xak/kh xksa/kG

© Himani Savarkar,

Savarkar Bhavan, Raja Thakur Path, Shanivar Peth, Pune.

tel :+912025544751

Internet Rights are with Swatantryaveer Savarkar Rashtriya

Smarak Trust, Dadar, Mumbai
 xak/kh xksa/kG
1- Lokra«;kpk ekxZ
^R;kpk ;sGdksV jkghukA
ewG LoHkko tkvhuk AA*
&rqdkjke

vsd&nhM o”kkZiwohZ tsOgk egkRekthauh izfl/n dsys dh] vkrk vki.k jktdkj.kkr u iMrk
[kknhP;k fo/kk;d dk;ZØeklp okgwu ?ks.kkj] rsOgk R;kaP;k osMxG fu xekvw jktdkj.kkl
daVkGysY;k fu R;k lkoGkxksa/kGkP;k ekxs ykxY;kus jktdkj.kkpk xsY;k lgk o”kkZr tks ckstokjk
vqMkyk fu R;kus Lons’kkph th Hk;adj fn’kkHkwy >kyh rh ikgwu vR;ar nq%f[kr >kysY;k izR;sd
ns’kHk‰kl FkksMs rjh gk;ls okVys gksrs- okVys gksrs dh] vkrk rjh ;kiq<s egkRekth R;kaP;k
Kkukckgsj] R;kaP;k cq/nhckgsj fu R;kaP;k ‘k‰hckgsj] vlysY;k jktdkj.kkP;k {ks=kr ulrh vqBkBso
d:u fu vfgalk] vlgdkfjrk fo/kk;d dk;ZØe fvR;knh HkkjkHkj iksdG ‘kCnkal p?kGhr clwu
jk”Vªkrhy r:.k fi<hpk rstksHkax dj.;kpk ns’k?kkrd O;kikj dj.;kps lksMwu vkiyk pj[kk cjk dh
vki.k cjs] vls orZu Bsorhy- i.k ikgkos rks ^jktdkj.kkr vki.k iM.kkj ukgh* gk fu’p; izfl/n
d:ugh iqUgk vkiY;k jk”Vªh; lHksr vqifLFkr jkgwu ‘kD;rks vkiY;k R;k iwohZP;k osMXkG
dk;ZØekl vqpywu /kj.;kiklwu rs ukxiwjP;k lR;kxzgkP;k izdj.kh fyfgysyh fHkdkj i=s
/kkM.;ki;Zar xka/khthauh jktdkj.kkr ;srk tkrk <oGk<oG dj.;kps dke pkywp Bsoys vkgs-
dkj.k R;kauh ^eh jktdkj.kkr iM.kkj ukgh* Eg.kwu ts EgVys rs ns[khy tsOgk fu:ik; >kyk
rsOgkp EgVysys gksrs- LojkT;i{k jk”Vªh; lHksP;k dk;Zdkjh eaMGkP;k cSBdhrwu ¼vgenkcknkP;k vkW-
fva- dkaW- d- P;k lHksrwu½ vqBwu xsys vlrkgh eksB;k rksÚ;kus xka/khthauh EgVys gksrs] ^fpark ukgh]
uqlrh [kksxhjHkjrh goh d’kkyk\ nksu vuq;k;h vqjys rjh iqjs!* ijarq iq<s tsOgk iqjrs nksu
vuq;k;hns[khy vls [kachj feGsukr dh] T;kaP;k tksjkoj jk”Vªh; lHksl [kknhizpkfj.kh lHkk cuowu
fu fof/keaMGkr ljdkjh foi{kkl vkiys jkT; okVsy rls gkd.;kl ekXkZ fu”daVd d:u nsvwu
vki.kkl —r—R; gksrk ;svhy] rsOgk ex ik; yViVw ykxys- R;k cSBdhrp egaenvYyhaph fu
xka/khthaph rh jMkjM] rh gÍh fujk’ksph vklos fu ‘ksoVph rh ‘kj.kkxrh gh T;kaP;k /;kukr vkgsr]
R;kaP;k gs rsOgkp y{kkr ;svhy dh] xka/khthapk jktdkj.kkrwu ik; tsOgk vq[kMyk xsyk rsOgkp] eh
vkrk jktdkj.kkP;k {ks=kr ik; Vkdhrp ukgh Eg.kwu rs Eg.kw ykxys- eh Økarhdkjdkal uke’ks”k
dj.;klkBh caxkY;kr tkr vkgs Eg.kwu vxMcac izfrKk d:u rs lR—R; dj.;klkBh gk lk/kqiq:”k
ljdkjP;k vk’khokZnklg ckgsj iMyk- i.k rhu efgus thokpk vkVkfiVk d:ugh caxkY;krhy
jkT;ØkarhP;k xqIr pGoGhapk xGk ?kksV.ks ‘kD; >kys ukgh- frdMs fof/keaMGkr iwohZps loZ
vlgdkfjrkoknh f’kjys- fganw la?kVukP;k izpaM pGoGhpk vqn; gksvwu R;k f[kykQrhP;k vkQrhps
izsr vsdnkps tkGwu Vkdys xsys] v’kk jhrhus Økafrdkjdkar fdaok fof/keaMGkar] fganwr fdaok
eqlyekukar dksBsp dks.kh fopkjhr ukghls >kY;koj ex tks laU;kl R;kauk ?;kokp ykxyk gksrk] rks
jktdkj.kkpk laU;kl vki.k gksvwu ?ks.;kpk cgk.kk dj.;kr vkyk-
i.k cGkcGkus T;kl laU;kl ns.;kr ;srks R;k loZ laU;k’kkaph th n’kk gksrs] rhp
xka/khthaphgh gksvwu rs [kknhdk;kZr tjh x<ysys fnlr gksrs] rjh FkksMk oko feGrkp jktdkj.kkr
<oGk<oG dj.;klkBh R;kaps eu lkj[ks pqGcwG djhr vkgs] gh xks”V ekxs vusd osGk vq?kMdhl
vkyh gksrhp- ijarq R;kauh tsOgk jktdkj.kkr dkgh dkG iMr ukgh Eg.kwu ekxs EgVys rsOgkp]
jk”VªfgrkP;k í”Vhus drZO; vlys rjh rs djrkuk eukl nq%[k ns.kkjs vls R;kaP;k ns’kfo?kkrd
jktdkj.kkoj Vhdk dj.;kps dk;Z] vki.kkl iqUgk gkrh ?;kos ykx.kkj ukgh Eg.kwu vkEgkl vkuanp
>kyk vlY;kus] vkEgh xka/khthaP;k vlgdkjh Hkk”ksP;k fu vfgalkRed lR;kxzg fvR;knh ‘kCnkaP;k
vqPpkjklj’kh e/kwu e/kwu ;s.kkÚ;k ;k QsiÚ;kP;k >VD;kadMs nqyZ{kp djhr xsyks- ijarq ijok R;kauh
ukxiwjP;k lR;kxzgkP;k izdj.kh th i=s fu ^;ax fvafM;k*r ts ys[k fyfgys vkgsr] R;kar यांनी जी
अ यंत तर काराह वधाने केल यांचा lekpkj ?ks.ks vkrk vxnh vifjgk;Zp >kysys vlY;kus ;k
fo”kkjh rŸoKkukpk lki vkiyh QMk iqUgk oj dj.;kP;k vk/khp R;kl Bspwu Vkd.;kpk iz;Ru
dj.ks izkIr gksr vkgs-
rŸoKku dlys] rs rŸoKku vkgs\ rŸokaps xk< vKku gsp R;krhy vuU; rRo vkgs-
lR;kxzgkph ehekalk djrkuk gs lkcjerhps Je.k Eg.krkr] ^tks lR;kxzgh vlsy rks ‘kL= ?ksvhyp
d’kkyk\ rks lR;klkBh Lor% dkgh vsd izfrdkj u djrk Lor%ps cfynku nsvhy- v’kk
lR;kxzgkykp vfgalkRed lR;kxzg Eg.krk ;svhy!* gks; dk\ i.k vki.k vfgalsph uqdrhp vsd
O;k[;k dsyh gksrh rh fvrdh rkth vkgs dh] vki.k iwohZ dk; cksyyks gksrks gs izlax iMrkp
iw.kZi.ks fol:u tk.;kph fdaok ती vsd पहाडी चुक झाल हणून वतःसच मख ू Bjowu ?ks.;kl
u dpj.;kph foljHkksGh dyk T;k vki.kkl vqR—“Vi.ks voxr vkgs- R;k vki.kklns[khy rh
ukdkjrk fdaok foljrk ;s.ks ‘kD; ukgh- filkGysyh dq=h ekjkoh fdaok ukgh] dk R;kaukgh
?kjtko;klkj[ks ikgq.kpkj djhr iks’khr cl.kkÚ;k fu ;sR;k tkR;k ek.klkl pkowu ek: ns.kkÚ;k
vfgalsps iq.; laiknu djkos- ;k iz‹kkps vqŸkj nsrkuk vki.k lkafxrys gksrsr dh] vf/kdrj vfgalk
VkG.;klkBh th vYi fgalk vifjgk;Zi.ks djkoh ykxrs rh /kE;Z gks; fu R;kizek.ks filkGysY;k
dq«;kal canqdhP;k xksG;k ?kkywu tsOgk ekj.;kr vkys] rsOgk tSu lektkrhy gtkjks yksdkauh lHkk
Hkjowu vkiyk rhoz fu”ks/k d:u vkiY;kl ^egkRek* Eg.k.;klgh canh dsyh( rFkkfi vki.k fgalsph
rh dsysyh O;k[;k ijr ?ksryh ukgh fdaok R;k filkGysY;kl canqdhus ekj.;kpk fu”ks/k dsyk ukgh-
i.k vkrk rqEgh ts i=kr fyfgysr dh] ^lR;kxzgh ‘kL= vls d/kh /kj.kkjp ukgh- R;kyk
uqlrs lR; vkpjhr ejko;kps rso<s ekghr!* R;ko:u rj filkGysY;k dq«;kal ekj.;klkBh ns[khy
lR;kxzgh canqd fdaok dks.krsgh ‘kL= ?ks.kkj ukgh vls fl/n gksrs! filkGysys dq=s pkoY;koj rks
lR;kxzghgh tsOgk filkGsy rsOgk rks tks dk; nkrkapk vqi;ksx djhy rsOk<kp ‘kL=kxzg ek=
lR;kxzgkP;k ifo= d{ksr ;svw ‘kdrks! filkGysY;k dq«;ka’kh izlax iMyk vlrk R;kapk izfrdkj
dj.ks Eg.kts ‘kL= u ?ksrk R;kaP;kleksj vqHks jkgwu R;kal uqlrs Eg.kr jgko;kps dh] ^vgks
filkGysY;k dq=ksth! pko.ks vlR; vkgs- eyk pkow udk- ;kvqij pkor vlkyp rj gk eh
lR;kxzgh ohj rqEgh pkor vlrkuk vsd ikvqyHkj ns[khy ekxs u gksrk fdaok gkrh ‘kL= ?ksvwu
rqepk izfrdkj u djrk rlkP;k rlkp pkowu ?ksrks fu rqEgkl fvrjkauk vlsp pkor fQj.;kl
eksdGs lksMrks!* ;kps uko ‘kq/n lR;kxzg!
tsOgk vfgalsph O;k[;k xka/khthauh filkGysY;k dq«;kafo”k;h fyfgrkuk v’kh dsyh dh]
vf/kdrj fgalk VkGko;kl vifjgk;Z v’kh vYi fgalk drZO;p Bjrs] rsOgk vkEgkl okVys dh]
tUeHkj BspkGr dk gksvhuk i.k ‘ksoVh ;k tUehp xka/khthaukgh vfgalspk vFkZ FkksMk dGw ykxyk-
xka/khth R;kaP;k jktdkj.kh vk;q”;kr th dkgh ‘kq/nhoj vlY;klkj[kh vsd&nksu okD;s cksyys
vkgsr] R;kar ;k ojhy okD;kaph x.kuk vkEgh dsyh( ijarq xka/khthaph ‘kq/nhns[khy R;kaP;k LokHkfod
cs’kq/nhrhyp vsd {k.k vlrks- uo[;k eqykpk use psaMwQGhr tlk d/kh pqdwu cjkscj ykxrks- rls
jktdkj.kkP;k Mkokr xka/khth vs[kk|k osGh ts cjkscj cksywu fdaok d:u tkrkr rs ns[khy pqdwup
dsysys vlrs- dkj.k nqlÚ;kp {k.kh rs R;k cjkscj —R;kykp pwd Eg.k.;kph vk.k[kh vsd pwd
gVdwu djhr vlrkr- tj lR;kxzgh gk fvrdk iw.kZ vfgalkRed izk.kh vlrks- dh] ‘kL= gkrkr
/kj.ks gs ns[khy rks iki letrks] uhfrcká letrks] rj ex filkGysY;k i™kkl dq«;kal vsd=
dksaMwu R;kal canqdhus Bkj ekjfo.;kps —R; djfo.kkjk gk vsd fgaL= gR;kjhp Bjr ukgh dk;\
teZu y<kvhP;k osGpk rks ^lSU;kar Hkjrh Ogk! fvaxztkl foukvV lká nsvwu j.kkax.kkar ;q/nkl
tk* Eg.kwu vksjMr fQj.kkjk rks lSU;HkjrhlkBh useysY;k ljdkjh vMR;kapk /kqjh.k! rks dks.k\
fvaxztkal foukvV lká ns.;klkBh teZukal ‘kL=kus foukvV ekj.;kl vqŸkstu nsr vktkjh iMsrks
fgaM.kkjk rks osMkihj&rksgh vfgalspkp Hk‰ gksrk ukgh\ vkiY;k ns’kk’kh fe=Ro tksMw fvfPN.kkÚ;k
‘ksdMks teZukauk R;kaps fganqLFkku’kh oSj ulrkuk likli dkiwu dk<.ks gh fgalk gksr ukgh\ i.k ts
vkeps fi<htkr ‘k=w &R;kaP;kfo:/n dsoG vkRelaj{k.kklkBh ‘kL= /kj.ks Eg.kts ek= fgalk gksrs!
