha os uLyokn osQ Hkh f'kdkj
gks jgs gSa)A bu lcosQ ihNs D;k&D;k dkj.k gks ldrs gSa\
irk yxkb,A

vius ns'k esa mPp f'k{kk u xzg.k dj vU; ns'k esa tkdj
f'kf{kr gksus dh D;k lkFkZdrk gS\ vki bls dgk¡ rd mfpr
ekurs gSa\ bl ij d{kk esa okn&fookn dk vk;kstu fd;k
tk ldrk gSA

fo'o izfln~/ flrkjoknd ia- jfo'kadj dh thou&xkFkk
i<+dj mudh miyfC/;ksa dks tkudj ;g crkb, fd D;k os
8 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
16- I+kQknj us ¯gnh lkfgR; osQ fodkl esa oSQlk ;ksxnku
fn;k\
mRrj % I+kQknj cqYosQ us ¯gnh lkfgR; osQ fodkl esa o`n~fèk dhA mUgksaus
jkedFkk osQ vkjaHk vkSj fodkl ij 'kksèk xazFk fy[kkA ckbZfcy
dk ¯gnh esa vuqokn fd;kA ekrj ¯yd osQ çfln~èk ukVd
CywcMZ dk ¯gnh esa vuqokn fd;kA mUgksaus vaxzsth&¯gnh 'kCn
dks'k rS;kj fd;k tks fo'oHkj esa çfln~èk gqvkA os ¯gnh dks
jk"VªHkk"kk osQ :i esa ns[kuk pkgrs FksA ¯gnh okyksa dks ¯gnh dh
mis{kk djrk ns[k os cgqr nq[kh gksrs Fks
17- bl ikB osQ vkèkkj ij fln~èk dhft, fd I+kQknj cqYosQ
ladYi ls laU;klh Fks] eu ls laU;klh ugha Fks\
[CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
AN
mRrj % I+kQknj cqYosQ ftlls Hkh fj'rk cukrs] mls rksM+rs ugha FksA tc
Hkh os fnYyh vkrs] ys[kd ls feyus ”k:j vkrsA ifjokj osQ
H
lHkh lnL;ksa dk gkypky iwNrsA fdlh Hkh mRlo vkSj laLdkj
AS
esa cM+s HkkbZ vkSj iqjksfgr dh rjg [kM+s gks lcdks vk'khokZn
nsrsA vr% og ladYi ls laU;klh Hkys gh Fks] ij eu ls ughaA
AK
18- Hkkjr vkus osQ ckn I+kQknj dh f'k{kk vkSj dk;ks± ij
PR
çdk'k Mkfy,A
mRrj % Hkkjr vkus osQ ckn I+kQknj us iknfj;ksa osQ chp èkekZpkj dh
f'k{kk çkIr dhA nk£t¯yx] dksydkrk ls ch-,- rFkk bykgkckn
ls ,e-,- fd;kA ç;kx fo'ofon~;ky; ls ¯gnh esa 'kksèk çcaèk
fy[kkA jk¡ph osQ lsaV tsfo;lZ dkWyst esa ¯gnh o laLÑr osQ
foHkkxkè;{k cusA ckbfcy dk ¯gnh esa vuqokn fd;k vkSj
,d vaxzsth&¯gnh 'kCndks'k rS;kj fd;kA
Hkkjr esa jgdj viuh bl [;kfr dks ik ldrs Fks\ bl ij
ppkZ djsaA
d{kk&dk;Z
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk cPpksa ls fuEufyf[kr iz'u iwN ldrs gSaµ

I+kQknj cqYosQ dh ukjk”kxh dk dkj.k D;k gksrk Fkk\

^^I+kQknj cqYosQ ladYi ls laU;klh FksA dHkh&dHkh yxrk gS
og eu ls laU;klh ugha FksA** ys[kd us ,slk D;ksa dgk gS\

^laLej.k* fdls dgrs gSa\

^laLej.k* ,oa ^vkRedFkk* fo/kvksa esa varj crkb,A
x`g&dk;Z

Jherh egknsoh oekZ n~okjk fyf[kr laLej.k ^jktsanz ckcw*
if<+, vkSj mudh fo'ks"krk,¡ tkfu,A

enj Vsjslk dk laf{kIr thou ifjp; fyf[k,A