(11) Higher Mathematics

Structure of the Question Paper

Paper I - Time : 03 hours (In addition, 10 minutes for reading.)

This paper consists of two parts.
Part A : Ten questions. All questions should be answered. 25 marks for each
question - altogether 250 marks.
Part B : Seven questions. Five questions should be answered. Each question
carries 150 marks - altogether 750 marks.
Total marks for paper I 1000

Paper II - Time : 03 hours (In addition, 10 minutes for reading.)

This paper consists of two parts.
Part A : Ten questions. All questions should be answered. 25 marks for each
question - altogether 250 marks.
Part B : Seven questions. Five questions should be answered. Each question
carries 150 marks - altogether 750 marks.
Total marks for paper II 1000

Calculation of the final mark ( Paper I = 1000 ÷ 20 = 50

Paper II = 1000 ÷ 20 = 50
Final mark = 100

Structure of Question Papers and Prototype questions for G.C.E.(A.L.) Examinations - 2019 Afterwards - Higher Mathematics

-1-
 Higher Mathematics
Paper I

Important :

* Answer all questions of part A.

* Answer five questions only of part B.

Part A

Factorize : x (y − z) + y (z − x) + z (x − y).
3 3 3
1.
Hence show that (a − b) (a + b − 2c) + (b − c) (b + c − 2a) + (c − a) (c + a − 2b) = 0.
3 3 3

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2. Let k ∈ IR. A relation R on IR is defined by xRy if x4 − y4 − kx2 + ky2 = 0. Show that R is an

equivalence relation on IR.

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Structure of Question Papers and Prototype questions for G.C.E.(A.L.) Examinations - 2019 Afterwards - Higher Mathematics

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3. Let f(x) = x + 1 for x ≠ 1 and let g(x) = ax3 + 1 for x ∈ IR, where a is a real constant. Also let
x−1
h(x) = (g o f) (x) for x ≠ 1. It is given that h(2) = 28. Show that a = 1. Write down h (x).
−1

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4. Show that x + y + z is a factor of the determinant

x x3 y+z
Δ = y y 3
z+x
z z3 x+y

and express Δ as a product of linear factors.

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Structure of Question Papers and Prototype questions for G.C.E.(A.L.) Examinations - 2019 Afterwards - Higher Mathematics

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 c
Find the equation of the normal to the rectangular hyperbola xy = c at the point (ct , t ) and show
2
5.

that if it passes through (0, c) then t + t − 1 = 0.

4

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6. Let a, b ∈ IR and let f : IR IR be the function given by

√ 1 + ax − 1
3
, if x > 0
x
f(x) = b , if x = 0
1
, if x < 0
1
3(1 − e x )

If f is continuous at x = 0, find the values of a and b.

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Structure of Question Papers and Prototype questions for G.C.E.(A.L.) Examinations - 2019 Afterwards - Higher Mathematics

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7. Let f IR IR be the function given by
x2 − 1 if x ≥ − 1

f(x) =
−(x − 1) if x < − 1
2

Show that f is not differentiable at x = 1.

Write down f ʹ(x) for all x ≠ 1.

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dy
− y tan x = y cos x into linear
8. Using the substitution z = 1 , transform the differential equation
2 2

dx y
form and hence, solve it.

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Structure of Question Papers and Prototype questions for G.C.E.(A.L.) Examinations - 2019 Afterwards - Higher Mathematics

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9. Let f and g be real-valued functions defined on the interval [0,1]. Suppose that f and gʹ, the derivative

of g, are continuous on [0, 1] and that 3f (1 − x) + 2xgʹ (x) = 4x3 for x ∈ [0, 1].
1 1
Show that if
0
∫ f (x) = 2 and g(1) = 1, then ∫ g (x)dx = 72 0

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10. Sketch the curves whose polar equations are given by r − 2sin θ = 0 and r2− 2r ( √ 2 cos θ + sinθ ) + 2 = 0

in the same diagram.

Show that these curves intersect at right angles.

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Structure of Question Papers and Prototype questions for G.C.E.(A.L.) Examinations - 2019 Afterwards - Higher Mathematics

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 Part B

11. (a) Let A, B and C be subsets of a universal set S. Stating clearly the laws of Algebra of sets that you
use, prove that
(i) A ∪ B = A ∪ (Aʹ ∩ B),
(ii) B = (A ∩ B) ∪ (Aʹ ∩ B) and
(iii) (A − B) ∩ C = (A ∩ C) − (B ∩ C),

where the A − B is defined by A − B = A ∩ Bʹ.