Ukqlrs ‘kL= /kj.ks ghgh xks”V lR;kxzgkl ykftjok.kh vlrs! Ekx tsOgk Lor%P;k ftokoj csryh rsOgk
dk l’kL= MkWDVjkl cksykowu iksVkoj drZu d:u ?ksrysr\ rqeP;k iksVkr olrhl ;svwu [kkvwu
fivwUk lq[kh vlysY;k vs[kk|k vkWLVsªfy;kP;k olkgrhizek.ks HkjHkjkVr tk.kkjs rs jksxk.kawps jk”VªkP;k
jk”Vª R;k MkWDVjkP;k ‘kL=kus rqEgh dŸky d:u Vkdysr ukgh dk\ ex rh fgalk d’kh ekuoyh\
R;k jksxk.kwaP;k fdaok teZukaP;k iq<s] lR;kxzgh ohjkaps ts drZO; vki.k vkrk lkaxr vkgk] rls uqlrs
vqHks jkgwu R;kaP;k —R;kpk fu”ks/k djhr vki.k ej.kh esyk dk ukgh\
ijarq egkRekthaps ân; ftrds fo’kky fu vq™kr vkgs] frrdhp R;kaPkh cq/nh vkdqafpr fu
अप व vkgs- vfgalk] n;k] {kek] fvR;knh d.kZe/kqj ‘kCnkal R;kaps dksey ân; Hkqywu tkrs- ijarq
R;k ‘kCnkarhy lR; rŸokps ;FkkrF; vkdyu dj.;kps lkeF;Z R;kaP;k cq/nhr ulY;kus fu rls
lkeF;Z vkiY;k cq/nhr ukgh gsgh let.;kfvrdh foospu’k‰h R;kal vqjyh ulY;kus rs dsOgk
dkgh rj dsOgk dkghp cksywu tkrkr- okLrfod ikgrk vfgalsph oj fnysyh O;k[;k fganw
/keZxzaFkkaP;k ikukikukaoj [kksnysyh vkgs- i.k rh i™kk’kh vqyVY;koj xka/khth f’kdw ykxys fu yxsp
f’kdko;kl ykxY;kiklwu vsd o”kZ lai.;kiwohZp fol:ugh xsys- iqUgk fygw ykxys dh] ß[kjk
lR;kxzgh ‘kL=kyk f’ko.;kpk fopkjns[khy eukyk f’kow nsr ukgh- ykBhns[khy gkrh ?ks.ks gs
lR;kxzgkP;k fo:/n vkgs- ek= vkEgkl ikjra«;kr Mkacwu Bso.kkÚ;k fvaxztkaP;k lkákFkZ] vkeP;k
Lokra«;izkIrhP;k dk;hZ lkgk¸; nsvw fvfPN.kkÚ;k teZukauk canqdh ryokjhafu’kh Bkj ekj.ks gs
lR;kxzgkP;k rŸokl fu ozrkl lktslsp vlrs! vkti;Zar v’kk izdkjph ijLijfo:/n Hkk”;s fu
dk;sZ xka/khthaP;k gkrwu fvrdh ?kMyh vkgsr dh] R;akph vsd xkFkkp xqaQrk ;svhy- vFkZghu
‘kCnkauh fu cqf/nghu vFkkZauh R;kaph okD;s fu dk;sZ [kpk[kp Hkjysyh vlrkr- LojkT;] [kknh] ‘kq/n
Lons’kh] vlg;ksx] lR;kxzg] vfgalk] vlgdkj fvR;knh ‘kCnkauh vkt ikp&lgk o”ksZ vqH;k
fganqLFkkukr tks xka/kh&xksa/kG ektfoyk vkgs] R;kyk gs egkjk”Vª rjh vkrk foVwu xsysys vkgs- ;k
izR;sd ‘kCnkP;k fvrD;k ijLijfojks/kh O;k[;k fu vFkZ xka/khthauh dsysys vkgsr dh] R;kauk vsd=
xqaQys vlrk vs[kk|k filkVkykgh iksV /kj/k:u glw ;svhy- ijarq ;k xksa/kGkus jk”Vªdk;kZpk fvrdk
pqjkMk d:u Vkdyk vkgs fu jk”Vªkpk rstksHkax d:u R;kl fvrds vdeZ.; d:u Bsoys vkgs dh]
R;keqGs R;k frVdkÚ;klj’kh eukr fouksnh Hkkouk vqRi™k u gksrk xaHkhj nq%[kkosxkus fu Øks/kkus eukr
frjLdkjp vqRi™k gksrks-
ukxiqjP;k ‘kL=kxzgkrhy pqdhph dqlGs fuoMhr xka/khth Eg.krkr dh] lR;kxzgkpk fo”k;
‘kL=kpk fucZa/k ¼vkElZ vWDV½ ulwu R;kps eq[; /;s; caxkyP;k jktcanhaph lqVdk gs vkgs- rsOgk
‘kL=kapk fucZa/k rksM.ks gs fo”k;karj gksr vkgs- i.k jkSysV fucZa/kkP;k fo:/n tsOgk lR;kxzg lq:
dj.;kr vkyk] rsOgk jkSyV fucZa/kkpk opik Eg.kwu eqacvhyk xka/khthauh Lor%p eqnz.k fucZa/k
rksMyk fu rs tIr iqLrds fodhr lqVys- R;kosGh R;koj dkghauh gkp vk{ksi ?ksryk gksrk dh] jkSysV
fucZa/k rksMk] R;kP;klkBh gk nqljk fucZa/k rksM.ks gs fo”k;karj vkgs- i.k rsOgk tj dks.kR;kgh vU;k¸;
fucZa/kkl dsOgkgh rksM.ks l;qf‰d gksvw ‘kdys rj vktgh ‘kL=fucZa/kklkj[kk vR;ar viekukLin
fucZa/k rksM.ksgh l;qf‰d dk gksvw u;s\ i.k eh Eg.ksu rh iwoZ fn’kk vlyh ikfgts vls eku.;kpk
vgadkj] Lor% iwohZ th iwoZ fn’kk EgVyh rhp vkrk if‹;e fn’kk Eg.kko;kl u dpj.;kfvrdk
fu<kZoysyk vlrksp vlrks-
;kP;kgh iq<s tkvwu rs Eg.krkr dh] ts fucZa/k uhfrewYk vlrkr rs eksM.;kP;k pGoGhyk
lR;kxzg gs uko ‘kksHkrp ukgh- pksjhpk fucZa/k rksM.;kizek.ksp ‘kL=fucZa/k rksM.ks gsgh uhrhP;k í”Vhus
lR;kxzgkP;k fo:/n vkgs! Lolaj{k.kklkBhns[khy gkrkr ‘kL= /kj.ks &uqlrs /kj.ks ns[khy! &T;k
euq”;kyk pksjh dj.;kfvrdsp ikiizn okVrs R;kyk teZukaph dŸky dj.;klkBh fvaxzth lSU;kr
Hkjrh gks.ks ek= ikiizn okVr ukgh] v’kkP;k rksaMh rjh dk; ykxkos\
vkf.k rjhns[khy tksoj xsY;k ikp&lgk o”kkZr vqRi™k >kysyk izKkghu HkkcM;kaPkk vlk
vsd oxZ ns’kkr ftoar vkgs dh] T;kl rks iksdG ‘kCnkapk lkoGk xksa/kGp dks.;k xw<
rŸoKkuklkj[kk Hkklwu R;k cq/nhP;k va/kdkjkr /kM/kMhr fnl.kkÚ;k xksa"Vhgh fnlsuk’kk gksrkr& rksoj
ojhylkj[;k ckfy’k ‘kCnPNykphgh vs[kk|k egŸokP;k fo”k;kizek.ks fpfdRlk djhr cl.ks izkIrp
gksrs-
ns’kHk‰ vkokjh ;kauh pkyw dsysyk gk lR;kxzg vlk fu”QG] vuhfrdkjd] vR;kpkjh fu
lR;kxzgh euq”;kl u ‘kksHk.;klkj[kk vkgs Eg.kwu lkafxrY;kuarj caxkyh jktcanhl lksMfo.kkjk
lQy] uhfrdkjd] vuR;kpkjh fu lR;kxzgh izk.;kl ‘kksHk.kkjk vlk nqljk vsd vqik; egkRekth
R;kl ys[kkr ije dk:f.kdi.ks lkaxrs >kyk vkgsr] rksgh vxnh vSd.;klkj[kk fu
inkFkZlaxzgky;kr vs[kk|k izLrj;qxkrhy gkMdkP;k doVh’kstkjh jk[kwu Bso.;klkj[kk vkgs- rs
 Eg.krkr] ^ukxiqjkgwu vsdsd euq”;kus ik;h pkyr dydŸ;kl tkos- पायी न चालता आले तर रे वे
ने जावे.’ fu djkos dk;\ tsFks rs jktcanh vVdsr vlrhy R;kaiSdh vs[kk|k fBdk.kkoj yk[kks
yksdkauh fudjkpk gYyk d:u Ýsapkauh ckLVkfvy rksMwu Vkdyk rls rs Bk.ks rksMwu QksMwu jktcanh
eq‰ djkos\ f’ko! Rkls dkgh ukgh! rj xka/khth Eg.krkr] ^izR;sdkus ukxiwjgwu ik;h fu?kkos(
dydŸ;kl tkos vu~ FksV xOguZjP;k caxY;koj p<w nsrhy frrds p<wu vksjMkos] ^jktcafnokukal
lksMk!* iqjs- fvrds vksjMwu Lor%yk can d:u ?ksÅu dkjkxkjkr iMkos- ;k jkeck.k vqik;kr
fvrD;kojgh dkgh dlwj jkghy v’kh ‘kadk ;svwu xka/khyh iq<s Eg.krkr] ^i.k ák lR;kxzghus laiw.kZ
fu:iæoh fu fu%’kL= vlysp ikfgts!*
dk; i.k vqik; lqpfoyk\ ukxiwjgwu ik;h dydŸ;kl tkos Eg.kts r:.k eqysns[khy R;krp
vkY;kus lR;kxzgkph v/khZ vf/kd thou’k‰h izoklkus lqdwu tk.kkj&ukghrj jsYosus tkos& Eg.kts izR;sd
lR;kxzákps HkkMs Hkjrk Hkjrk R;kP;k rqViqatk fu/khps gtkjks :i;s jsYosP;k foyk;rh dII;kr vk;rs iM.kkj
fu gs gtkjks :i;s fdaok R;k ik;kl QksM ;svwu lkaMysY;k j‰kP;k /kkjk [kpwZu varh djk;ps dk;\ rj
xOguZjP;k nkjk’kh&tkvw nsrhy rj&tkvwu uqlrs vksjMk;ps] ^lksM] jktcafnokukal lksM!* uqlrs vksjMk;ps!!!
t.kw dk; xOguZj tUecf/kj vkgs- ukxiwjyk yksd vkiY;k ck;dka’kh Lo;aikd?kjkr dk; cksyrkr gs
T;k xOguZjkauk vpwd dGrs] R;kauk R;kaP;k caxY;kik’kh vksjM.;kus t.kw dkgh vf/kd vSdw ;s.kkj vkgs!
t.kw dk; ukxiwjP;k lHksrwu fu iFkkarwu ^jktcafnokukal lksMk* gh vqBysyh vkjksGh R;k xOguZjauk vSdwp
xsyh ukgh&rh caxY;koj vksjM.;kus tk.kkj vkgs!
i.k ex vkEgh Eg.krks] vlyh laathouh lkiMyh vlrk rh dsoG jktca|kP;k lqVdslkj[;k vsdk
foof{kr O;k/khoj dk [kpZ djk\ loZ jksxkaps ewG ts ikjra«; rsp dk R;k vqik;kP;k veks?k vL=kus
¼pqdyks!! [kknhP;k lqrkus½ dkiwu dk<w u;s! dydŸ;kP;k xOguZji;Zarp dk Fkkack! vkEgh xka/kkGysY;k
izR;sd lR;kxzgh ohjkl vls lqpforks dh] izR;sdkus izFke dk’ehjyk fgeky;ki;Zar p<wu tkos- uarj rsFkwu
ik;h fu?kwu xkschps okGoaV vqr:u] e`r leqæ iksgwu dkWds’kl vksykaMwu uhV fvaXyaMyk ikspkos fu ik;h
ikspkos- ex diMs cnywu] Luku d:u] ekufld] dkf;d fu okfpd vkRe’kq/nh djhr djhr vxnh iw.kZi.ks
tho fujL= vu~ fu:iæoh >kyk Eg.kts fvaXyaMps jkts T;k cfdaxgWe jkteafnjkr jkgrkr R;kp eafnjkP;k
vax.kkr&tkvw nsrhy rsFki;Zar& tkos fu vksjMkos] ^LojkT; |k!*
gks! vksjMwup tj dke gksrs rj uqlrs caxkyP;k jktcafnokukal lksMk] vso<sp ekx.ks dk
ekxk!&izR;{k tkWtZegkjktkaP;k jkteafnjkiq<s tkvwu LojkT;kph fHk{kkp injkr ?ksvwu ijr dk u ;k! ekxs
lqrkus lgk efgU;kar LojkT; feGfo.;kpk vqik; xka/khthauh lkafxryk gksrk- i.k ;k uO;k vksjM.;kP;k
vqik;kiq<s R;k vqik;kpsgh rst fQôsp iMrs ;kr ‘akdk ukgh- LojkT;klkBh vqik;koj vqik; fcpkjk egkRek
lkaxr vkgs! i.k djkos dk;! ^;k egkjk”Vªkrhy yksdkar J/nkp ukgh!*
vsd osG gs vlys vqik;ns[khy ckfy’k Eg.kwu FkksMsls glr euq”; cktwl lk: ‘kdsy- i.k R;k
vqik;kaps eeZ lkax.;klkBh tsOgk xka/khth R;kaP;k osMlj rŸoKkukph Hkk”kk cksyw ykxrkr rsOgk glw
;s.ksns[khy v’kD; gksvwu R;k fof{kIrrsph vxnh f’klkjh ;svw ykxrs- dkj.k R;kaP;k vqik;kauh HkkcM;k
yksdkaph fvrdh fn’kkHkwy gksr ukgh dh] ftrdh R;kaP;k osMlj rŸoKkukus gksrs! ;kp vqik;kafo”k;h rs iq<s
Eg.krkr] ^ वfpr v’kk dydŸ;kl ik;h tkvwu vksjM.;kus dk;Zfl/nh yodj gks.kkj ukgh( i.k gs lokZauh
/;kukr /kjkos dh] vkReR;kx varh lQy gksrks!*
okgokjs vkReR;kx! vgks T;k lk/kukus fvrj loZ lk/kukarwu vYirj R;kxkus vf/kdrj izek.kkr
lk/; laikfnys tkrs] R;k lk/kuklkBh tks djkok ykxrks R;kyk [kjk LokFkZR;kx fu ;FkkFkZ vkReR;kx
Eg.krkr- ijarq lk/; izkIr dj.;kl tks ekxZ lokZr vf/kd d”Vnk;h fu fu”QG vlrks rksp pks[kkG.;kps
d”V tk.kwucqtwu vaxhdkj.kkjk euq”; vkReR;kx djhr ulwu vkReuk’k djhr vlrks- eqacvhgwu eæklyk
tk.ks rj eækl jsYosus u tkrk izFke fgeky;kdMs tkvwu] ex tikue/kwu vesfjdsr vqr:u ;qjksiekxsZ
eæklyk tk.kkjk osMlj fu fof{kIri.kk ákpk vkReR;kx ulwu vkReuk’k gks;- dsoG vkReR;kx O;FkZ tkr
ukgh Eg.kwu ?kjkleksjph lqihd ‘ksrh Vkdwu nsvwu Eg.ks lgkjkP;k okGoaVkr ‘ksrh djk! dsoG
vkReR;kxkdfjrkp vlsy rj ex dydŸ;kl tk.;klkBh foyk;rh jsYosr iSlk rjh dk vksrk\ ukxiwjP;k
vsdk tqU;k fofgjhP;k dkBkoj vqHks jgkos]^jktcafnokukal lksMk* Eg.kwu vksjMkos fu R;k vkMkr xG;k’kh
nxM cka/kwu ?ksvwu vqMh Vkdkoh fu tho |kok!
Ns! vkReR;kx] vkRecy] lR;kxzg] vfgalk lR; fvR;knh xksaMl ukok[kkyh fgr’k=wlp
‘kksHk.;klkj[kk jk”Vªkpk tks rstksHkax vkti;Zar dj.;kr vkyk rks iqjs >kyk! jktdkj.kkpk iksj[ksG d:u
Vkdyk rks iqjs >kyk- gk xka/kh&xksa/kG vkrk iqjs >kyk! Eg.ks dydŸ;kl ik;h tk fu vksjMk! gks] tj
rqEgkl jk”VªklkBh [kjks[kjp dkgh d:u nk[kok;ps vlsy] rj gs ckfy’k rŸoKku fu gs षंढतेचे ‘kkL=
ifgY;kus ik;k[kkyh rqMowu Vkdk! पु हा ^gs —R; lR;kxzg vkgs dh ukgh* gk iz’u vs[kk|k vkthlkj[kk
fopkjhr u clrk vs[kk|k f’kokthlkj[ks fvrdsp ikgk dh] rs —R; vsdanjhr vki.kkl vYikr vYi
LokFkZR;kx djko;kl ykowu nq”V foi{kkph vf/kdkr vf/kd gkuh djhr vkgs dh ukgh! Ekx R;kl HkkcMsfxjh
fdaok HkkeVsfxjh] lR;kxzg Eg.kks fdaok ‘kL=kxzg Eg.kks!
