This period saw the emergence of the Parallel Cinema

movement, mainly led by Bengalis,[69] which then accounted

for a quarter of India's film output.[70] The movement
emphasized social realism. Early examples include Dharti Ke
Lal (1946, Khwaja Ahmad Abbas),[71] Neecha Nagar (1946,
Chetan Anand),[72] Nagarik (1952, Ritwik Ghatak)[73][74] and
Do Bigha Zamin (1953, Bimal Roy), laying the foundations
for Indian neorealism[75] and the Indian New Wave.[76]

Commercial Hindi cinema grew in the 1980s, with films such

as Ek Duuje Ke Liye (1981), Himmatwala (1983), Tohfa
(1984), Naam (1986), Mr India (1987), and Tezaab (1988).
Indian cinema has been recognised repeatedly at the Academy
Awards. Indian films Mother India (1957), Salaam Bombay!
(1988) and Lagaan (2001), were nominated for the Academy
Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Indian Oscar winners
include Bhanu Athaiya (costume designer), Ray (filmmaker),
A. R. Rahman (music composer), Resul Pookutty (sound
editor) and Gulzar (lyricist), Cottalango Leon and Rahul
Thakkar Sci-Tech Award.[20