‘Manual de Coptciny Aprovechanient det Agu de Lie 135
AGRICULTURA DE LADERAS A TRAVES DE ANDENES, PERU
aver Bess Pda Igy Sistemas de Begone Conveeiona:
‘Carmen Dez Pineda, Ing Peres Seopa Bota
‘irbara Loin Huaco, ng. Iu ecologies propa tbe Rash
ican Samané Mer Ing. Agr, Consrecin de Sales 4g
TECMDES
Antecedentes hstiricos
La agricultura en Jos sistemas de terrazas 0 andenes, es una tecnologia agricola ancestral que
se ha desarollado en muchos lugares del mundo como respuesta econdmiza, social tcnica &
un medio adverse, encontrandose particularidades de acuerdo sl lugar y al nivel de desaroo
de las eutuas figura 60).
En el Per existe una superficie aproximada de un millon de hectiress de andenes
(Masson 1984), de Tos cules aproximadaments el 10% esté en uso permanente, 20% en uso
temporal o estacionario y et 70% absndonado o dostruido, representndo €l 4.0, 8,0 ¥ 281%
respectivamente del éres agricola total cultvada en el Pers (2490 000 has). En la figura 61 ¥
‘cundro 23, se presenian los resultados de la evaluacién del estado de conservacin de los
sndenes en 10 Depertamentos.
En el Peri, el andén os wna prictce contervacionisia que lor aniguos pobladores
dominaron ampliamente legando a consrur verdaderas complejos agricoas de ata téenica
hidréulice, uilizndo para los muros piedas y para el relleno de la platforms material
searreado y seleocionado (grava, suelo y materia orgénica). Con los andenes se ogra ulizar
racionalmente ls Ider, minimizar el riesgo de heladas, lograr una mayor exposicia also,
‘controlar la escorreta del agus, incremental nflaein, mantener un buen drenae y mejor
reacign dl suelo agricole,
En Ia setuatida es una prctca en desuso, salvo en ciertos lugares (mayormente en las
partes bajas de las laderas) donde ain se conservan andenes bajo cultivo permanente 0
Temporales. Lamentablemente la mayor parte de andones que todavia pueden usarse estin
descuidedos,sbssdonados y/o deur
Los andenes son conocidos como “pata pata” en quechea o “takuana” en Aymara, Se
‘estima que su constveciin fue iniciaéa hace aproximadamente 3 000 aos aC.,
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