Rkks eqlksfyuh ikgk( lw;kZl vkPNknwu Vkdhy vls nkV y<kvw foekukaps Nr fvVkyhl ?kkyw ikgr
vkgs- rks ysfuu ikgk( rks VªkVLdh ikgk] cksyrk cksyrk >kj’kkgh vqyFkwu ikMwu ;qjksikrhy jktka’kh >qat
[ksG.kkjs vkj‰ lSfudkaps vsd jk”VªP;k jk”Vª fuekZ.k djhr vkgs- rks phu ikgk( yk[k yk[k lsuk vqR—“V
‘kL=kL=kauh lTt d:u /kkjkrhFkhZ >qatr ijdh;kal fiVkGhr vkgs- gs fvaXyaM ikgk! j.krjh] ik.kcqM;k]
fo/oalds] foekus] lSU;s] ;kaokpwu ‘kCngh u vqPpkfjrk] vso<s lkezkT; vs[kk|k ?kM;kGklkj[ks O;ofLFkr
pkyohr vkgs- izR;sd fvafXy’k ukxfjd vsd vsd eqlksfyuhp cuysyk vkgs- rs cqVxs tiku ikgk] rks
nk<hpk ?kksG eqaMwu ryokj vqilysyk dsekyik’kk ikgk( rks fvoyklk vQxk.kpk vehj ;sR;k ftgknph
/keZ;q/nkph xtZuk ?kjks?kj djhr fgaMr vkgs rks ikgk! vu~ ;k v’kk izpaM fu Hk;adj /kdk/kdhP;k j.k/kqekGhr
;k Hkkjrkps HkkX; T;kaP;k gkrkr rqEgh fnys vkgk] rs gs rqeps fHkdkjMs ^pØorhZ ikgk! हे चर याचे च
फरवून भारतास च वत करणार ! gs ukxiqjkgwu ik;h pkyr] dydŸ;kP;k xOguZjP;k caxY;k’kh
^jktcafnokukal lksMk* Eg.kwu uqlrs vksjMwu R;k Økafrdkjdkaph lqVdk dj.kkj! rqEgkl [kknh fo.kk;ph vlsy]
QGs [kkvwu fdaok ikus [kkvwu txko;kps vlsy] yaxksVh uslwu jkgko;kps vlsy] vqiklrkikl djko;kps
vlrhy] rj rqEgh lq[ksuSo ;kaP;kekxs ykxk- R;k ln~xq.kkr rsp vqins’kd ;ksX; vkgsr- i.k rqEgkl LojkT;
gos vlsy] Lokra«;kph izcG fvPNk rqEgkl LoLFk clw nsr ulsy] ;k rqeP;k fganqLFkkuP;k Nkrhoj
vqM.kkÚ;k ijD;k /otkdMs ikgrkp rqeph rksaMs yTtsus dkGh fBôj iMr vlrhy rj r:.kgks] vqBk fu
rMd R;k jf’k;kl] R;k fvVyhl] R;k vk;yZaMkl] R;k f’kokthl] R;k paæxqIrkl] या यशोधमास जाऊन
वचारा क , ‘ वातं याचे माग कोणते?’ dkj.k rs Lor%R;k R;k ekxkZus xsysys vkgsr( R;kauh Lokra«; laiknu
dsysys vkgs- ex R;k ekxkZarwu ifjfLFkrhl vuq:Ik fu U;k¸; vlk ekxZ rqEgkl lgt fuoMrk ;svhy-
HkkaMkjdj fdrhgh fo}ku fu laL—rTK vlys rjh tls R;kal jktoS|kP;k tkxh userk ;s.kkj ukgh]
R;kpizek.ks xka/khthalgh] rs egkRes vlys fu vkEgk lokZal R;k í”Vhus fu tj rs R;kaP;k d{ksckgsj
<oGk<oG dj.;kpk eksg vkojrhy rj iwT;p vkgsr&rjh R;kaP;klkj[kh Lokra«;;q/nkP;k j.k/kqekGhr
ifgY;k vkoktklj’kh Hksn:u fu xkax:u tk.kkjh fu jktdkj.kkr loZLoh vizcq/n vl.kkjh ek.klsgh rqeps
jktxq: gksvw ‘kd.kkj ukghr- R;kyk pk.kD;p gok vlrks( R;kyk leFkZ gok vlrks- tsuks dke rsuks Fkk;]
nqtk djs lks xksrk [kk;!
11&8&1927
2- xka/khth fu gs nq/k[kqGs fganw yksd!

vcnqy j’khnyk xka/khthauh ^Hkkvh* Eg.kwu vqYysf[kys fu R;kaP;kfo:/n loZ fganw txr larIr >kys
vlrk R;kpk i{k ?ksÅu nksu ‘kCn cksy.;kl rs fl/n >kys gh xks”V fdrh LokHkkfod vkgs\ izR;sd uVkyk
vkiyh Hkwfedk vf/kdkf/kd jaxsy vlk vfHku; djkokp ykxrks vu~ lalkj gs vsd ukVd vlwu euq”;ek=
gk uV vkgs- xka/khthauh egkRE;kph Hkwfedk ?ksrysyh vlY;kus R;kauh fryk jax Hkjsy v’kh okD;s vqPpk:
u;sr rj dk; vs[kk|k f’kokth jkenklkj[;k lkekU; vYikRE;kizek.ks ^U;k;kpk tks vfHkeku] rksfp
tk.kkok fujfHkekuAA U;k; vU;k; leku] gks.ks ukgh]* Eg.kwu T;k tkrhr vki.k tUeyks R;k tkrhpk i{k
?;kok!
vki.kk izR;sd fganwph fvPNk v’khp vkgs dh] fdrhgh ?kksj vijk/kh vlyk rjhgh R;kyk R;kpk
i{k ekaM.kkjk dks.khrjh ikBhjk[kk feGkok- ex vcnqy j’khnyk xka/khth feGkys ;kr dk; okoxs >kyk\
xka/khthgwu vcnqy j’khnyk nqljk dks.kh euq”; ikfBack ns.;kl fu?krk rj R;kyk ‘kksHkykns[khy ulrk!
i.k gs fganw yksd fdrh nq/k[kqGs vkgsr! ^Hkkvh* vcnqy j’khnpk i{k ekaM.;kl xka/khth iq<s
ljlkoysys ikgwu fopkjrkr dh] ^tj vcnqy j’khn Hkkvh vkgs* rj ex xksihukFk lgkyk xka/khthauh vxnh
iVdu vls ^Hkkvh* Eg.kwu dk EgVys ukgh\ tj vcnqy j’khnpk iz‹k ekaM.ks gs U;k;kps fu egkRE;kP;k
Hkwfedsl vR;ar lqlaxr gks; rj xksihukFk lgkpk i{k ekaM.;kl rs fvrD;k rRijrsus] vxnh rh ckreh
vSdrkp xfgo:uu dka iq<s vkys ukghr\ fvrdsp uOgs rj xksihukFk lgkps uko tjk eeRokus vqPpkjrkp
ns’kca/kw nklkaoj vkx ik[kM.;kl rs dka izo`Rr >kys\
nq/k[kqG;kauks! dka Eg.kts dk;\ xksihukFk lgk fganw gksrk Eg.kwu! xksihukFk lgklkj[;k fganwpk i{k
ekaM.;kl fdaok R;kl ^Hkkvh* Eg.kwu ln~xn var%dj.kkus Eg.k.;kr dks.kk egkRE;kal ‘kksHksls rs dk; gksrs\
R;kpizek.ks xksihukFk lgk gR;kjh ¼[kquh½ gksrk fu rks fganw gksrk] rjhgh R;kpk i{k ekaM.;kl ns’kca/kw nklkauh
fu vf[ky caxky izkafrd ifj”knsus /ktkos gs ikgwu nklkaoj xka/khthauh vkx ik[kMkoh gsgh ØeizkIrp gksrs-
gR;kjh euq”;kpk i{k fu rks fganw vlrkuk ekaM.;klkBh iq<s ;s.;kl nklkal dk; vf/kdkj gksrk\ nkl
dsoG ^ns’kca/kw!* gR;kjh ek.klkpk i{k ?ks.;kpk vf/kdkj dks.kk egkRE;kokpwu fvrjkal iksprp ulrks!
vu~ R;krgh vsd osG R;k xksihukFk lgkpk fganw gks.;kpk vijk/k fol:u vs[kknk nqljk fLuX/k ‘kCn
R;kP;kfo”k;h egkRekth cksyrsgh( vcnqy j’khnP;k vkRE;kfo”k;h dsyh- r’kh xksihukFkkP;k vkRE;kfo”k;hgh
R;kauh nsoktoG d:.kkgh Hkkdyh vlrh( i.k xksihukFk lgkus dks.kk fganw laU;k’kkl FkksMsp ekjys gksrs- R;kus
vsdk fujijk/k x`gLFkkl ekjys gksrs- fvaxzt x`gLFkkph gR;k dj.kkÚ;kpk i{k ?ks.;kpk vu~ R;kl dGoGwu
rRdkG izdVi.ks ^Hkkvh* Eg.k.;kpk vf/kdkj nklkalkj[;k dks.kk ns’kca/kwyk rj dk; i.k izR;{k
egkRE;kaukns[khy ukgh- fvafM;u fiuy dksMkiklwu Lis’ky vkWfMZuUl vWDVi;Zar loZ /keZxzaFk ;kfo”k;h
vsder vkgsr- i.k nq/k[kqG;k fganw yksdkal gs lw{e Hksn dk; dG.kkj!
 egkREkk xka/khthauh ;kpfo”k;h cksyrkuk lkafxrys] dh eh eqlyekukapk fe= vkgs- rs eqlyeku ek>s
^j‰kps Hkkvw* vkgsr- vkrk ;kr rs pqdys dksBs( [kjks[kjp eqlyeku vkiys j‰kps Hkkvw vkgsr- R;kaP;krhy
v/ksZ vf/kd yksd fgnwarwup eqlyekukar vks<ys xsys vkgsr- Eg.kwu R;kaP;kr fganw j‰ vtwu [ksGr vkgs-
;kgwugh rkfŸod fopkj dsyk rj eqlyekugh euq”; vkgsr- rsOgk ekuoh; j‰kP;k í”Vhusgh vkiys fu R;kaps
j‰ vsdp vkgs- ex R;kl ek>s j‰kps Hkkvw Eg.kwu Eg.k.;kr egkRekthauh vxnh lR; rsp lkafxrys ukgh
dk\
i.k gs nq/k[kqGs fganw yksd! egkRekthaps ojhy fo/kku okpwu fopkjrkr dh] ^dk; gks] xsY;k o”khZ
^;ax fvafM;kr* vsdk Økafrdkjd fganwus tsOgk egkRekthl EgVys gksrs dh] vkEgk fganwP;k ulkar izrkikps
vu~ f’kokthps j‰ [ksGr vkgs] rsOgk xka/khthauh lkfŸod larkikus vqlGwu vqŸkj fnys- gksrs dh] ^NV~]
rqeP;k fdaok ek÷;k vaxkr izrkikps fu f’kokthps j‰ ukgh! fganw yksdkar tkrh tkrh fHk™k vlY;kus
jtiqrkps fdaok ejkB;kps] czká.kkps fdaok cfu;kps j‰ dls Eg.krk ;svhy!
vu~ iqUgk gsgh /;kukr Bsoys ikfgts dh] ek÷;kr izrkikps] f’kokthps] xksfoanflagkaps j‰ vkgs( rs
ek>s j‰kps Hkkvw vkgsr gs fganwus Eg.k.;kr egkReki.k rs dk; gksrs\ v’kh okD;s lkekU;
izkekf.kdi.ksns[khy vqPPkkfjr] i.k eqlyeku ek>s fe= vkgsr] rs ek>s j‰kps Hkkvw vkgsr gs lR;] fo’ks”kr%
T;k fno’kh J/nkuankps fganw j‰ eqlyekuh j‰kus lkaMys xsys R;k fno’kh Eg.k.ks gsp egkReki.kkl fnO;
‘kksHkk vk.k.kkjs vkgs-
vkrk folaxrrspk vsd vk{ksi vkgs dh] tkfrHksnkeqGs csVh O;ogkj can vlY;kus tj fganw yksdkal
ek÷;kr izrkikps] f’kokthps] of’k”Bkps fdaok J/nkuankps j‰ okgr vkgs vls Eg.krk ;sr ukgh rj ex
R;kp tkrhrwu ckVwu xsysY;k eqlyekukaps j‰ ek÷;k vaxkr vkgs] rs eqlyeku ek÷;k j‰kps Hkkvw vkgsr gs
rjh dls Eg.krk ;svhy\ gh folaxrrk ák nq/k[kqG;k fganwl okV.ks lkgftdp vkgs- i.k R;kauh gs /;kukr
Bsokos dh] folaxri.kk gk egkRE;kaP;k fo/kkukl ca/kudkjd gksvw ‘kdr ukgh- ukghrj izR;{k cfg.khojgh
cykRdkj dj.;kl ;s.kkÚ;k ikI;kojgh fu:ik;kus ‘kL= pkyfo.ks ghgh fgalk vlY;kus] rh d: u;s vls
Eg.k.kkjs egkRekth fvafXy’kkapk i{k ?ksvwu teZu yksdkaph dŸky vqMfo.;klkBh fvaxzth lSU;kr Hkjrh Ogk
Eg.kwu fganh r:.kkal vqins’k djhr vktkjh iMsrks vÍgklkus iz;Ru djrs dk\
10&2&1927
3- dks.krk /keZ ‘kkafriz/kku vkgs\
ijokP;k ^;ax fvafM;k*e/;s ‘A Candid Critic’ ¼vsd fuHkhZM Vhdkdkj½ ;k eFkG;k[kkyh vsdk
i=O;ogkjkP;k vqŸkjkFkZ vsd ys[k xka/khuh fyfgyk vkgs- ;ke/;s T;k xks”Vh vqYysf[kY;k vkgsr R;k vR;ar
Hkzakfrdkjd vkgsr- fvLykeh /keZ gk ‘kkarrspk /keZ vkgs gs xka/khthaus fo/kku fdrh /kkMlhi.kkps vkgs gs
fvLykepk fvfrgkl tjh ojoj ikg.kkjk vlyk rjh R;kP;kgh /;kuh ;svhy- ;kp ys[kkP;k ‘ksoVh
egkRekth Eg.krkr dh] “The seat of Religion is in the heart” /kekZps LFkku ân; vkgs! gks; uk\ rj ex
fvLykeh ân; dls vkgs gs ikfgys Eg.kts vuk;klsp dGwu ;svhy dh fvLykeh /keZ dlk vkgs- fvLykeh
/kekZpk izlkj gksvw ykxyk rsOgkiklwu R;kps ân; vkiY;kyk dls fnlrs\ fvLykekus izFke flfj;k ?ksryk
fu rsFks dk; izdkj ?kMyk\ rsFkhy f[kLrh yksdkaoj Hk;adj vR;kpkj ?kMys fu rs fcpkjs grk’k gksvwu
Lons’kkR;kx d:u fu?kwu xsys- rs dksBs xsys fu R;kauk vkJ; dq.kh fnyk\ rj ák iq.;e; fganw laL—rhus
R;kauk nf{k.k fganqLFkkukr vkJ; fnyk- iq<s fvLykeh /kehZ; if’kZ;ke/;s nkj;lkP;k vsdk dkGh fo‹ofo[;kr
vlysY;k lkezkT;kr ?kqlys- rsFks R;kuarj dk; >kys\ rj loZ fvjk.k&if’kZ;k & vqn~/oLr gkssvwu ikj’kh
tkrh fu lq/kkj.kk toG toG u”V >kyh- dsoG vsd ty;kuHkj ¼tgkt½ ns’kohj fu /keZohj ikj’kh ák
loZ uk’kkrwu fulVwu fu vkiyk ifo= अ नी fu vkiyk ifo= >sankosLrk ?ksvwu vQkV egklkxjkP;k
e`R;qeq[kkr f’kjys- vu~ R;kaukgh dq.kh vkJ; fnyk\ ákp fganw tkrhus R;k vlgk; /keZohjkauk vqnkji.ks
vkiY;k ekr`HkwehP;k vadkoj vkJ; fnyk fu vkti;Zar R;kauk viR;fufoZ’ks”k izsekus gh Hkwekrk j{khr vkyh-
iq<s fvLykeh /keZizlkjkph ykV izR;{k fganqLFkkuHkj iljyh fu lksjVh lkseukFkkP;k LokÚ;kaiklwu j‰ikr]
tkGiksG] yqVkywV ;kauh loZ fganqLFkkuHkj vkdkar vqMkyk- xka/khth! gk dk; ‘kkarrspk /keZ\ vkti;Zar uqlrs
ns’k vusdkauh ftadys vkgsr- ^;’kls foftxh”kq vusdt.k >kys vkgr- ijarq gs gR;kdkaM ek= vuU;lkekU;
gks;- tks eqlyeku ukgh rks ^dkQhj* fu R;kph loZ phtoLrw] ck;dkiksjs yqckMkohr] Hkz”V djkohr]
cykRdkjkus eqlyeku djkohr gh Hkh”k.k ijaijk dkgh vYi vioknkaf’kok; fvLykeh /kekZP;k inkiZ.kkuarjp
;k fganqLFkkukr lq: >kyh- x>uhpk egaen ?kksjh] egaen r?ky?k] vkSjaxtso] fViw lqyrku gh ukos dsoG
ladsrfun’kZukRed Eg.kwup tjh vqPpkjyh rjh] fvLykeh /kekZpk loZ fvfrgkl ewfrZear MksG;kaleksj vqHkk
jkgrks vu~ rjhgh rs fprksMps rhu osGk djkos ykxysys dPP;kcPP;kaps fu lrhps tksgkj rj osxGsp vkgsr!