(b) A survey of 150 students was conducted to determine which sports they like from among cricket,
hockey and football. It was revealed that 60 students like cricket, 50 like hockey, 70 like football,
35 like hockey and football, 20 like cricket and football, 42 like cricket and hockey and 10 like
all three sports. Find the number of students who
(i) do not like any of these three sports,
(ii) like only cricket,
(iii) like at most one sport.

12. (a) Let a, b and c be positive numbers.

Show that √ a b ≤ 1 (a + b).

2
1
Deduce that (abc) 3 ≤ 1 (a + b + c).
3
Show each of the following :

(i) (a + 4b) (b + 4c) (c + 4a) ≥ 64abc.

(ii) a (1 − a)2 ≤ 4 , for 0 < a < 1.

27

y
'

−1 1 y( ) ( )()
(b) The transformation x' = 1 2 x in the xy−plane maps the point (a, a + 2) into the point
(2a, b), where a and b are real constants. Find the values of a and b. Find the vertices of the
parallelogram in the x'y' −plane to which the square in the xy −plane with vertices (0,0), (1,0),
(1,1) and (0,1) gets mapped onto.

13. State and prove de Moivre's theorem for a positive integral index.

( ) ( )
7
Let ωk = cos 2kπ + isin 2kπ for k = 1, 2, 3, ... . Show that ωk = 1 for k = 1, 2, 3, ... and hence, write
7 7
down the six distinct non real roots of the equation z7 = 1.

Show that 1 + ω1 + ω2 + ω3 + ω4 + ω5 + ω6 = 0 and that ωk + ω7 − k = 2 cos ( 2kπ

7
) for k = 1, 2,3.

7 ( ) 7 ( ) 7 2( )
Deduce that cos 2π + cos 4π + cos 6π = − 1 . Also, show that

1+ z + z + z + z + z + z = {z − 2 cos
2 3 4 5 6 2 2π
7 ( ) 7 ( )
z + 1}{z2 − 2 cos 4π z + 1} {z2 − 2 cos 6π z + 1}.
7 ( )
Structure of Question Papers and Prototype questions for G.C.E.(A.L.) Examinations - 2019 Afterwards - Higher Mathematics

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14. (a) Solve the differential equation (1 − x2) dy + y = x2 (1 + x) (1 − x) 2 for − 1 < x < 1 and hence,
3

dx
find the solution satisfying y = 1 when x = 0.

(b) Find the differential equation satisfied by the family of curves y = λ(x − 1) + 3, where λ is a real
2

parameter.
Hence, find the general equation of the family of the orthogonal trajectories.

∫ ( )
15. (a) Let In = xn cos π x dx, where n is a non-negative integer.
0
2

Show that In + 8 n(n −1) In −1 = 2 for n ≥ 2.

π3 π
Hence, find I4.

(b) Let y = etan x . Show that (1 + x2) d y = (1 − 2x) dy .

2
−1

dx2 dx
Obtain the Maclaurin expansion of y upto and including the term of x4.
1
2

Hence, find an approximate value of the integral
∫e
0
tan−1x
dx

16. (a) Show that the tangent to the ellipse x + y = 1 at the point P(a cosθ , b sinθ ) is given by
2 2

a2 b2
y
x cosθ + sinθ = 1. The line y = x + c is a tangent to the ellipse x
2
a + y = 1. Show that
2
b 4
c = ± √ 5 . Find the coordinates of the points P and Q of contact and show that the chord PQ

passes through the origin.

(b) Show that the area A enclosed by the parabola y = 4ax and the chord joining the points (ap2 , 2ap)
2

2 2 4 4
and (aq , 2aq) is given by 9A = a (p − q) .

Let P ≡ (√45 ,√−51). Show that P lies on the parabola y = 4 √15 2

x.

