Reading Test Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage and supplementary material. This passage is about archetypes and the Heroic Joumney. In the beginning of the twentieth century, 40 While the specifies of a particular journey the paradigms for literary analysis went through a alter to fit the time and place of the narrative, the transformation due to emerging theories in basic pattern remains. It begins with the hero being. psychology championed by thinkers such as Freud pulled from everyday existence by a call to begin ‘on a quest to defeat evil, usually by an old, wise 45 mentor. This typically involves a transition of the hero from the mundane to the extraordinary, during which the hero is subjected to several tests of and Jung, These psychologists were the first to classify the human psyche into parts: the conscious and subconscious. These new theories suggested that aspects of human behavior are ruled on @ virtue. After the hero's merit is proven in a final subconscious level, and further, that this is shared Ordeal, knowledge or the ability to defeat evil is among all humans. 50 provided. The hero will then return to the ordinary The discoveries of Freud and Jung world to defeat evil using this ability. impacted all fields of academic pursuit, especially Crities of Campbell and archetypes argue those involving behavior. From these new that this method of archetypal analysis lacks in psychological theories, literary analysis began to funetion as an analytical tool—that stripping a story recognize the subconscious 2s the place of origin _—_ss_ of its cultural context as Campbell has done to for many facets of narrative. The appearance of ‘create the Heroic Joumey destroys the story’s true subvonscious patterns in literature became known reason for being told. In other words, literature is 2s archetypes, and because these archetypes arise valuable not for what unifies it, but for what from the subconscious, they are universally specifies it to its time and place. This dialogue applicable. In this way, archetypes are especially 60 between the macro-level and micro-level has fueled ‘useful for comparing works across genres. These debate concerning the value of literature since the works, otherwise distinet, now began to coalesce on time of Freud and Jung. ‘Rew points of comparison, ‘While the term archetype has existed in seoademic record as early as the time of Plato, it was the pairing of the term with the breakthroughs by Jung that paved the way for its popularization in titerature. Jung defines archetype as “a symbolic formula fimetioning whenever the concept of the conscious is either yet non-existent or altogether impossible.” This formula lies within the human subconscious and emerges in the creation process, especially in the process of storytelling. Joseph Campbell, an anthropologist, codified the Heroic Jonmey archetype by tracing the narrative threads of mythology across distinct cultures. He believed, for example, thet all narratives involving heroes follow the same basic Peeters pattern. 2 Go on to the next pageTest 1 |. What is the main purpose of the passage? 5. Ifthe author were to add an example at the end of the fourth paragraph (lines 34-39), which A) To inform about a specific method of literary choice would best fit? analysis B) To debate the value of literature A) The comparison of a Chinese and European C) To explain the origin of the Heroic Journey fairy tale D) To illustrate the impact of Freud’s and Jung’s B) The illustration of a Mayan creation myth psychological theories C) Two recent superhero films compared with their source works 2, According to the passage, how was Jung, D) A traditional Shakespearean play contrasted ; instrumental in the development of the Heroic with its modern retelling Journey? 6. As used in line 46, “mundane” most nearly A) Jung coined the term Heroic Journey. means B) Jung popularized the Heroic Journey by codifying it A) boring, 4 ©) Jung applied archetypal theories first applied B) trivial. 5 by Freud. ©) ordinary. e D) Jung discovered the psychological theories D) original. applied by Campbell 7. According to the passage, we leam all of the 3. As used in line 22, “distinct” most nearly means following from archetypes EXCEPT A) strange. A) the virtues humans associate with overcoming B) unique. evil. ©) far. B) the shared ideas in psychology. D) original. ) the way that shared ideas are represented by specific cultures. 4. Which topic sentence would best work for fourth D) the conscious motivation for creating literary paragraph (lines 34-39)? work, A) One of the most significant symbolic patterns 8. According to the graphic and the passage, at identified is the Heroic Journey. ‘which stage in the Hero’s Journey would the hero : B) Without Jung’s discovery, the codification of most likely receive the key to defeating evit? the Heroic Journey archetype would not have been possible. A) Tests, Allies, Enemies ©) This definition of archetype lays the B) Ordeal, Death & Rebirth foundation for the symbolic pattem of the ©) Reward, Seizing the Sword Heroic Journey. D) Return with Elixir D) From this psychological work, the literary world owes the existence of the Heroic Journey archetype. 3 Go on to the next pageTest 1 9, Which choice would a critic of Campbell most 10. What relationship between psychology and likely support? litorature can be inferred from the passage? A) Literature is valuable because it reflects our A) Literary theories offer psychok subconscious mind. evidence for new discoveries. 4 B) The Heroic Journey is an important clue to B) Psychological theorics explain pattems that § access the human consciousness. appear in literature. a C) Micro-level details of culture are more it i is € Seperet Gun mates eel aiehe pes ) Literature adopts the ideas of psychologists ‘ aaa at to use in its works, 1D) The main function of stories is to express ; 7 | pairtiens coming from the subvonsefous. D) Psychological ideas influence the creation of literary characters and plots. a 11, What is the tone of the author in the passage? A) Persuasive and criticizing B) Objective and condescending C) Biased and passionate D) Neutral and informative 4 Go on to the next page