rjhgh egkRekth Eg.krkr dh] fvLykeh /keZ ‘kkarrspk vkgs! ojhy izdkjkauk dkgh viokn vkgsrp-
fvLykeh /kekZe/;s dkgh dkgh Hkkx Hkwrn;spk vqins’k djrks( ijarq ân; gs vls vkgs- egkRekth iq<s
fvLykeh /kekZph ofdyh d:u Eg.krkr dh] ^fvLykePkh ryokjh’kh tjk vf/kd lyxh vlrs gs [kjs] ijarq
rs ifjfLFkfrnks”kkps QG gks;!* v’kh gh dks.krh ifjfLFkrh gs egŸpkps xkSI;xksiu ek= egkRekthauh xqIrp
Bsoys vkgs! tj ifjfLFkrhpkp gk nks”k gksvw ‘kdrks rj ex rks lokZukp lkj[kk ykxw vlyk ikfgts fu
R;kizek.ks ex gk nks”k eqlyekukaP;k gR;kdkaMkP;k o.kO;ke/;s ejkBs] jtiwr] ‘kh[k ;kaukgh tMko;kl ikfgts
gksrk- ijarq ejkB;kauh LojkT; LFkkfiY;kuarj fu lkezkT; ok<forkuk fu rs ok<foY;koj fdrh’kk ef’knh
ikMY;k- fdrhls eqlyeku cGkus fganw dsys ;kPkk dkgh fvfrgkl egkRekthtoG vkgs dk\ vsdgh e’khn
ejkBs] jtiwr ;kauh ikMyh ukgh fdaok vsdkgh eqlyekukl cykus fganw dsys ukgh- ex dks.krk /keZ
‘kkarrspk\& fvLykeh gk fganw\
 okLrfod vkt gs pfoZrpoZ.k dj.;kps dkgh iz;kstu ukgh fu ekxhy xks”Vh vqd:u dk<.;kr
dks.kRkkgh vfu”V gsrw ukgh- ijarq jksxkps funku tj pqdys rj tls egkrstLoh vkS”k/kgh jksxgkjd gks.kkj ukgh
rj vqyV jksx fodksikyk tkvhy r}r~ egkRekthaps jksxfunku dls vrF;] fvfrgklkfo:/n vkgs gs
nk[kfo.;kdfjrk gs jkek;.k fygkos ykxrs-
[kjh xks”V v’kh vkgs dh] cgqla[; eqlyekukauk gk fganqLFkku ns’k vkiyk okVr ukgh fu
R;kP;ke/;s fgnwapk fuokl R;kauk dkV;kizek.ks cksprks- v’kh R;kaph Hkkouk ;k loZ >xM;kaP;k eqGk’kh vkgs-
dkgh leatl eqlyeku lksMwu fvrjkauk gk fganqLFkkulq/nk rqdZLFkkuizek.ks] fvjk.k&vQxkf.kLFkkukizek.ks
vsdesokf}rh; fvLykeh Ogkok v’kh vkl ykxysyh fnlrs fu gk ns’k vlk >kyk rj rs ;k ns’kkoj
LOkns’kkizek.ks izse djrhy- ijok cWfjLVj vehu ;kauh fnYyhP;k ifj”knsr LoPN ‘kCnkar lkafxrys dh] izR;sd
eqlyekukus iq<hy 10 Ok”kkZar dehrdeh rhu fganw rjh eqlyeku djkosr] Eg.kts ts LojkT; ;svhy rs
fvLykeh jkT;p gksvhy- gh याची मनोव ृ ती मूळ एक या eqGkoj vkgs fu ;kpk fu”ks/k dq.khgh
eqlyeku iq<kjh djhr ukgh] rlk iz;Ru gksr ukgh- gsp [kjs >xM;kps ewG dkj.k] jksxkps funku vkgs-
cWfjLVj vehu ;kaps fnYyhps vR;ar vqíke Hkk”k.k xka/khthauh okpys ulsy vls FkksMsp vkgs! ijarq
R;kcíy R;kaP;k eqlyeku loaxM;kacjkscjp R;kauh ekSu Lohdk:u ^la[;kcyke/;s dk; vkgs* v’kh
piZViatjh pkyfoyh vkgs- eqlyekukauk v’kk osGhgh Li”V fv”kkjk ns.;kps uSfrd /kS;Z xka/khthauk LQqjr ukgh
fu vs[kknk rstLoh vk;Zlekth ;k izdkjP;k eqlyekukaP;k popky c<kvhl vqŸkj nsvw ykxyk Eg.kts ek=
R;k vk;Zlektkoj vs[kk|k ekjD;k पंतोजी माणे चडखोर पणे NMh vqxk:u rqVwu iM.;kr R;kauk eksBk
iq:”kkFkZ okVrks gsp ‘kY; fganw yksdkaP;k eukr ckspr vlrs- xka/khth egkRes vkgsr fu Eg.kwu i{kikrkrhr
vkgsr gs vkEgkyk dGrs- ijarq LotkrhdMs >qd.ks ;kyk tls i{kikr gs uko vkgs- rls ijKkrhdMs >qd.ks
;kykgh i{kikr gsp uko ‘kCndks’kke/;s vkgs-
;koj vqik; dsyk rj loZ dkgh lq;a= gks.kkj vkgs- fvLykee/;s ts ‘kkarrsps] lfg”.kwi.kkps]
Hkwrn;sps vqins’k egkRekthauk voxr vkgsr rs okLrfod egkRekthauh eqlyekukauk ^;ax fvafM;k* e/kwu
f’kdfoys ikfgtsr fu R;kaps iÍf’k”; vYYkhca/kw ;kaP;kdjoh f[kykQrhoj t’kh O;k[;kus >kyh r’kh
fvLyee/kY;k ‘kkarhP;k ea=koj O;k[;kus djfoyh ikfgtsr- eqlyekukauk jk”Vªh;o`Ÿkh f’kdfo.;kdfjrk izlaxh
dMw] ijarq varh xq.kdkjh vls cks/k dsys ikfgtsr-
ijarq gs loZ lksMwu T;k osGh rs xqGeqGhr cksyw ykxrkr fu fganwaukp fu”dkj.k nks”kh /kjrkr]
eqlyekukaP;k dksgkVlkj[;k lokZijk/kkaph fuf‹prh >kyh vlwugh T;k osGh rs ekSu Lohdkjrkr R;k osGh
fu‹p;kus fu fudjkus lkax.ks vkEgh drZO; letrks dh] gs funku pqdhps vkgs fu [kÚ;k dygkps dkj.k
vU;= vkgs-
27&1&1927
4- fczfV’kkapk dSokjh
egkRek xka/khauh olkgrh LojkT; fu fu%’kL= vlgdkfjrk ;k fo”k;h ts leFkZu pkyfoys] R;keqGS
^ik;ksfu;j* fvR;knh i=s Qkj larq”V >kysyh vkgsr- ik;ksfu;j Eg.kts] “There can be little doubt but
that the wide spread conservative elements in the land will once more rally round the
Government and among them the foremost would be Mahatmaji. The revolutionary movement in
the country would be isolated and left in the air and there would still be a chance of preserving
India for the British Commonwealth of Nations! If no such step is taken, the futures would be
black indeed!!’’
ßvFkkZr ljdkjus vkrk loZ useLr yksdkal iqUgk vsdnk vkiY;k /otkHkksorh vsdoVkos vu~
fvafXy’k ljdkj’kh vtwugh vsdfu”B vl.kkÚ;k ;k yksdkar egkRekthp izeq[k vkgsr- R;kauk ljdkjus
toG djkos ukghrj fczfV’k lkezkT;kps Hkfo”; va/kdkje; gksvhy- fczfV’k lkezkT; fganqLFkkuyk fuR;kps
eqdsy- i.k egkRekthalkj[;k fvaxzth lkezkT;kP;k vtwugh fgrfpard vl.kkÚ;k ‘kkafrok|kal tj ljdkj
vkiY;k d{ksr vks<hy] rj Økafrdkjdkaph pGoG vtwugh nMiwu Vkdrk ;svhy. Økafrdkjdkuka nMiwu
Vkd.;klkBh egkRekthaP;k useLr] ‘kkarrkoknh] vfgald fu fvaxzth lkezkT;k’kh vtwugh vsdfu”B jkg.kkÚ;k
i{kkl vkiY;kHkksorh vsdoVk-Þ
^ik;ksfuvj* gh xka/khthal vktdky u foljrk ^egkRekth* Eg.krks- egkRekthaP;k dydŸ;kP;k
/kjidMhlaca/kh fvaXyaMpk ^eWpsLVj xkfMZ;u* gh Eg.krks dh] caxky ljdkjph cq/nh dqBs xsyh vkgs! vkt
fvaxzth jkT;kP;k fgrkFkZ tj dks.kk euq”;kl eksdGs lksM.ks vqfpr vlsy rj rs egkRekthauk gks;- dkj.k rs
txkrhy vsd Fkksj iq:”k vkgsr- ák euq”;kyk idMwu Bsowu Økafrdkjdkapk ekxZ fu”daVd dj.;kpk ew[kZi.kk
ljdkj djhr vkgs ;kl dk; Eg.kkos\
v'kk izdkjs ‘Rally round the Gandhites’ gk vsdp chtea= loZ fczfV’k jktuhfrK vqPpkjhr
vkgsr- gk rksp chtea= dh] ;kp Økafrdkjdkal] nMi.;klkBh iwohZ _”kh eksysZus vqPpkjyk! ‘Rally round
the moderates’ eksysZ Eg.kkys] ‘Rally round the Gandhites’^ik;ksfu;u* & ^xkfMZ;u* Eg.krs-
gs R;akps Eg.k.ks v;ksX; vkgs vls dks.k Eg.ksy\ [kjks[kjp ák u”V ØkafrdkjdkaP;k rMk[;krwu
ljdkjkl fu ák fganqLFkkukl tj okpfo.ks vlsy&vFkkZrp fganqLFkku fczfV’k lkezkT;kr nMiwu Bso.ks Eg.ktsp
rks okp.ks & rj egkRekthaP;kp dk;ZØekl vqpywu /kj.ks vki.kk lokZal vo’; vkgs- dkj.k vkt
ikp&lgk o”ksZ ekxP;k useLr i{kkph tkxk uohu vuR;kpkjh vlgdkfjrkok|kauh Hk:u dk<Y;kiklwu
ØkafrdkjdkaP;k vqxz pGoGhP;k ekxkZr ljdkjph vksMok;j’kkgh fdaok jkSysV fcy’kkgh fvrdh vkMdkBh
d: ‘kdyh ukgh dh ftrdh egkRek’kkgh d: ‘kdyh- R;kaP;k jktdh; vqi;ksxkl folj.ks Eg.kts ljdkjus
vkiY;k fgrdR;kZa’kh fo‹okl?kkr dj.ks vkgs- vkEgh vuR;kpkjh] vfgalkoknh fczfV’k lkezkT;fyIlw loZ fganh
yksd egkRekthaP;k i{kkps vqidkj d/khgh folj.kkj ukghr- ljdkjusgh fol: u;sr- xka/khthaP;k izoklkl
vMFkGk dj.ks rj nwjp] i.k vqyV jsYos [kpZ Lor% lkslwu R;kal ljdkjus fganqLFkkuHkj fgaMw ns.ks fv”V vkgs-
gh ^ik;ksfu;jk*fndkaP;k erkizek.ks vkePkhgh fouez lwpuk vkgs- dkj.k ljdkj Lor%fo”k;h lkaxw ‘kd.kkj
ukgh- v’kk iq”dG egŸokP;k xks”Vh egkRekthapk i{k yksdkal iVow ‘kdrks( vu~ ØkafrdkjdkaP;k T;k ekxkZps
fczfV’k lkezkT;kl vs[kk|k ekjd fo”kkizek.ks Hk; okVrs] R;k ekxkZiklwu yksdkaph ijko`Ÿkh d:u jktdh;]
lkekftd] /kkfeZd] vkS|ksfxd] ‘kS{kf.kd fvR;knh loZ fn’kkauh fczfV’k lkezkT;kl lkis{kr% vR;kf/kd
lks;hP;k fu U;wure gkuhP;k ekxkZoj] fganh vlarks”kkl Fkksiowu /k: ‘kdrks- fczfV’k lkezkT;kP;k fgrkFkZ fu
fganqLFkkuP;k fgrkFkZ& dkj.k fczfV’k fgr Eg.kts fganh fgr&ljdkjus egkRekthl iqUgk dsOgkgh vls vMow
u;s-
 vu~ r’kk vMd.;kph Qkj’kh Hkhrhgh vkrk vqjyh ukgh- dkj.k ljdkjus ^ik;ksfu;jk*fndkapk
vfHkizk; laer dsyk] gs fnYyhP;k pgkikuko:u v?kM vkgs- fu idMys rj ‘kD; frrD;k vqik;kauh lqVwu
tk.;kps /kksj.k e- xka/khthauhgh vaxhdkjys vkgs- gs R;kauh Lor%pk tkreqpydk fnyk ;ko:u vq?kM vkgs-
fcpkjh vlgdkfjrk! vsdk pgkP;k isY;kr cqMwu esyh!
^eWUpsLVj xkfMZ;u* us vsd xks”V ek= tjk vk.k[kh Li”V djkoh- ts ^feLVj xka/kh* loZ fczfV’k
i=karwu egkRekth Eg.kwu oa| >kys rs rls dsOgkiklwu >kys\ ^rs txkrhy vsd vR;ar Fkksj iq:”k* ts >kys
rs vktp >kys dk tsOgk R;kal ‘swollen headed’ Eg.kwu lgk o”ksZ rq:axkr Vkd.;kr vkys rsOgkgh rs
vR;ar Fkksjakrhy vsd gksrsp\
nqljh vsd izseiwoZd lwpuk vkgs rh v’kh dh] egkRek xka/khP;k jktdh;] /kkfeZd] lkekftd
fvR;knh vqins’kkaps fu dk;ZØekaps dkSrqd fvafXy’k i=kauh izFker% Qkjls d: u;s- dkj.k R;keqGs xka/khthaps
dksBsrjh pqdr vkgs] vlk vkjksi dj.;kl ;k u”V Økafrdkjdkal Qkors- nqljs dh] tj vq?kM dkSrqd
djko;kpsp >kys rj funku ^Økfrdkjdkaph pGoG vkEgk fvaxztkaP;k lŸksP;k eehZp ?kko ?kkyhr vkgs] R;k
?kkokiklwu vkEgkl okpfo.;kl egkRekthaph f’kdo.k fu —rh gh vsd fcu[kphZ vqi;q‰ <ky vkgs Eg.kwu
xka/khl toG djk* vlk dksfVØe rjh fvaxztkauh vq?kMi.ks d: u;s- dkj.k R;k;ksxs xka/khthapk dk;ZØe
fczfV’k lŸksP;k eehZ d/khp >ksca.kkj ukgh vls Økafrdkjd lgt fl/n d: ‘kdrkr fu R;keqGs ljdkjP;k
eeZLFkkuh ?kko ?kky.;kdMs nqyZ{k >kY;keqGs cslko/k >kysys r:.k yksd iqUgk vqPNa[ky gksvwu R;k eehZp
gkr ?kkyw ikgrkr- fvafXy’k i=kaP;k v’kk dksfVØekl osGp iMyh] rj ljdkjus vs[kknk uohu izsl vWDV
d:u naMuh; djkos- dkj.k ØkfrdkjdkaP;k ys[kkais{k k fvaxzth ia=kps gs lR;dFkup xka/khthaP;k /kksj.kkl
vf/kd fo?kkrd fu ØkafrdkjdkaP;k pGoGhoj vf/kd iks”kd gksrs-
30&3&1929
 5- Ogkfvljk;cjkscj tso.kkjh vlgdkfjrk
dydŸ;kP;k >kysY;k ;qod ifj”ksnsus 10 es 1957 gk fnol ^Lokra«;fnu* Eg.kwu HkkjrHkj lktjk
dj.;kr ;kok vls ?kksf”kr dsys vkgs- dkj.k T;kl lwK /kwrZ fvaxzt fu vK ij/kkftZ.ks fganh yksd ^f’kik;kaps
caM* Eg.kwu Eg.krkr rs jk”Vªh; Økafr;q/n gksrs] Hkkjrh; Lokar«;;q/n gksrs fu 10 es 1857 ;k fno’kh R;kpk
ifgyk ckj vqMkyk! Eg.kwu vf[ky Hkkjro”khZ; ;qod ifj”knsus rks jk”Vªh; vqRlo dj.;kps ?kksf”kr dsys vkgs-
T;k egkjk”Vªh; r:.kkaP;k Jh- HkV izHk`rh iq<kÚ;kauh lksykiwj] iq.ks fvR;knh LFkGh gs Bjko d:u
dydŸ;kl vf[ky Hkkjrh; ;qod ifj”knsr ;k jk”Vªh; Økafr;q/nkph Le`rh fvrD;k tkToY; jhrhus vqíhfir
dsyh R;kaps gs —R; fdrh ck.ksnkj gksrs! vkrk frrD;kp ck.ksnkji.kkus gk Lokra«;fnu fBdfBdk.kh
/kqe/kMkD;kus egkjk”VªHkj ikGwu vkeps egkjk”Vªh; r:.k rks Bjko fganqLFkkuHkj dk;Zokghr vk.k.;krgh
izeq[kŸo feGforhy v’kh vkEgh vk’kk /kjrks-
rs dkgh >kys rjh lŸkkoups caM jk”Vªh; Økafr;q/n gksrs gh tk.kho vkrk ejr ukgh [kjh- ^vfHkuo
Hkkjrk* us 1908 P;k va/k%dkjkr vkiY;k vsdkdh lk{khus ikfgysY;k vusd lŸ;kaiSdh gsgh vsd lŸ; vkrk
vqH;k Hkkjrkr Li”Vi.ks fnlw ykxys-
vu~ rhp fLFkrh ^vfHkuo Hkkjrk*us iapohl o”kkZiwohZ vkiY;k vsdkdh lk{khus ikfgysY;k R;k
Lokra«;y{ehP;k fnO; n’kZukphgh >kyh] Hkj jkVªh; lHksr Lokra«;kP;k Bjkokl]
eksrhyky&xka/khthlkj[;kaP;k izdV fu lrr fojks/kkr u tqekurk vsd gtkj ers vuqdwy iMyh! ;qod
ifj”knsr rj Lokra«; dh olkgrh jkT; gk iz‹kz fopkjkr ?ks.;kP;kns[khy यो यतेचा नाह अशा तु छतेने
वातं य येयाचा izdV iqjLdkj dj.kkÚ;k jk”Vªh; lHkk&/kqja/kqjkaPkk lUeku gksvwu Lokra«; gsp] /;s;] Hkkjrkr
Lokra«; gk tUefl/n gôp vkgs] R;kr Bjoko;kps rs dk; vlk fu.kZ; fnyk- xsyk- Hkkjrh; ;qod ifj”kn
vsdeq[kkus xtwZu vqByh dh] Independence is my birth-right!