Show that the equation of the normal drawn to the parabola y = 1 x at the point P is
2

4√5
√ 5 y − 8 √ 5 x + 33 = 0.
Find the area bounded by the line PQ, the normal √ 5 y − 8 √ 5 x + 33 = 0 and the parabola

2
y = 1 x.
4√5

Structure of Question Papers and Prototype questions for G.C.E.(A.L.) Examinations - 2019 Afterwards - Higher Mathematics

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 ( ) ( )
2
17. (a) Let A = − π , π − {0} and let f (x) = cosecx + secx − 2 for x ∈ A.
2 2 tanx + cotx cosec2x
Show that f (x) = sin2x + cos2x for x ∈ A.

Express f (x) in the form R sin (αx + θ ) for α > 0 where R, α and θ are to be determined.

Sketch the graph of f for x ∈ A .

1
(b) The following table gives the values of f (x) = correct to two decimal places for values
1 + x2
of x between 0 and 1 at intervals of length 0.25 :

x 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1

f (x) = 1
1 0.94 0.80 0.64 0.50
1 + x2

x
xf (x) = 0 0.23 0.40 0.48 0.50
1 + x2
1

Applying the Simpson rule, find an approximation for

1
0
∫ 1 + x dx.
1 + x2
Find the exact value of
0
∫ 1 + x dx
1 + x2

Hence, find an approximation for π + ln 4.

* * *

Structure of Question Papers and Prototype questions for G.C.E.(A.L.) Examinations - 2019 Afterwards - Higher Mathematics

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 Higher Mathematics
Paper II
Part A

1. The position vectors of three points A, B and C with respect to a fixed origin O are i + 2j + 3k, β i − j + k

and i + 5j + 5k, respectively, where β is a constant. It is given that the point C lies on the plane OAB.

Find the value of β.

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2. Two forces P = i + 2j − 2k and Q = i + 2j + 2k each of magnitude 3 N act at the points A and B

with position vectors 3 k and −k, respectively. Find their vector sum R and their moment vector G

about the origin O. Hence, show that these two forces reduce to a single resultant force.

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Structure of Question Papers and Prototype questions for G.C.E.(A.L.) Examinations - 2019 Afterwards - Higher Mathematics

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3. A uniform solid right circular cone floats with its vertex above, axis vertical and two thirds of the
axis above the free surface in a liquid of constant density ρ. Show that the density of the cone is
19 ρ.
27
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4. The position vector of a particle P at time t, is given by r = a(cosωt) i + a(sinωt) j + (c ωt) k, where
a, c and ω are positive constants. Show that the velocity v of P is of constant magnitude ω√ a2+ c2
and v makes a constant angle with the OZ - axis. Find the displacement of P from its initial
position, when t = 2π .
ω

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Structure of Question Papers and Prototype questions for G.C.E.(A.L.) Examinations - 2019 Afterwards - Higher Mathematics

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5. A small smooth sphere moving vertically downwards with speed u strikes a fixed smooth plane of

inclination π to the horizontal and rebounds horizontally. Show that the coefficient of restitution
6
between the sphere and the plane is 1 and that the kinetic energy retained in the sphere is 1 of its
3 3
value just before impact.

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6. A uniform circular hoop of mass m and radius a can rotate freely in a vertical plane about a
horizontal axis through a point A in the hoop. The hoop is held with its centre C vertically above A
and then given a small displacement. Show that the velocity of the centre C when it is vertically
below A is √ 2ga .

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Structure of Question Papers and Prototype questions for G.C.E.(A.L.) Examinations - 2019 Afterwards - Higher Mathematics

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7. The discrete random variable X takes values ± 3, ± 1 only, with probabilities P(X = x) = k x , where
k is a positive constant.
2
(i) Find the value of k and E (X ).
(ii) Show that the standard deviation of X is √ 7 .

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8. The random variable X takes values 0, 1, 2 and 3 only. Given P(X ≤ 1) = 0.5, P(X ≤ 2) = 0.9 and
E(X ) = 1.3, obtain the probability distribution of X. Show that the value of Var(X) is approximately
equal to 1.

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Structure of Question Papers and Prototype questions for G.C.E.(A.L.) Examinations - 2019 Afterwards - Higher Mathematics

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9. The probability density function f(x) of a continuous random variable X defined only for
non-negative x, is as follows : f(x) = kx, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and f(x) = k , for x ≥ 1.
4
x
Find,
(i) the value of the constant k,
(ii) E(X), the mean of X, and
(iii) the mode of this probability distribution.