gs Lo;afl/n lR; ygku eqykauk dGys- i.k egkRek xka/kh Eg.krkr eyk- funku vsd o”kZ rjh R;k
fOk”k;kpk vf/kd vH;kl dsyk ikfgts- rsOgk rs eyk dGw ykxys rj ykxsy- lkgftdp vkgs- HkoHkwfr
lkaxrkrp] ^Hkofr p iwuHkwZ;kr Hksn% QYka त त यथा! भव त शुची बबोद ाहे मणी: न मदृ ांचय: AA *
xsY;k pkjh ;qxkarhy fvfrgklkpk euq”;tkrhpk lkekU; vuqHko xka/khauk iqjyk ukgh- IyklhP;k
y<kvhiklwuP;k fczfV’k jk”Vªkpk 150 o”kkZaojPkk fof’k”V vuqHko iqjyk ukgh- vtwu vsd o”kZ okV
ikgko;kph vls xka/khth Eg.krkr! R;kauh izfrKk dsyh vkgs dh] gs lR; eh vk.k[kh vsd o”kZHkj ukghp
f’kd.kkj! gh ln~cq/nh vsd o”kZ rjh eh eyk lqpw ns.kkj ukgh!* vkrk gk NG djky] vkrk rks NG djky
rj ek= vkEgh txM~O;kG fojks/k d:* gh yrdksMxsi.kkph Hkk”kk Eg.kts jktuhrhps lkjHkwr lw= Eg.kwu
vkeP;k fganh iq<kÚ;kaP;k xsY;k rhu fi<;kaph Bke letwr >kyh vkgs- vkt vSa’kh o”ksZ ljdkj okVsy rh
nMi’kkgh djhr vkgs vu~ vkEgh iqUgk ^vkrk gs >kys rj >kys] i.k iq<s ek= vls dsysl rj lko/k! Eg.kwu
cdr vkgksr- ^iq<s ljdkj uohu NG djhrp vkgs fu vkEgh iqUgk ^i.k vkrk ek= iq<s /;kukr /kj va!
Eg.kwu vafŸkeksŸkj (ultimatums) /kkMhrp vkgksr-
jMos] nqcGs fu fpjfpjs iksj ‘kkGsrY;k vkMnkaM eqykP;k FkiMk [kkr vlsp Eg.kr vlrs-vkrk
^nqljh FkkiM rj ekj ikgw!* rh nqljh pkiV clyh dh] iqUgk fdapkGwu MksGs pksGhr rs Eg.krs ^vkrk iqUgk
rj ek:u ikgk* ultimatum oj ultimatum!! yksdkaP;k y<k;k vafreksŸkjkus lairkr- vafreksŸkj gs
lcGkaP;k ;q/nkpk ifgyk okj vlrks] nqcZykaP;k ;q/nkPkk vafreksŸkj gkp ‘ksoVpk okj vlrks- nhM’ks o”ksZ ekj
[kkr vkysys vkEgh] fvaxztkauk iqUgk nVkorks dh] vkrk >kys rs xsys] i.k tj dk ;k o”khZns[khy LojkT;
fnys ukghr rj ex-----!!
dk;\ ^rj ex* dk;\ egkRekth Eg.krkr]rj ex nqljs frljs dkgh ukgh] eh fuHksZG Lokra«;oknh
Eg.kwu txkr oko: ykxsu! vxnh rkjh[k uOgs rj rkl Bjowu gs Hk;adj vafreksŸkj xka/khth nsrkr dh]
^1929 P;k fMlsacjP;k 31 O;k rkj[ksP;k jk=h 12 oktsi;Zar fvaXyaMP;k ln~gsrwoj fu lfRØ;soj eh
fo‹okl Bsowu jkg.kkj vkgs* ;kgwu Hk;adj vafreksŸkj rs dk; /kkMkos\ rjh i.k 1929 fMlsacj 31 P;k jk=h
12 oktsi;Zar fvrdsp fygwu u Fkkacrk dkgh iGs] foiGsgh funsZf’kr dsyh vlrh ukgh dk\ ex ljdkjph
dk; Nkrh gksrh R;kl /kqMdko;kph!
dkj.k] gk1929 fMalscjP;k 31 ohP;k 12 oktsi;Zar Bsoysyk fo‹okl tj ljdkjus /kqMdkoyk rj
^rRdkG fuHksZG Lokra«;oknh Eg.kwu eh txkr íXxkspkj gksvw ykxsu*! dso<h vk‹kz;Zdkjd] ;qxizorZd]
izy;dkyhu] l`f”V{kksHkkph ?kVuk gksvhy rh! R;k fno’kh fczfV’k lkezkT;kps dls gksvhy dks.k tk.ks!
dkj.k eh Lokra«;oknh gksvwu veqd dj.kkj vls tj xka/khth lkaxwu Vkdrs rj ex fczfV’k
lkezkT;kps R;k fno’kh dk; gks.kkj gs rfdZrk vkys vlrs- i.k xka/khth R;k fno’kh txkr Lokra«;oknh
Eg.kwu fop: ykx.kkj fvrdhp ekfgrh R;k txkl l/;k feGkyh vkgs- Eg.kwu fczfV’k lkezkT;kps dls
gks.kkj dks.k tk.ks] va/kqd fpark dk; rh okVrs- cgq/kk xka/khth fczfV’k nkL;kl ^vh‹ojh ojnku* vls iwohZ ts
xkSjohr gksrs rs lksMwu olkgrhps LojkT;oknh Eg.kwu txkr fop: ykxys rsOgk vkti;Zar R;k ?kks”k.kseqGs
fczfV’k lkezkT;kps ts dk; >kys rlsp xka/khth Lokra«;oknh Eg.kwu txkr fop: ykxys rjhgh gksvhy!
^olkgrhps LojkT; ns] ukgh rj pj[kk fQjohu va* vls xsyh ngk o”ksZ Eg.kr jkfgyks rls ^Lokra«;
ns ukgh rj [kknh uslsu va* fvrdsp vk.k[kh ngk o”kssZ Eg.kr jkfgyks rjh dk;\ Eg.k.;kps fvaxztkauk dkgh
okVr ukgh- dj.;kps& dkgh R;kaukgh dsysls okVkos vls dj.;kps & dkghvsd vlsy] rj R;kpk rks
flagdsrw fvaxzt dkghrjh fopkj djhy] l/;kP;k ;k vafreksŸkjkus R;kyk vf/kd xaer ek= okVsy- vf/kd
Hkhrh okV.kkj ukgh- rks glr Eg.ksy] ^Bhd- jk”Vª EgVys dh rs Lokra«;kokpwu laHkorp ukgh gs lk/ks lR;
vk.k[kh vsd o”kkZuarj xka/khthauk dG.kkj rj! vk.k[kh vsd o”kkZus rjh rs gh <ksCkG xks”V f’kd.kkj! ;k
xks”Vhus R;kaP;k R;k vsd o”kkZus ;s.kkÚ;k ygkui.kkP;k dkSrqdkis{kk o;kph lkB o”ksZ vqyVwu xsyh rjh R;kl
vtwu gh ygku eqykaukgh dG.kkjh xks”V dGyh uOgrh ;k R;kaP;k nkL;izo.k cqf/neka|kpkp vkEgk
fvaxztkal vf/kd frjLdkj okVrks!*
flagdsrw fvaxzt eukrY;k eukr gs vxnh vlsp Eg.k.kkj&vq?kM ek= rks xka/khthaP;k cqf/neŸksph]
nwjí”Vhph] jktdh; pk.kk{krsph d/kh dsyh uOgrh v’kh Lrqrh vkrk d: ykxsy&d: ykxyk ns[khy!
rs ikgk ^ik;ksfuvj* us Li”Vp EgVys vkgs] ^VkfvEl* gh jh vks<hrp vkgs dh] ^jk”Vªh; lHksr loZ
iksj[ksG pkyyk vlrk egkRek xka/khP;k otukeqGs rjh dkgh FkksMk xaHkhji.kk vkyk fu nwjnf’kZRo fnlwu
vkys- tj vqíaM ØkafrdkjdkaP;k gkrh jk”Vª lHkk fu jk”Vªh; pGoG tkvw ns.ks ulsy rj Ogkfvljk;kauh
xka/khth izHk`rhauk rRdkG cksyokos fu fopkjfofue; djkok!*
vu~ R;kizek.ks xka/khthaP;k fu xOguZj tujykaP;k lgHksVhp uOgs rj lgHkkstusgh fnYyhl >Mr
vkgsr- vlgdkfjrspk dsOk<k gk fot;! jk"Vªh; lHksr ^xOguZj tujydMs gk Bjko ikBokok* vls
viekukLin okD; vlgdkfjrsps czhn u ckGx.kkÚ;k Lokra«;ok|kauh /kqMdkowu ykoys& vu~ rs okD;
xkGys Eg.kwu nq%[k iznf’kZr dsys rs xka/khthauh! xOguZjka’kh Ckksy.kkjh] HksV.kkjh] tso.kkjh gh vuR;kpkjh
vlgdkfjrk fdrh lcG] lqlaxr fu LokHkkfod vkgs! ukgh rj rh izR;kpkjh izfrlgdkfjrk ikgk d’kh <ksaxh
vkgs rh!
R;k izR;kpkjh izfrlgdkfjrsP;k Økafrdkjdkaps fuHksZG Lokra«;klkBh fu osGp iMyh rj l’kL=
Økarhgh U;k¸;p vkgs vls Eg.k.kkÚ;k ØwjrslkBh xka/khthauh R;kauk ikih Eg.kwu] ew[kZ Eg.kwu [kq’kky fu”ks/kkos-
i.k funku vsdk xks”Vhfo”k;h rjh R;kauh R;kaps vkrk vkHkkj eku.ks vxnh ;q‰ vkgs & rh xks”V Eg.kts gs
ijokaps lgHkkstu-
vR;kpkjh Økafrdkjdkal nkc.;klkBh Eg.kwu vUkR;kpkjh xka/khthaph ikB vR;kpkjh fczfV’k jktuhrh
FkksiVhr vkgs gs ^ik;ksfu;j* us rj Li”V cksywup nk[kfoys- rsOgk vR;kpkjh ØkafrdkjdkaP;k vfLrRokpk
funku vsd rjh vqi;ksx >kykp >kyk dh] ijok xOguZjkcjkscj xka/khth izHk`rhauk lgHkkstu ?kMys! tj
Lokra«;oknh Økafrdkjdkauh Qkj’kh fudM ykoyh ulrh rj iVsykaP;k ?kjP;k ;k lgHkkstu lekjaHkkpk ykHk
fvrD;k ?kkvhus ?kMrk uk! fganqLFkkups fu fvaXyaMps l/;kps Lusglaca/k rlsp izseG vkgsr- Eg.kwu rj ijokps
lgHkkstu vf/kdp [kqywu fnlrs- v’kk ;ksX; osGhp ;ksX; xks”Vh ‘kksHkrkr! v'kh xka/khth&xOguZj tujyph
lgHkkstus ?kMowu vk.k.;kdfjrk rjh Økafrdkjd i{kkP;k vfLrRokpk vqi;ksx vkgs [kjk- vu~ Eg.kwu R;kiqjrs
rjh ^v™knkrk lq[kh Hko* Eg.kwu xka/khth izHk`rhauh v’kk osGh rjh Økafrdkjdkaps vkHkkj ekuhr tkos!
fcpkjs Jhfuokl v;axkj&d’kkyk rh Lokra«;kph ?kks”k.kk dsyh! ;kauhgh vk.k[kh vsd o”kZHkj
fczfV’kkaP;k n;k’khyRokoj fo‹okl Bso.;kps Bjfoys vlrs rj ijokP;k HkkstulekjaHkkl R;kal dk varjkos
ykxrs\ xOguZj tujyP;k VscyktoG] iq<s] [kkyh dqBs rjh R;kaukgh tkxk feGkyh vlrh! czká.k vlwugh
iaxr lk/k.;kP;k dyspk R;kauk dlk vxnh folj iMyk\
19&3&1929
 6- lkcjerhpk Je.k
¼1½
gqrkREkk ;rhaækfo”k;h egkRek xka/khuh lq[knq%[kkpk dkghgh vqækj vkiY;k ^r:.k Hkkjrk*r dka
dk<yk ukgh ;kfo”k;h dkgh fopkjoku fu izeq[k o`Ÿki=dkjkauk eksBs vk‹kzpZ okVr vkgs- fdR;sdkal rj vxnh
fo”kkn okVr vkgs- vqnkgj.kkFkZ dydŸ;kps izfl/n fganh nSfud ^Lokra«;* Eg.krs] gqrkRek ;rhaænklkP;k
cfynkukus lqnwj vk;yZaMgh gGgGys- ljdkjojgh FkksMk izHkko iMyk- HkkjrHkj oht lapkjyh( i.k
xka/khthaP;k ers t.kw dk; gh egŸokph ?kVukp ukgh] vls rs pqipki vkgsr! ^;ax fvafM;k* r R;kpk
vqYys[klq/nk ukgh! lkcjerh vkJekP;k ;%fRdafpr xks”VhP;k rkjk ns’kHkj /kkM.;kr ;srkr] ^;ax fvafM;k*r
LraHkP;k LraHk Hk:u fu?krkr( i.k ;rhaæ esyk gh ckrehlq/nk ns.;kfvrdh R;kr tkxk feGkyh ukgh- xsY;k
^;ax fvafM;k*r egaenvYyhauk vkfÝdsr tk.;klkBh th vkMdkBh ?kkryh xsyh] frP;kfo”k;h ppkZ
djko;kl volj feGkyk( i.k ;rhaækps uko ukgh- dk; ;rhaækykgh rs fgald letrkr\ vlrhy! R;kaph
fgalsph O;k[;k fganw /kekZP;k O;k[;sgwu fHk™k vkgs- vu~ Hkkjrkr vkt R;kaP;k’kh dks.kh lger ukgh- xka/khth
vls Eg.krkrls fnlrs dh] ;rhaækus vkiys ukd dkiwu Hkkjr ljdkjkl vi’kdqu dj.;kpk =kxk dsyk-
Hkkjr ljdkjyk nq[kfoys Eg.kwu] dh ;rhaæ fgald gksrk Eg.kwu rs pwi clys vkgsr\ fdaok nkSjs dk<.;kP;k
xMcMhr fu ekui=s fu FkSY;k laHkkG.;kP;k /kkanyhr R;kauk Qqjlrp feGkyh ukgh\
ijarq gqRkkRek ;rhaækfo”k;h egkRekth dkghrjh vqYys[k djko;kl foljys ákaps आ चय T;k yksdkal
okVrs] rs Lor% gs foljrkr dh] xka/khthdMwu & vyhdMsp lkB o”ksZ vqyVwu xsysY;k egkRE;kdMwu
&vkSfpR;kph vis{kk vxnhp osGps osGsoj dj.ks gs R;kaP;k o;ekukpk vieku dj.;klkj[ksp vkgs-
fvrdsns[khy ;k yksdkal dGw u;s uk\
iqUgk vk.k[kh vls ikgk dh] gqrkRek ;rhaækus vso<s dks.krs eksBs ‘kr—R; dsys dh] T;keqGs egkRek
xka/khlkj[;k Fkksj] lR;fiz; fu ijen;kGw] ‘kkafroknh vfgald iq:”kkus R;kP;k Lrqrhr osG noMkok! Okkpk
f’k.kokoh!
;rhaæ dk; dq.kh eqlyeku gksrk dh dk;\ R;kus dks.kk fganq laU;k’kkl ekjys gksrs dh dk;\ vls
dkgh uko ?ks.;klkj[ks —R; dsys vlrs vu~ ex xka/khthauh R;kP;k ukokus izsekus vJw ?kG?kGk xkGys ulrs
rj R;kapk nks”k! tsOgk vcnqy j’khnus fiLrqykph xksGh >kMwu J/nkuan Lokehal ekjys rsOgk ukgh dk ;k
n;kGw iq:”kkus rRdkG ^esjk Hkkvh vcnqy!* Eg.kwu rh rkj okprkp HkjlHksr gacjMk QksMyk! vxnh R;k
gR;k >kysY;k J/nkuankP;k vqYys[kkP;k ‹oklkrp R;k gR;kjh Hkkvh vcnqYYkkfo”k;hP;k d:.ksP;k
vqYys[kkpk ‹okl lksMyk! uOgs R;k Hkkvh vcnqyyk Qk’kh >kyh] rsOgk R;kl {kek Ogkoh ;kLro
J/nkuankP;k iksVP;k eqykusp vtZ djkok Eg.kwu ^;ax fvafM;k*r lwpuk dsY;k] ys[k fyfgys! ;fru fganw]
xka/kh fganw( fganwus fganwfo”k;h R;kps izk.k okpok Eg.kwu ljdkjkl fouarh dj.;kr fo’ks”k rs dk; ?kMrs\ rks
fulxZp vkgs! v’kk uSlfxZd] fofgr] LokHkkfod xks”Vhr rs iMrs] rj R;kal vkt egkRes gh inoh d/kh rjh
feGrh dk\ fof{kIrrk gkp rj egkRE;kpk vkRek vkgs( funku fganqLFkkukr vkt rjh rks rlkp letyk
tkrks( gk dkgh xka/khthapk nks”k ukgh- rqEghp R;kauk egkRE;kph Hkwfedk fnyhr vkrk R;kauk rh rqeP;kp
ekgkRE;si.kkP;kp O;k[;suq:Ik [kqyowu nk[kokoh ykxr vkgs ;kl rs dk; djrhy!
R;krgh rs fujiokn vfgalkoknh egkRes! i.k ;fru~\ Lokra«;kFkZ ‘kL= /kkj.k d:u j‰kj‰h d:
fu?kkysyk vsd lk/kkj.k fgald gqrkRek! R;kph Lrqrh xka/khthauh djkoh gh vis{kkp nq”V vkgs- tsOgk teZu
yksdkauk ekj.;klkBh fganh r:.k ‘kL=s ?ksvwu j‰] j‰! teZukaps &T;kauh vkeP;k ns’kkps dkgh vsd okdMs
dsys ukgh R;k teZukaps & j‰! v’kh lkfŸod xtZuk djhr ;qjksie/;s y<ko;kl xsys] rsOgk R;k fujiokn
vfgald ohjkaph ikB ;k fujiokn vfgalsph dad.ks HkjysY;k egkRE;kus uOgrh dk FkksiVyh\ uOgs]
fvaXyaMP;klkBh teZukal ekjk!&dkik! vlk fgalk’kwU; ‘kkafroknkpk vqins’k djhr vkf.k HkkMks=h lSfud
teohr ^eyk f’k.kkpk rki ;svwu eh vktkjh iMsrks fgaMyks* Eg.kwup rsp lkaxrkr ukgh dk\ i.k ;fruus
rls dkgh rjh iq.;—R; dsys vkgs dk;\ eqGhp ukgh( nq”V dksBpk! vkiY;k Lor%P;k ns’kkP;k
Lokra«;klkBh ‘kL= /k: fu?kkyk! vjs fgaldk] Lor%P;k ns’kklkBh dks.khgh y<rks( R;kr rw fo’ks”k dk;
dsysl\ rks fulxZp vkgs] fofgrp vkgs rs] LoHkkop rks! gka] tj rw Lons’kkP;k vkrrk;h ‘k=wl fe=
Eg.krksl] nqlÚ;kpk ns’k frlÚ;kus yqckMkok Eg.kwu poF;kl ekjko;kl tkrksl & rj R;k rq÷;k orZukr
dkghrjh vykSfdd fof{kIrrk] dkgh rjh vuSlfxZd] vqYywi.kk fnlrk & dh T;kpk iqjLdkj ;k fganqLFkkukr
vq?kMi.ks vkf.k fvafM;u fiuy dksMkph Hkhrh u ckGxrk djrk ;svwu vkEgkl vkeP;k egkRE;kps czhn
jk[krk ;srs!
Hkkvh vcnqYyklkj[kh n;k udks] teZukauk ek: tk.kkÚ;k’kh dsyk rlk lgdkj udks] i.k funku
;rhaækP;k /;s;fu”BsP;k fpdkVhps dkSrqd rjh xka/khthauh djko;kl ikfgts gksrs & tls rs izR;{k izfri{kh;
ljdkjh ofdykauh dsys( vlk dkght.k vk{ksi ?ksrkr i.k ghgh R;kaph pwd vkgs- xka/khth ‘kkS;Z fdaok
/;s;fu”Bsph fpdkVh ;k xq.kkaps dkSrqd dj.;kl dsOgkgh ek?kkj ?ksr ukghr- R;k eksIkY;kaP;k caMkr ukgh dk
R;kauh ^;ax fvafM;k* r okjaokj ‘The Moplas are brave people’ Eg.kwu vq?kMi.ks R;kaph ikB FkksiVyh\
i.k ák Hkxrflax] nŸk] ;rhaæ ;kauh r’kh eksiY;kalkj[kh dks.krh /;s;fu”Bk] dks.krs ‘kkS;Z nk[kfoys vkgs\
R;kaP;kojpk vkjksi fl/n >kyk] rjh Qkj Qkj rj R;kauh ykykthapk lwM Eg.kwu lkaWaMlZyk ekjys fvrdhp
QyJqrh fu?k.kkj! dqBs gs R;kaps Dastardly fHk=si.kkps H;kM —R; & vkf.k dqBs eksiys & rs ‘Brave
Moplas’&dh T;kauh iq:”kkph rj xks”V lksMkp i.k fganwP;k fujijk/k v’kk dU;kauk] iRuhauk] fL=;kaukns[khy
l’kL= vkØe.ks d:u cykRdkfjys] ckVfoys] NkVys! & rlk vsd rjh iq:”kkFkZ ;k Hkxrflax & nŸk &
;rhaækfnd Økafrdkjdkauh dsyk vkgs dk;\ DastardlydqBys!
vkf.k v’kk Dastardly yksdkaph Lrqrh ^;ax fvafM;k*r egkRek xka/khthauh dsyh ukgh Eg.kwu
yksdkapk jkx! tj xka/khth fvrjkaizek.ks eksiY;kapk f/kôkj djrs] vcnqYykyk xk<o Eg.krs fu Økafrdkjdkauk
‘Dastardly’^H;kM* u Eg.krs rj gsp yksd xka/khthal lk/kkj.k euq”; Eg.kwu letwu R;kal egkRek Eg.krs
uk! izFke v’kk vykSfdd fof{kIri.kkyk egkRekinkps xed Eg.kwu letk;ps] rks ln~xq.k nk[kfoyk Eg.kwu
egkREkkin |ko;kps vkf.k ex iqUgk vqyV [kkvwu R;k egkRekinkph Hkwfedk fvrdh vqŸkei.ks ikj ikMhr
vlrk] rh r’kh ikj ikMyh Eg.kwu R;kp egkRE;kyk nks”k |ko;kpk gk ;k yksdlŸkspk dsoG vU;k; vkgs!
Eg.kwup rj ijok xka/khthauh HkksikGyk lkQ lkaxwu Vkdys dh] ^eyk yksdlŸkkoknkps Qkjls izse okVr ukgh-
gh jktlŸkkp iq”dG cjh okVrs! vqnkgj.kkFkZ] ák HkksikGP;k uckckl ikgk! fdrh fcpkjk lk/;k jkg.khpk
ek.kwl rks! R;kph iztk fdrh rjh lq[kkr vkf.k larks”kkr vkgs!*
gqrkRek ;rhaækP;k e`R;wph ckreh ns[khy ns.;kyk ^;ax fvafM;kr* tkxk feGkyh ukgh Eg.kwu yksd
jkxkorkr! i.k rs vlk fopkj djhukr dh ;k ckrehr vso<s vk‹kz;Zdkjd ok egŸokps vls dk; vkgs dh]
R;kps o`Ÿk ^;ax fvafM;ka*r ok ^r:.k Hkkjrkr* ok ^uothoukr* ;kos\ frdMs lkcjerh vkJekarhy ckxsrhy
dsG;kaoj ekdMkaP;k >qaMh iMr vkgsr] R;k ekdMkaP;k ;k Hk;adj vkØe.kkl dehr deh fgalk d:u dls
Bkj ekjrk ;svhy] fdaok funku ?kk;kG d:u /kkdowu ijrfork ;svhy( /kkU;kps nk.ks f’ktowu [kkos dh
v/ksZ f’ktowu dh ikj f’ktowu fHktowu dh uqlrs cSyklkj[ks dMkdM pkowu( vkJekP;k Hkkthr elkyk dka
?kkyw u;s] dka ?kkykok] fdrh ?kkykok] dlk ?kkykok( R;kar fejph fdrh] ehB fdrh( vsdk vktkjh xkvhyk
dls ekjkos] fvatsD’ku nsvwu dh xksGhus dh r’khp Vkdwu&r:.k fganqLFkkups ej.k fdaok thou T;koj
voyacwu vkgs v’kk ;k egk?kVuk] dkjLFkkus] ?kMkeksMh frdMs lkcjerh vkJekP;k fo‹okr pkyY;k vlrk]
R;kauk LraHkP;k LraHk ogk.;kr xqarok;ps dh r:.k fganqLFkkuP;k fgrkfgrk’kh T;kapk vFkkZvFkhZ laca/k ukgh
v’kk ;%df‹pr~ Økafrdkjd iksjkaP;k p?kG thoukaph fu ‘Dastardly’ ej.kkph ckreh Nkihr clko;kps!
vkeP;k i=kps uko ^;ax fvafM;k* ^r:.k fganqLFkku* Eg.kwup vkEgh ts Bsoys rs vqxhp dh dk;\ rhp
xks”V ^uothoukph* rs r:.k fganqLFkku* ps ^uothou* vkgs vkf.k v™k gsp thou vlY;keqGs lkcjerh
vkJekP;k LoSaikd?kjkrhy vusd pGoGhaP;k eguh; ppkZ pkyr vlrk rqeP;k ;k ykgksjP;k vsdk
rq:axkrhy vsdk dksBMhryk vsd ‘Dastardly’ vqukM txrks dk ejrks ;kph dks.k fpark okg.kkj!
;k loZ foospuko:u ;rhaækfo”k;h ekSu /kj.;klkBh egkRekthauk nks”k ns.kkÚ;k yksdkaph d’kh pwd
gksr vkgs gs Li”V gksvhy- egkRekthapk lkBkok ok<fnol ns’kHkj lktjk gksvwu xsyk vlrkgh vtwu ;k
yksdkauk dGsuk dh egkRekthaph lkBh vqyVyhp vlyh ikfgts- rls R;kaps /;kukr ;srs rj rs egkRekthauh
veqd dka EgVys ukgh vkf.k reqd dka EgVys ukgh ;kph ppkZ djrsp uk- R;k Økafrdkjdkauh d/kh rjh
egkRekthal vls lrkowu lksMys vkgs dk\ dkj.k xka/khthauk pkfGlkos o”kZ ykxys rsOgkp R;kapk izFke
ifjp; >kysY;k Økafrdkjdkauk fVGd iapkxkizke.ks xka/khthauk lkBh vqyVwu xsyh vlyhp ikfgts vls
rRdky letwu vkys vkf.k rsOgkiklwu rs dk; Eg.krkr fu dk; ukgh ;kph pkSd’khns[khy R;k
Økafrdkjdkauh d/kh dsyh ukgh- fvrdsp uOgs rj xka/khth gksvwu dkgh lkaxko;kl vs[kkns osGh yqczsi.kk
djhr vkys] rjh rs vsdwu ?ks.;kpk =klns[khy xka/khthal R;kauh d/kh fnyk ukgh-
12&10&1929
¼2½
vk‹kz;kZph xks”V gh dh] ‘ksoVh egkRek xka/khaP;k ^;ax fvafM;k*rgh ^;arhaæukFkkl* gh v{kjs
eko.;kfvrdh fu:i;ksxh tkxk lkiMyh!
ijarq R;k ukaokizjrhp tkxk d’khc’khlkiMyh- R;k ukaoekxs vkt vqHkk Hkkjr ts ^gqrkRek* in
ykohr vkgs] R;k rhu v{kjkauk ek= dkgh dsY;k tkxk lkiMsuk!
Ekkxs vsdk o”kkZr dsoG lqrkus LojkT; feGfo.;kP;k xka/kh;qxkP;k vkSV ?kVdsP;k HkjHkjkVhr tsOgk
dks.kh cksyrkuk lgt Jh;qr xka/khth fdaok Mr. Gandhi Eg.kr] rsOgk dkgh lHkkarwu larkikps fu”ks/k vqBr
dh] ^egkRek* xka/kh Eg.kk! i.k loZ jk”Vª T;k ;rhaækl gqrkRek Eg.kwu xkSjohr vkgs R;kl xka/khth ek=
uqlrk Das ;rhaæ nkl] Eg.kwu vqYysf[krkr! vkf.k rs d’kkr\ rj ^;ax fvafM;ka*r&i=kps ukao ^r:.k
fvafM;k* vkgs R;kr!
r:.k Hkkjr fvdMs ;k gqrkRek ;fruP;k ukaos t;t;dkjkauh vkdk’k Hk:u lksMhr vkgs] R;kP;k
‘kokcjkscj HkkjrkP;k y{k y{k r:.k dU;dk vkf.k dqekj vkiY;k Hk‰hph vklos dqjoaMwu Vkdhr vkf.k
iwtsP;k Qqykaps ckxP;k ckx R;kP;ko:u vq/kGwu Vkdhr pkyys vkgsr] R;kph jk[k vaxkÚ;klkj[kh dikGkl
ykohr vkgsr] gtkjks ‘kkGk vkf.k fo|kihBs HkkjrHkj gjrkG ikMhr vkgsr vkf.k ^t; ;rhaæ] t; gqrkRek*
Eg.kwu xtZuk dk’ehjiklwu jkes‹oji;Zar Hkkjrh; fo‹okrhy r:.k HkkjrkP;k daBkrwu vqBr vkgsr R;k ikgk!
vu~ R;k r:.k HkkjrkP;k ukaokoj fod.kkÚ;k R;k lkcjerhP;k fVpHkj fo‹okrhy ^r:.k Hkkjrk*r Young
India r vkysyk uqlrk Yatindradas gk vsdsjh vqYys[k ikgk! [kÚ;k r:.k HkkjrkP;k uothoukl Hkjrh
vk.k.kkÚ;k ^gqrkRek ;rhups* izfrfcac ;k vkMukokP;k ^r:.k HkkjrkP;k* ^uothouk*rhy x<wG McD;kr
uqlrk vsd Yatinvls iMys vkgs-
vxnh dsoG Yatin! rks J/nkuankaph gR;k dj.kkÚ;k ekth vcnqYyklkj[kk ‘Brother Yatin’ rj
ukghp] i.k R;k vkiY;k /keZfu”B eksiY;kalkj[kk ‘Brave Yatin’ ns[khy ukgh- vkSnk;kZph vxnh ijkdk”Bk
d:u egkRekth Eg.krkr] ^;rhaænkl ¼xqUgsxkj½ vijk/kh uOgrk!* ok dso<s egŸokps izek.ki= ¼lfVZfQdsV½
xka/khthauh ;rhaækauk fnys! dks.kR;kgh ikufoD;kl] VªkegkD;kl gs vlys ^rw xqUgsxkj ukghl* vls feG.kkjs
izek.ki= ;rhaækykgh feGkys gs rjh dkgh FkksMs HkkX; ukgh- dkj.k fcpkÚ;k xksihukFk lgkyk rj gs fvrds
izek.ki=ns[khy feGkys ukgh- R;kP;k vqnkŸk ns’kHk‰hps vkf.k izk.knkuh /kS;kZps dkSrqd vqHkk caxky Hkj
izkafrd ifj”knsr vsdk Lora= Bjkokus djhr vlrk egkRek xka/khthauh ák ‘Young India’r^r:.k Hkkjrk*r]
fyfgys gksrs dh] ^xksihukFk lgklkj[ks gs fgald Økafrdkjd ewGpsp xqUgsxkj vkgsr- R;kaP;k gsrwphns[khy
ok[kk.k.kh dj.ks iki vkgs!* i.k R;k osGh ák rksaMwu fu?kkysY;k eq‰kQGkaph loZ jk”VªdMwu th ‘kksHkk
dj.;kr vkyh] rheqGs ák osGh gqrkRek ;rhaæknkl ^xqUgsxkj* Eg.k.;kfvrds rjh H;kM /kkMl egkRekthal
djoys ukgh- gsgh dkgh FkksMs HkkX; uOgs R;k ;rhaækps!