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10. The cumulative distribution function F(x), of a random variable X that is defined for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 is
given by F(x) = ax2 − 2x3. Find the value of the constant a, and show that E(X) = 1 . Also, find the
2
probability P( 1 ≤ X ≤ 3 ).
4 4

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Structure of Question Papers and Prototype questions for G.C.E.(A.L.) Examinations - 2019 Afterwards - Higher Mathematics

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60theat
to
angle !
horizo
an
the
60 ang
toho
6f
acting at the origin O and a couple of moment vector G. with
Express Rcentre
and G O in terms depth
of unithvectors
surface of the liquid. Write down the l
below the
i, j, kinand
a vertical
in ascalar
the vertical
in plane
a P.
vertical
in plane
aperpendicular
vertical
in plane
aperpendicular
vertical
in surface
aplane
perpendicular
vertical
to
plane
perpendicular
the
ofplane
toperpendicular
wall
thethe toperpendicular
by
wall
theatolight
liquid. wall
bythe
Writeatoby
light
inextensible
wall
the atolight
downinextensible
wall
by
theathe
inextensible
wall
by
lightstring
a by
light
inextensible
liquid string
awhich
light
inextensible
string
thrust which
inextensible
connects
onstring
which
connects
the string
whic
the
con
plate.s
Using R.G , !
integration, show that ! the !centre
Hence show
ring to that
ring tothe
thering
Othesystem
point
to
ring is
Othepoint
ring
to equivalent
shown
Othepoint
ring
to
shown
Oin
thepoint
to into
shown
the
Othe aOin
point wrench
diagram.
shown
the point
diagram.
shown of
theinShow pitch
diagram.
shown
theinShow
diagram.
that
thein =the
pShowO PˆRAShow
diagram.
that O P
90
diagram.
2that
and
ˆ AShow
=centre O=
that
and ˆthat
P90 ! its
ˆ A!axis
=and
AShow
O P
90
write
that O=anˆ Aisequation
P90
write
that
and O ˆ Aequatio
=and
P90
write
an =and !
90or
Using integration, show that the of pressure of thewrite
an eq
plate
a2
waa
along the line whose vector equation is G − r × R =lies Finditsp vertical
theaofin terms of
pR . on 2 a and obtain
diameter at athedepth
equations
equations
to
equations
determine
to
equations
determine
to
equations
determine
theequations
liestotension
on determine
theits
totension
determine
theoftotension
the
verticaldetermine
the
ofstring.
tension
the
the
ofstring.
diametertension
the
the
ofstring.
tension
at string.
the
depth thea string.
ofstring. below the centre O. h
position vector equation of the axis of the wrench, in the standard parametric form h r = r0 + λN ,
where suitable vectors r0 and N are A to plane A plane door S the
inaxis
theofshape of the r
8. A 8.
particle
A 8.particle
Aof8.
particle
mass
Aof8.particle
mass
m
Aof8.
is
particle
mass
m
A
placed
ofis ofbe
particle
mass
m
placed
onfound.
ismass
m door
placed
aofon
is aDeduce
rough
mass
m Splane
placed
on
is ain
rough
m Cartesian
the
placed
is
on
rough
planeshape
placed
inclined
a on
roughequation
plane of
inclined
a on
rough
at the
plane
inclined
a an
rough of
region
plane
atangle
inclineda
anplaneanbetween
atangle
inclined
at
to aan
anglethe two
inclined
the
attoa
angle a
horizontal
an
the
atto
angle anha
horizo
an
theto
wrench, and the direction cosines circles ofconcentric
of this line.
concentric radii a andcircles of radiionaa and
2a is located vertical 2a side
is locof