vu~ egkRek xka/khapsgh fvrds fyfg.ks gs dkgh FkksMs vkSnk;Z uOgs- dkj.k v’kk egkRE;kl v’kk
gqrkRE;kph izfrLi/kkZ okV.ks lkgftd vkgs- R;k Økafrdkjd gqrkRE;kl tks tks yksd iz’kalw ykxrkr rks rks
R;k Økafrdkjdkl ^ikih*] ^xqUgsxkj*] ^fgald* T;kaP;k ns’kSdfu”B gsrwlgh ns’kHk‰h] /kS;kZlgh ‘kwjrk Eg.kwu
xkSjfo.ks gs iki vkgs fvrds eksBs xqUgsxkj Eg.kwu vki.k fuanhr vkyks R;k egkRE;kaph rs yksd R;k R;k
izek.kkr rh vizR;{k fuankp O;‰ djrkr] gh xks”V v’kk gqrkRE;kaP;k t;t;dkjkauh jk”VªP;k jk”Vª fuuknwu
vqBr vlrk v’kk egkRE;kaP;k eukl >ksacr jkgkoh gs vxnh lkgftd vkgs vkf.k vls vlwuns[khy
T;kvFkhZ egkRekthauh ;rhaækl vijk/kh] ikih] fgald fvR;knh T;k ‘ksYkD;k ‘kCnkauh Økafrdkjdkal rs
xkSjorkr] r’kk dks.kR;kgh ‘kCnkauh lacks/kys ukgh R;kvFkhZ rso<;kiqjrs rjh xka/khthapsgh vkHkkj Økafrdkjdkauh
ekukos gs vqfpr gksrs-
vu~ rs vqfprp ?kMwugh vkys gs dGfo.;kl vkEgkl Qkj vkuan gksrks- dkj.k vkeP;kdMs vsd
^vkHkkjh Økafrdkjd* ;k lghus vyhdMsp i= vkys vkgs- R;kr rs ^vkHkkjh Økafrdkjd* fyfgrkr dh]
^gqrkRek ;rhaækfo”k;h egkRek xka/khauk nqljs dkghgh vok{kj fygkosls u okVrk fvrdsp fygkosls okVys dh]
^;rhaænkl ;kl R;kauh vlsp EgVY;klkj[ks vkgs dh] ^;rhaækfo”k;h vf/kd pkaxyh xks”V th eyk l/;k
lkaxrk ;srs rh Eg.kts fvrdhp dh] ^;rhaæ xqUgsxkj ukgh!* gqrkRek ;rhaækfo”k;h egkRekthauh gs fvrds
vqnkj fo/kku ts dsys vkgs] R;kpk vgsj Lohdkjrkuk egkRek xka/khalgh gqrkRek ;rhaækP;k orhus r’kkp
‘ksykikxksV;kpk vqyV vgsj ns.ksgh ;ksX;p vlY;kus Økafrdkjd i{kgh rsp Fkksj izek.ki= xka/khthal ‘kCn’k%
izR;iZ.k djhr vkgs vkf.k xks”V th eyk l/;k lkaxrk ;srs rh fvrdhp dh] xak/kh xqUgsxkj ukghr!*
xka/khathal ;rhaæ gqrkRek okVr ulsy rj rls u okV.;kpk R;kal vf/kdkj vkgs- R;kauh R;kaP;k
izkekf.kd letqrhfo:/n dkgh cksykos vls dks.kklgh lkax.;kpk vf/kdkj ukgh- dsoG v’kk ifjfLFkrhr
R;kauh vkiyh izkekf.kd ers lkoZtfudi.ks lkaxrkuk rh izkekf.kd Hkk”ksr vkf.k izkekf.kd cqf/noknkr lkaxkoh
Eg.kts >kys- i.k Økafrdkjdkafo”k;h cksyrkuk] fyfgrkuk] Hkkorkuk R;kaph Hkk”kk vkf.k dksfVØe fvrD;k
yViVhps vlrkr dh] rs fu%la’k;i.ks vizkef.kdp EgVys tkos- T;k euq”;kyk dsoG Lons’kkFkZ ej.kkÚ;k
xksihukFk lgkP;k gsrwphgh Lrqrh djfoyh ukgh fdaok R;kaP;k Qk’khP;k osGh R;kl okpfo.;klkBh vsd
v{kjgh vqPpkjys ukgh- rks euq”; J/nkuankaP;k ekjsdÚ;kl iVdu ^Hkkvh* Eg.kwu Eg.krks vkf.k R;kph Qk’kh
jí Ogkoh Eg.kwu vtkZph pGoG dj.;kLro O;k[;kus nsrks fdaok ys[k fyfgrks rsOgk R;kps rs orZu
i{kikrkps vu~ Eg.kwup vizkekf.kd Eg.kwu u;s rj dk; Eg.kkos\ vqHkk r:.k ;rhaækl ^gqrkRek* Eg.kwu
xkSjforks&R;kr osGh ^r:.k Hkkjrk*P;k ukaok[kkyh R;k ;rhaækP;k ukaokpk uqlrk ;rhu vlk vsdsjh vkf.k
rqPN vqYys[k dsyk tkrks! gk vso<k foi;kZl rjh izkekf.kdi.kkLro xka/khthauh vo’; VkGkok- [kjks[kj
l/;kpk xka/khathapk ^r:.k Hkkjr*& Yong India &r:.k Hkkjr ulwu rks o`/n Hkkjrkpk lkB o”kkZapk vsd
tquk vad vkgs!
^r:.k Hkkjr* xksihukFk lgkyk ns’kohj Eg.kwu xkSjohr vkgs- ^r:.k Hkkjrk*us dydŸ;kl xsY;k
efgU;kr MkW- HkwisaæukFk nŸk ;kaP;k v/;{krs[kkyh vsd lHkk Hkjowu xsY;k o”khZ nf{k.ks‹oj ckWac [kVY;kr
Qk’khph f’k{kk >kysY;k vuar gjh vkf.k izeksnjatu ák nks?kk ns’kohjkaph iq.;frFkh vkYcVZ gkWye/;s
izdVi.ks ikGyh! T;k ^r:.k Hkkjrk*ps Mksds vls HkMdwu xsys vkgs] R;kP;k ukaokpk rjh R;k vfodkjh]
vpy v’kk egkRekthaP;k eq[ki=kl dyad dk ykxkok gs vkEgkl letr ukgh- okvhV Eg.kk] pkaxys
Eg.kk] i.k ^r:.k Hkkjrk* ph rkth ckreh gh v’kh Hk;adj fparktud] Mksds fQjfo.kkjh vkgs! rh ckreh
egkRekthaP;k i™kkr d’kh okpko;kl lkiM.kkj] Nkirk rjh d’kh ;s.kkj! v’kk le;h vkiY;k eq[ki=kps
^r:.k Hkkjr* gs uko cnywu R;kauh ^o`/n Hkkjr* gs uko Bsokos gsp ;q‰] Eg.kts ukefoHkzekus HkyR;kp
ckrehlkBh Hkyrsp i= ?ksvwu yksd Ql.kkj ukghr- yksdkaph Qlxr gksvw u;s Eg.kwu egkRekthauhgh
vkiY;k i=kps rs Qlos uko cnywu Vkdkos- rks ^;ax fvafM;k* ukgh rks ^vksYM fvafM;k*pk vsd Back
Number vkgs- t[[kM Hkkjrkpk vsd lkB o”kkZpk tquk vad!
r:.k fganqLFkku! rs vkt ohl o”kkZaiwohZ Lora= fganqLFkkups /;sa; ?kksf”kr d:ugh Vkd.kkjs] R;k
Lokra«;kLro cÚ;k Eg.kk okvhV Eg.kk&rks iz‹kz Lora= vkgs i.k & R;kauk ;ksX; okVY;k R;k ekxkZauh vkiys
/ku&eu&ru izk.klq/nk loZLo vihZr vkysys] Qk’khoj yVdr jkg.kkjs] vanekukr lMr jkg.kkus] [kaMks[kaMh
Hk;adj ladVkl lksl.kkjs] ‘k=wdMwu IkkBykxys tkr futZu jkukoukr fgalz i’kawps ?kkl gks.kkjs i.k ^Lokra«;
y{eh dh t;* gsp xtZ.kkjs rs vkx[kkvw r:.k fganqLFkku! vkf.k Lokra«; gs /;s;p ekU; ul.kkjs] eæklP;k
jk”Vªh; lHksiklwu vktoj Lokra«;kP;k /;s;kl fojks/k dj.kkjs] olkgrhps LojkT; rj dk;] i.k oj dks.khgh
Lokj >kys rjh eyk yxkekpk =kl ulyk Eg.kts >kys vls Eg.k.kkjs LokjhP;k ?kksM;klkj[ks dsoG
lqjkT;kusns[khy larq”V gks.kkjs gs rqeps ikyk[kkvw t[[kM fganqLFkku R;kl r:.k dls Eg.kkos! rs rqeps
Yong India rs ^r:.k fganqLFkku* iwohZ vsdnk dsOgk r:.k vlsy] i.k R;kyk lkBkoj rj dk; i.k
‘krdkoj o”ksZ vqyVwu xsyh- rks vkrk >kyk vkgs t[[kM fganqLFkkuP;k ‘kaHkj o”kkZiwohZpk vsd tquk vad!
Eg.kwu vkrk egkRek xka/khlkj[;k izkekf.kd ek.klkl tj gh vizkekf.kd ifjfLFkfr eukiklwu
vkoMr ulsy] rj R;kauh vkiY;k ^;ax fvafM;k*ps] ^r:.k Hkkjr* gs uko cnywu Vkdkos vkf.k R;kl Back
Number tquk vad fdaok ^o`/n Hkkjr*vls uko |kos- xka/khth vkiyh ers tsOgk t’khaP;k r’khp lkaxrkr]
rsOgk R;karhy dkghdkaps glw vkys rjh fo”kkn okVr ukgh- i.k xka/khthaP;k gkrwu jktdh; dk;kZrhy vusd
vqyk<kyh pkyrkuk lR;kP;k ukok[kkyh /kM/kMhr vlR;kpk yiaMko pkyw vlrkss- vkiys eu [kjs vkgs- gs
Lor%ps Lor%ykns[khy fl/n dj.ks dBh.k gksrs vkf.k gs ek>s rŸpKku dsoG rŸp vKku gksrs vls vq?kM
ekU; dj.;kps /kS;Zgh djor ukgh rsOgk osG lk/kwu us.;klkBh ts rksaMh ;svhy rs cksyr lqVrkr&rs R;kaps
orZu ek= gkL;kLin gksrs- iqUgk vsd vqnkgj.k Eg.kwu ijok R;kauh ehjrP;k Økafrdkjd [kVY;krhy
vkjksihaph ?ksrysyh HksV ikgk!
ehjrP;k ØkafrdkjdkaPkk [kVyk vkarjjk”Vªh; egŸokpk- >kMwu lkÚ;k izeq[k iq<kÚ;kauh R;kaP;k
cpkokdfjrk fu/kh dk<yk- ;%fRdf‹pr pksjh njoM;kP;k oS;f‰d [kVY;krgh U;k;kpk ;ksX; ykHk lokZal
feGkok Eg.kwu ljdkjh O;;kusns[khy odhy nsrkr- rsOgk vso<;k eksB;k jk”Vªh; [kVY;krhy fvrD;k
ns’kHk‰ ns’klsodkaP;k leFkZukFkZ lkoZtfud fu/kh vqHkkj.;kr dkghvsd okoxs vkgs vls izR;{k R;kaP;k
foi{kh;kal& fvafXYk’k ljdkjklns[khy &Eg.koys ukgh- i.k xka/khthauh ehjr [kVY;klkBh fu/kh vqHkkj.;kl
lkgk¸; rj dsys ukghp i.k vqyV rs —R; d: u;s Eg.kwu er fnys- iq<s tsOgk R;k fof{kIr erkl Hkhd u
?kkyrk yksdkauh fu/kh vqHkkjykp rsOgk ex Lor%P;k euklp rh xks”V [kkvw ykxY;keqGs Eg.kk fdaok ;kgwu
vf/kd vq.ksi.kk vk.k[kh vs[kk|k gsrweqGs Eg.kk egkRekthauh tkvwu ehjrP;k cafnokukaph HksV ?ksryh vkf.k
R;kaP;kfo”k;hP;k fu/khl vki.k fojks/k dsyk rks dk Eg.kwu fopkjys tkrkp xksa/kGwu tkvwu dkj.k dk;
lkafxrys rs vSdysr dk\
xka/khth Eg.kkys] ^ehjrP;k cafnokukaP;k [kVY;klkBh lkoZtfud fu/kh vqHkk: u;s vlk tks eh
fojks/k dsyk] R;kps dkj.k vls dh] ehjrpk [kVyk pkyfo.;kl dks.khrjh Fkksj odhy vki.k gksvwup iq<s
;kok* vkrk gh yViViaph uOgs rj dk;\ v’kk R;kaP;k osGksosGhP;k eq[keLrhfr o‰O;koj va/kfo‹okl
Bsowu R;k okD;krhy fof{kIri.kklp rŸoKkukps loZlkekU;kal vxE; vls jgL; Eg.kwu let.kkjs uanhcSy
lksMys] rj fvrj dks.;k lkjklkj fopkj vl.kkÚ;k ek.klkl ojhy yViViaphpk ohV vkY;kokpwu jkghy\
ehjr [kVY;krhy ns’klsodkal QqdV odhy nsofo.;kpk tj xka/khthapk vqís’k gksrk] rj R;klkBh
dks.kk vs[kk|kl r’kh var%LFk fouarh djko;kph fdaok lkoZtfudi.ks rh vkdka{kk izfl/n djko;kph- cjs
odhy QqdV feG.;kph rh osG dsOgkp fu?kwu xsyh- rhuarj rjh fu/khl lkgk¸; dk fnys ukgh\ vk.k[kh
vls dh] dks.kh vsd Fkksj odhy vki.k gksvwu iq<s ;svwu ;so<k eksBk [kVyk QqdV pkyohy v’kh vk’kk
okV.;kfvrds fganqLFkkuP;k fLFkrhps vKku ;kp osGh xka/khauk dka Hkksoys\ [kknhfu/kh&euki=kpk fyyko
djd:u] dk; jôe feGsy R;k vkdM;koj HksVhph foØh djd:u] rs teorkr- ex rsOgk dqBs ukgh rs
okV ikgr dh dks.kh vs[kknk vsdp vsd O;kikjh gh loZ y{kko/kh :I;kaph jôe nsvwu Vkdrks dh ukgh
rks\ rsOgk rj veD;k ftYákr veqd gtkj feGkysp ikfgtsr Eg.kwu vkiY;k gLrdkl l‰ vkxzg
dj.;kl u dpj.kkjs gs [kknh fHkdkjh dsoG fcpkaÚ;k ehjr&fu/khl ek= fojks/k djrkr dh] r’kh Hkhd
ekx.;kis{kk vs[kknk odhy vki.k gksvwu iq<s ;s.ks cjs- teZukal ekj.;klkBh fvaxztkaP;k iyV.khr ‘kwj yksd
vki.k gksvwu tkvhrks* ák x`gLFkkauh okV dka cjs ikfgyh ukgh\ ^rki ;svhrks* fvaxztkaP;k fjØwV vstaVkps
dke ?kjP;k HkkdÚ;k [kkvwu dka dsys\ dkj.k rs fvaxztkaP;k orhus y<ko;kps gksrs vkf.k ehjrP;k yksdkaoj
fvaxztkafo:/n y<.;kpk vkjksi vkgs Eg.kwup uk\ ex vkEgh Eg.krks dh] rs rqEgh pô lkaxwu dk Vkdhr
ukgh\ R;kpk jkx ukgh- i.k rks rqepk var%LFk gsrw Nifo.;klkBh gs ts fucqZ/n cqf/nokn dj.;kph vki.kkl
Qkj fnolkaph pVd ykxysyh vkgs uk] rhp eq[;r% f/kôkjkgZ vkgs!