satisfying
satisfying
satisfying
the condition
the tan a tan
satisfying
condition
the > µatan
satisfying
that
condition > µatank
satisfying
the that
condition
the that> µafilled
tan
condition > µatan
tan
the, condition
that
where, that> µa > µ
µ , is
where µ , iswhere
that
where
the µ µ , is
coefficient
the, iswhere µ
coefficient
the where µ
coefficient
of
thefriction.
iscoefficient
of
thefriction.
iscoefficient
of
the
The
friction.
coefficient
of
particle
The
friction.
of
partic
The
fric
isop
tank filled
held in
held
equilibrium
held
in equilibrium
in
held
equilibrium
with
held
in equilibrium
held
with
in
a force
equilibrium
with
in
a force
equilibrium
P awith
applied
force
P with
applied
a force
Pupwards
with
applied
a force
P
upwards
aapplied
force
to
P
upwards
with a immersed
12. A circular plate of radius a is completely homogeneous with
liquid
vertically
athe
applied
to
Pupwards
particle
the
applied
toupwards
particle
homogeneousthealong
to
upwards
particle
thealong
density r . The
in aofhomogeneous
toaparticle
the
line
along
toaparticle
liquid
depth
liquid,
of
the
line
ofalong
greatest
aparticle
of
line
alon
grea
a of
density
of of the liqu
l
slopeslope
of the
slope
ofplane.
theslope
ofplane.
the
Show
slope
ofplane.
in Show
the
that
slope
theofplane.
Show
the
that aplane.
ofplane.
mg
tank the
Show
isthat
(sin
mg
6a. - µacos
Show
that
(sin
mg µ
aacos
-mg
Show
that
(sin
The µis
-£mga
Pacos
that
)(sin
door )(sina
µPa)cos
£freely
£
-mg
mg ££
-mg
(sin
(sinµP
aaacos
)£(sin
-+ µa
£mgµPacos
££
+mg
cos
)at
(sina
µ
aa)cos
P )£(sin
.£ µ
aacos
+mg
P £
)(sin
in the tank is 6a. The door is freely hinged
hinged its uppermost a
µa)cos
.+mg (sinµaacos
.+point. µa
)+ A
density ρ with its centre O at a depth h(≥ a) below the free surface of the liquid. Write down the
which show
liquid thrust on the plate. Using integration, is at athatdepth awhich
the centrebelow isthe
at afree
of pressure depth
of surface.
the platea lies Find
below on the theforce freet
9. Find
9. Find
the9.probability
Find the9.should
the9.probability
the
Find
9.probability
that
Find probability
the
Find
that
the
2 sum beofapplied
probability
the
that
the sum
probability
the
the
that
of
sum perpendicular
number
the
that
theof
sum
number
the
that
the
ofof
sum
number
the
dots
theof
of
sum tonumber
number
obtained
dots
the
of
of the
obtained
dots
theofindoor
number
obtained
dots atatofits
atofmost
inobtained
dots most
in lowest
3obtained
dots
tosses
at most
in point
3obtained
tosses
atofin
most
3antosses
atofin Btoss
most
3an tom
atof
its vertical diameter at a depth a below the centre O..should be applied perpendicular to the doo
unbiased
unbiased
standard
unbiased
standard
unbiased
die keep
withhstandard
standard
unbiased
die unbiased
1,
with
die
2,
standard
3,
with
1,die
4,
2,
standard
5,
3,
1,
with
die
and
4, 3,
2, 5,
with
1,6die
and
4,
2,
dots
5,
with
1,
3,6and
2,
4,
marked
dots
3,
1,
5,62,
4,
and
marked
dots
5,on
3, 64,
and
marked
dots
its
5,on
6six
and
marked
dots
itsfaces
on
6six
marked
dots
itsfaces
ison
six
marked
exactly
itsfaces
is
onsix
exactly
itsfaces
6.
is
onsix
exactly
itsfaces
6.
issix
exafa
6i

keep
A plane door S in the shape of the region between two concentric circles of radii a and 2a is
it closed.
located on a vertical side of a tank filled with a homogeneous it closed.
liquid of density ρ. The depth of the
10. The
10.mean
The
10. mean
The
and
10.mean
the
The
and
10.
mode
the
mean
The
and
10.
mode
of
the
mean
The
and
the
mode
of
mean
the
set
and
the
mode
of
of
the
and
set
seven
themode
of
of
the
set
seven
the
numbers
mode
of
ofset
seven
the
numbers
ofset
a,
seven
the
numbers
of
b,set
4,
seven
a,numbers
of
5,
b, 7,
seven
4,numbers
a, 4b,
5,and
7,
4,
a,numbers
4b,
5,
5and
7,
are
4, 4b,
a, 5,5equal,
and
7,
4,
a,
areb,
45equal,
5, and
7,
4,
are
where
45equal,
5, and
7,
where
area45eq
an
w
a
liquid in the tank is 6a. The door is freely hinged at its uppermost point A which is at a depth a

and band
are bpositive
and
arebpositive
and
below the free surface. Find the13.
areintegers.
bpositive
and
are Aare
particle
integers.
bforce
positive
andFind
integers. is
bpositive
are
Find
the projected
integers.
positive
values
Find
the
integers.
that should
values
the
Find
of ofvertically
integers.
avalues
and
Find
the
be applied
avalues
Find
and
the
ofand
avalues
b,and
the upwards
b,perpendicular
show
ofand to thewith
avalues
b,and
of
show
that
andab,and
of
show
the
that
and
adoor
b, speed
at its U from a
variance
and
the
show
that
andb,
variance
the
show
and
that
ofvariance
show
the
that
ofvarian
the
that
ofv
6 point
6 A6 on the 6 horizontal
6 6 13. A particle is projected vertically upwar
ground, in a medium which offers a
lowestseven
pointseven
Bnumbers
to seven
keep itis
numbers closed.
seven
numbers
.seven
isnumbers
.seven
isnumbers
.isnumbers
.is .is point
. A on the horizontal ground, in a med
7 7 resistance
7 7 kv7per unit
7 mass when its speed is v, where k is a
constant. Show that, the particle comes
resistance kv pertounit
rest mass
instantaneously afte
when its spe
time
13. A particle is projected vertically upwards with speed constant.
U from a point A on the
Show horizontal
that, ground, comes to
the particle
in a medium which offers a resistanceT kv
= per
1 æ g + kU ö
lnççunit mass÷÷ ,when its speed
at the time
pointisBv,at
where k is a constant.
a height H aboveShow
A, where
k è g ø
1 æ g + kU ö
that, the particle comes to rest instantaneously
kH = U - g T . after a time T = lnç ÷÷,, at
at the
thepoint
pointB atBa at a heigh
k çè g ø
height H above A, where kH = U − gT.
If the time taken
kH =by
U the
- g particle
T. for its downward motion,
starting
If the time taken by the particle from
for its rest at B,
downward until starting
motion, it reaches
fromArest
is Tat1 and its speed
B, until it at A is
If æthe timeö
taken by the particle for i
g + kU
reaches A is T1 and its speed at A is Ushow
1
showthat T1 = 1 lnfrom
that T +starting çç ÷÷..
rest at B, until it reaches A i
k è g - kU 1 ø

1 æ g + kU ö
show that T + T1 = lnç ÷.
k çè g - kU 1 ÷ø

Structure of Question Papers and Prototype questions for G.C.E.(A.L.) Examinations - 2019 Afterwards - Higher Mathematics

- 15 -
 By considering the motion of particle P relative to
otherwise, show that when the string becomes taut the
14. A particle P of mass m is attached to one end of a light inextensible string of
p length 2a, and
of the string to the vertical is
another particle Q of equal mass is attached to the other end of the string. Particle
.
3 P is held at a
point A and particle Q held at the point B distant a vertically below the point A. Initially, the
By considering conservation of angular momentum
particle P is given a horizontal velocity u and simultaneously, particle Q is released from rest at
point B. about its centre of mass, G, show further that
By considering the motion of particle P
(i)relative tojust
Q, orafter
otherwise, show thatbecomes
the string when the string
taut and als
becomes taut the inclination of the string to the vertical is π .
subsequent
3 motion of the system, the ang
By considering conservation of angular momentumthe of the
string about its centre of mass, G,
system
show further that
u
remains
(i) just after the string becomes taut and also in constant
the subsequent motionand equal
of the to the ;
system,
4a
angular velocity of the string remains constant and equal to u ;
(ii) the time 4a at which the string becomes ver
aæ 8p ö
below
(ii) the time at which the string becomes vertical with QQisis t1 =
P below ç 3+ ÷.
uè 3 ø
By considering the motion of G, and the motion of the system relative to G
By considering the motion of the centre of mass, G
(iii) show that the path of G inmotion
the subsequent
of themotion of the relative
system system is ato
parabola,
G and find the
horizontal and vertical distances of G from the point A, at time t = t1.
(iii)
show that the path of G in the subsequen

system is a parabola,
15. State the moment of inertia of a uniform circular and find
ring of massthe horizontal
M and andanvertical
radius a about axis dista
through its centre and perpendicular to its plane. the point A, at time t = t1.
Show, by integration that the moment of inertia of a uniform circular disc of mass M and radius
a about an axis through its centre and perpendicular to its plane is 1 Ma2.
2

The ring and the disc independently roll (without slipping) down lines of greatest slope of a
fixed plane inclined at an angle α to the horizontal, each body starting from rest with their
centres on the same straight horizontal line, at time t = 0.
Using the principle of conservation of energy, show that the speeds v and V, of the centres of the
ring and the disc, after rolling through a distance x down the plane are given by v2 = gx sin α and
V = 4g x sin α, respectively.
2

3

Hence, or otherwise, find the acceleration of each body, and show that the disc moves through

a distance 1 gt2 sin α more than the distance moved by the ring.
12

Structure of Question Papers and Prototype questions for G.C.E.(A.L.) Examinations - 2019 Afterwards - Higher Mathematics

- 16 -
16. (a) Let X denote the random variable “the number of successes in n independent trials, each
with success probability p (0 < p < 1).”, and let X follow a binomial distribution, with probability
n n−x x
function P(X = x) = Cx (1 − p) p , x = 0, 1, 2, .... n.
Show that P(X = x) ≤ P(X = x + 1), if and only if x ≤ (n + 1) p − 1.
Suppose a particular marksman makes several independent trials to hit a specified target, and the
probability that he succeeds in hitting the target in each trial is 0.3.
(i) If the number of trials the marksman makes is 8, find the number of successes with the
highest probability.
(ii) Find the least number of trials the marksman should make, in order that the probability of
hitting the target at least once is greater than 80%.

(b) A discrete random variable R follows a geometric distribution whose probability function is
r−1
given by P(R = r) = q p, r = 1, 2, 3,…, where 0 < p < 1 and q = 1 – p.
Show that
r
(i) the cumulative distribution function, P(R ≤ r) = 1 – q , and
(ii)
P(R > s + t R > s) = P(R > t) , for any two positive integers s and t.

17. (a) Time interval X (in minutes) between consecutive arrival times of buses (in a certain route) at a
exponential
bus stop A is a randomdistribution with
variable and X follows density
an exponential function
distribution with density function
- lx
ì le , if x ³ 0,
f ( x) = í
î 0, otherwise.
Here λ is a positive parameter. Find the mean m and the standard deviation s of the random
Find the mean µ and the standard deviation s of the random
variable X, in terms of the parameter λ.
variable X, in terms of the parameter l appearing in
Now let the parameter λ = 1 and suppose that a bus (in this particular route) arrived at the
10
the density
stop A at 7.00 function
a.m. Find thef(x).
probability that the next bus (in the same route) will arrive at the
stop
NowA between
let the7.15 a.m. and 7.30 a.m.1 .
parameter Suppose that a bus in this
l=
10
[It may be assumed that e –1.5 ≈ 0.2231.]
particular route arrived at the stop A at 7.00 a.m.
(b) Find
The times
theY probability
(in minutes) taken
thatbythe
an express
next train
bus to(in
travel
thefrom one route)
same station S1will
to the next station

S2 is a random
arrive at the variable
stop Awhich follows
between a normal
7.15 a.m. distribution
and 7.30 witha.m.a mean of 40 minutes and a
standard deviation of 5 minutes.
[It may be assumed that e -1.5 » 0.2231 .]
Suppose an express train left the station S1 at 2.00 p.m. and started to travel towards the station

S2,
(b) (i) Find
Thethetimes Y (inthat
probability minutes) taken
the train will bystation
reach an express
S2 before train to travel
2.45 p.m.
from
(ii) one
Given station
that the trainShad
1 to the next station S2 is
arrived at station S2 before a random
2.45 variable
p.m., find the probability that the train
had arrived at station S before 2.30 p.m.
which follows a normal
2
distribution with a mean of 40 minutes

and a standard deviation of 5 minutes.
Suppose an express train left the
* *station
* S1 and started to travel
towards the station S2 , at 2.00 p.m.
(i) Find the probability that the train will reach station S2
before 2.45 p.m.
Structure of Question Papers and Prototype questions for G.C.E.(A.L.) Examinations - 2019 Afterwards - Higher Mathematics
(ii) Given that the train had arrived at station S2 before 2.45
- 17 -
p.m, find the probability that the
train had arrived at station S before 2.30 p.m.