gqrkRek ;rhaænkl l’kL= Økafrdkjd gksrk- v’kk vkx[kkvw Hkxr] nŸk] lgk] ;rhukfndkal loZ
jk”Vªkus gqrkRek ns’kHk‰] ns’kohj Eg.kwu xkSjfoys Eg.kts ek÷;k R;k ckiM;k ikyk[kkvw] vFkZ’kwU;] vfgalk
iaFkkojhy yksdkapk fo‹okl vqMr pkyyk vkf.k R;k ekukus ek÷;k oS;f‰d ulys ¼dkj.k oS;f‰d iz‹kz
Lora= vkgs ½ rjh ikafFkd egkRE;kps izLFk deh gksrs Eg.kwu eh ;rhaækl gqrkRek Eg.kr ukgh vls LoPNi.ks
xka/khth lkaxwu Vkdrhy] rj rs ;kgwu fdrhrjh izkekf.kdi.kkps gksvhy- rlsp gs ehjrps yksdgh l’kL=
ØkarhP;k vkjksikr lkiMysys] R;kaP;klkBh fu/kh jk”Vªkus vqHkkjyk rj jk”Vªkr xkSjo gksr vkgs vls gks.kkj]
dkj.k vsd odhy QqdV feGkyk rjh R;kl jk”Vªh; Lo:Ik ;s.ks ukgh- ;kLro jk”Vªh; fu/kh vqHkkjyk rjp
R;k [kVY;kps jk”Vªh; egŸo vR;ar Li”V gksrs- Eg.kwup gs ehjrfu/kh tk.kwucqtwu lkoZtfudi.ks vqHkkjys(
i.k eyk jk”Vªkr ;k Økafrdkjdkaps vls Lrkse ektysys ikfgys dh phM ;srs- ¼vkf.k xka/khthal cksyrk
cksyrk phM d’kh >Vdu ;srs gs R;kaP;k’kh fojks/k d: xsysY;k vusd x`gLFkkal vuqHkwr vkgsp-½ v’kk
gqrkRE;kapk ikafFkd t;t;dkj Eg.kts ek÷;klkj[;k egkRE;kpk ikafFkd f/kôkj- v’kk ØkafrdkjdkaP;k
ikBiqjkO;kl fu?k.kkjs jk”Vªh; fu/kh Eg.kts vfgalkokndkaph ikB iqjo.kkjh jk”Vªh; fuank gks; vls eh iôsi.kh
letwu vlY;kus eyk ;k Økafrdkjdkapk dks.khgh xkSjo dsysyk [kir ukgh vu~ Eg.kwu eh ehjrP;k
[kVY;kP;k fu/khl fojks/k dsyk vls egkRekthauh Li”V lkaxwu Vkdys] rj R;kl [kksVhukVh fufeŸks lkax.;kph
xjt iM.kkj ukgh- vkrk ;kiq<s rjh R;kauh vls vizkekf.kd vkf.k R;kaP;kokpwu fvrj dks.kkykgh u
Qlfo.kkjs dksfVØe dj.ks lksMwu |kos- Eg.kts R;kaph ers fdrhgh fo:/n vlyh rjh R;kpk dks.kkl fvrdk
fo”kkn okV.kkj ukgh- vu~ ;k loZ lq/kkj.kspk ikafFkd vkRe’kq/nhpk vkjaHk Eg.kwu R;kaP;k R;k i=kps Young
India gs Hkzked uko cnywu nqljs vqnkgj.kkFkZ Back Number vls dkghrjh Bsokos- dkj.k R;kaP;k R;k lkB
o”kkZaP;k r:.k HkkjrkP;k tqU;k vkdka{kk vkf.k R;k futhZo uothouk’kh ftoar HkkjrkP;k r:.k fi<hps dkgh
vsd fopkjlkE; ok vkpkjlkí’; jkfgysys ukgh- r:.k Hkkjr egkRek xka/khP;k papy] vqFkG fu nqcG;k
jktdkj.kkl rqPN letwu R;kaP;kiq<s vsd ‘krd fu?kwu xsys vkgs- rs T;kl uqlrk ^;rhu* Eg.krkr] R;kl
^gqrkRek* Eg.kwu xkSjohr vkgs- rs T;kl xqUgsxkj Eg.krkr] R;k lgk] enuyky] dkUgsjs] Hkxr] nŸk ;kal
ns’kohj Eg.kwu t;t;dkjhr vkgsr- eksBh okvhV xks”V [kjh i.k vkgs rs vls vkgs- rqEgkl r:.k Hkkjrkr
dks.kh fopkjhr ukgh! R;kaP;k izpfyr Hkh”k.k Hkk”ksr rs rqeP;k rkT;k vadkl Back Number Eg.krkr!
Young India uOgs Dying India Eg.krkr-
16&11&1929
 7- Lokra«;kyk fojks/k

eæklP;k jk”Vªh; lHksps vf/kos’ku cjsp ;’kLoh >kys vkgs ;kr ‘kadk ukgh ijarq&
egkRekth Eg.krkr] ^gs jk”Vªh; lHksps vf/kos’ku vxnh iksjdV >kys!* ekyoh;] cs>aV fvR;knh
lŸkj vSa’khph dksoGh iksjs ftFkY;k oknfooknkr izkeq[;kus Hkkx ?ksr gksrs] R;k vf/kos’kukrhy oknfookn
iksjdV vl.kkjp! rjh cjs] ytirjk; R;kr uOgrs- ukgh rj R;k iatkcP;k iksjkus vqH;k lHkspk uqlrk
iksj[ksG dsyk vlrk!
egenvYyh] ‘kkSdr vYyh] Jhfuokl v¸;axkj] vUlkjh fvR;knh eæklP;k jk”Vªh; lHksrhy cgqrsd
iq<kjh eaMGhp xka/khthaP;k dydŸkk rs vgenkckni;Zra ^iksjdV* jk”Vªh; lHksrhy lgdkjh gksrs- fvrdsp
uOgs rj v/;{kgh vlr- Qkj dk; ;k fMlsacjP;k ifgY;k vkBoM;krp xka/khth Eg.kkys gksrs] ^ek>s
jktdh; er v;axkjkP;k Lok/khu vkgs!* vu~ uarj ^vUlkjhaP;k erkr lekfo”V gks.kkjs vkgs!* ijarq gs loZ
vxnh xsY;k vkBoM;ki;Zar fvrds Fkksj vlysys x`gLFk vsdk pkj fnolkar iksjdV vkf.k nkf;Ro’kwU;
¼cstckcnkj½ >kys! dkj.k\ R;kauh ^iw.kZ Lokra«; gsp Hkkjrkps /;s;* gk Bjko laer dsyk!
iw.kZ Lokra«;kP;k Bjkokph ljdkjkl eksBh phM- vFkkZrp xka/khthaukgh fo’ks”kr% R;kp Bjkokph Qkj
phM ;koh gs R;kaP;k ijksidkjh] ‘kkar LoHkkokl lktslsp vkgs- rs Eg.krkr] ^v’kk iksjdV vkf.k vkiY;k
‘k‰hP;k vkokD;kckgsjP;k xks”Vh cksywu vki.k vkiys glw d:u ?ksrks! ^xka/khthapk gk vk{ksi vxnh [kjk
vkgs- dkj.k R;kauh ts lkezkT;krhy LojkT;kps /;s; iq<s Bsoys gksrs rs fdrh lgt] vxnh yoys या
ckHkGhps Qwy rksMkos rls iVdu rksMwu ?ksrk ;s.;klkj[ks gksrs! vuR;kpkjh vfgalsP;k lkr o”kkZP;k dkGkr
xka/kh&xksa/kGkuarjgh lk;eu dfe’kuoj vsdgh fganh lHkkln useyk xsyk ukgh ;k vsdk xks”Vho:ugh
olkgrhps LojkT; dls vxnh gkrk’kh vkysys gksrs gs Li”V gks.kkjs vkgs!
cjs /;s;kr vu~ dk;ZØekr iksjdVi.kk >kyk rks >kyk- i.k funku vkiY;k ‘k‰hP;k vkVksD;krhy
eæklP;k jk”VªlHksus rks dk;ZØe d/kh ;’kLoh gks.kkj R;kpk vs[kknh vof/k rj Li”Vi.ks fufnZ”V djko;kph!
i.k rsns[khy ukgh- vkeP;k egkRekthaus ikgk dls dsys gksrs rs! lokZauh dksVZs] uksdÚ;k lksMkO;k vkf.k lwr
dk<kos gk vsdk ‹oklkr lkaxrk ;s.;klkj[kk lksik dk;ZØe vu~ vsdk o”kkZr LojkT; gh QyJqrhph vsdk
cksVkoj ekstrk ;s.kkjh lqLi”V vof/k! ákiq<sgh vxnh fu.kkZ;d xf.kr d:u izfl/n dsys gksrs dh]
pj[;kP;k pkdkpk vsd ?ksj fQjyk dh LojkT; vsd fnol toG ;srs( vlk vsdlqrh lksik dk;ZØe vkf.k
v’kh xf.krh; नि चततेची vof/k Bjfork vkyh ikfgts Eg.kts ex ts ;’k xka/khthyk ykHkys rs ;’k
YkkHkwu R;kauk tls vsdk o”kkZr LojkT; feGkys rls ;kaukgh feGrs!
vlks] >kys rs >kys] vkrk ;kiq<s rjh eæklP;k jk”Vªh; lHksrhy iksjdV vkf.k nkf;Ro’kwU; okn
dj.kkjs vu~ Bjko dj.kkjs yksd xka/khthaP;k ;k [kjejhr Vhdsus lko/k gksrhy v’kh vkEgh vk’kk djrks-
xka/khth jkxkoys vkgsr( R;kaP;k erkpk vuknj dj.ks ‘kD; ukgh- xka/khth jkxkoys] dkj.k xka/khth
lŸoxq.kkph [kk.k vkgsr- R;kaP;k erkpk vuknj dj.ks ;ksX; ukgh- dkj.k “Himalayan mistakes”
P;k&igkMh pqD;kaP;k &larr izokgkaps rs izR;{k xkseq[k vkgs!!
Lokra«;kps] Absolute Political Independence ps /;s; dk ulkos ;kfo”k;h vsd egŸokps dkj.k
Eg.kwu xka/khthauh fnys vkgs] rs gs dh] Independence ;k fvaxzth ‘kCnkyk Lons’kh izfr’kCnp ukgh!
;kyk Eg.krkr Hkk”kk’kkL=! Xkhrk gs dsoG :id vlwu ;kr fujis{k vfgalkp f’kdfoyh tkr vkgs vkf.k
Hkkjrh; ;q/nfc/n vls dkghp >kys ukgh] gk xka/khthapk vSfrgkfld ‘kks/kns[khy ák ‘kks/kkus ekxs Vkdyk! rs
tls tkMs fvfrgkl’kkL=K rlsp Hkk”kk’kkL=K vkgsr [kjs! egkjk"VªkrY;k vs[kk|k gk;Ldqykrhy dq.kh QkVdk
fo|kFkhZ Independence Eg.kts ^Lokra«;* gk izfr’kCn egkRekthl f’kdfo.;kph —ik djhy dk\
vu~ letk Independence ‘kCnkyk Lons’kh ‘kCn ukgh] rjh dk; rsOk<;klkBh Lons’kkus Lora=
gksvwp u;s\ ikyZesaVyk Lons’kh ‘kCn uOgrk( ex ikyZeasVph i/nr xka/khthauk d’kh ilar iMyh\ lR;kxzg
‘kCn eh vq Hkfoyk vkgs (Invented) Eg.kwu xka/khth Lor%p izkS<h ekjhr vlrkr- vFkkZr R;kaP;k ers
lR;kxzg dYiusyk Lons’kh ‘kCn uOgrk( ex R;k lR;kxzgkph dYiuk R;kauh lksMwu dka fnyh ukgh\ i.k
vsdk okD;kpk nqlÚ;k okD;k’kh] vsdk orZukpk nqlÚ;k orZuk’kh] vkt cksyrks R;kpk vq|kP;k cksy.;k’kh
laca/k vkf.k lqlaxri.kk tqGw ykxyk rj ex R;kr xka/khi.kk rks dk; jkfgyk\ Independence yk
Lons’kh izfr’kCn ukgh Eg.kwu Lokra«;kps /;s; udks gs xaHkhji.ks lkax.kkjs ys[kd eækl dkaWaxzslyk iksjdV
Eg.krkr rs fryk [kjks[kjp Hkw”k.kkLin vkgs-
Independence yk Lons’kh izfr’kCn ukgh] Eg.kwu Eg.ks fvafXy’kkaP;k lkezkT;kr jkg.;kps /;s; cjs!
vsd jk”Vª nkL;kP;k ujdkr dqtr Bsok( dk rj Eg.ks Hkk”ksr vsd ‘kCn deh vkgs! vgks] tj
Independence yk Lons’kh izfr’kCn ulsy rj rks ‘kks/kwu dk<w- Lokra«;klkBh vsd izfr’kCnp dk;] i.k gs
Hkkjr vsd izfrl`”Vh ?kMohy! vsd izfregkHkkjr y<ohy! i.k Lokra«; feGohyp!
Independence yk izfr’kCn Eg.ks yksdkr vfLrRokr ukgh! Lokra«; ‘kCnkpk vFkZ xka/khth Eg.krkr]
yksdkauk letr ukgh! i.k yksdkauk Eg.kts dks.kR;k yksdkauk! Lkkcjerh vkJekrhy dh dk;\ dkj.k
lkcjerhP;k ckgsj frdMs xksnkojhP;k dkBkojhy nsoGknsoGkarwu vu~ nÚ;knÚ;karwu] gkVkarwu vkf.k ?kkVkarwu
;k ^Lokra«;kps* /ouh fvrds tksjkus fu?kkysys vkgsr dh] R;kaps izfr/ouh FksEl unhP;k FkMhoj vqBkos!
eqGkeqBsP;k vkf.k gqxGhP;k vkf.k jkoh&lrytP;k rhjkrhjkaoj] ;k pkyw ‘krdkrY;k vxnh xsY;k ohl
o”kkZP;k vkr] gk ^Lokra«;*’kCn tUeka/kkykgh okprk ;kok fvrD;k ykyHkMd j‰jaxkus T;kaoj fyfgysyk
vkgs] vls Qk’khps [kkac vkf.k canhx`gkP;k fHkarh rhjkrhjkaoj vqHkkjysY;k vkgsr! ;k ‘kCnkpk fuukn
vanekuP;k Hkq;kjkHkq;kjkarwu vqBysyk vkgs- iwohZP;k xks”Vh uOgsr&;k xsY;k iapohl fnolkarY;k] rkT;k
gqrkRE;kaP;k j‰kfvrD;k rkT;k xks”Vh vkEgh lkaxr vkgksr- [kjs dh [kksVs gs ikfgts rj vxnh vtwu vksY;k
vlysY;k dkdksjhP;k ØkafrdkjdkaP;k Qk’khP;k [kkackal fopkjk! egkRekth] rs rqeP;k fczfV’k lkezkT;krhy
LojkT;klkBh&e`xtGkrY;k ik.;klkBh&esys ukghr rks vFkZ R;kauk dGyk ukgh- rs ^Lokra«;k*lkBh esys-
rqeP;k xsY;k lkr o”kkZaP;k xka/kh&xksa/kGkr R;k ^Lokra«;* ‘kCnkpk vFkZ rs foljys ukghr!
vgks] T;k t;t;dkjkr xsY;k ohl o”kkZr gtkjks&v{kj’k% gtkjks&r:.kkauh vkiyh f’kjs dkiwu vu~
lalkj tkGwu HkkjrekrsP;k pj.kkoj cfynku dsys] rks [kknhpk t;t;dkj uOgrk] rj ^Lokra«;y{eh dh
t; ^pkp t;t;dkj gksrk!!
tj fganqLFkkukr dks.kkyk Lokra«; ‘kCn dGr ulyk rj rks yksdkauk uOgs( rks jk”Vªh; lHksyk dGr
uOgrk! Yskdkarhy gtkjksaP;k j‰kP;k fcanwfcanwar rks ‘kCn fuuknyk] yk[kks R;k ‘kCnkpk t;t;dkj vSdrkp
vq?kM Hkhr] i.k eukr R;kpk vknjp djhr( i.k Lor%P;k Hkhrhphp ykt >kd.;klkBh rs /;s;p pqdhps
vkgs Eg.kwu R;kpk vq?kM vuknj dj.kkjs vgaeU; H;kMi.k yksdkauh fvrds nk[kfoys ukgh dh] ftrds
jk”Vªh; lHksus nk[kfoys! egk;q/nkP;k fnolkar vf’kf{kr f’kik;kaP;k iyV.khP;k iYkV.kh ^Lokra«;* ‘kCnkpk
vFkZ rRdkG letY;k] i.k jk”Vªh; lHkk letyh ukgh!
Lokra«; ‘kCnkpk vFkZ tj dks.kkyk letyk ulsy rj rks yksdkauk ukgh( i.k jk”Vªh; lHksyk gks;-
vu~ jk”Vªh; lHksrgh rks Lokra«; ‘kCn tj dq.kkyk vxnhp vu~ vtwugh dGr ulsy] rj xka/khth] rks
vki.kkl gks;!
God Save the King gs fvafXy’k lkezkT;kps ;q/nkxhr eksB;k vfHkekukus Eg.k.kkjs rs vki.kp! >qyw
y<kvhfo”k;h Lor% rqEghp rqeP;k vkRepfj=kr fyfgrk] ^>wyw yksdkauh fganwLFkkuh yksdkaph Qkj Øwji.ks
dŸky pkyyh gksrh i.k rjhgh R;k yksdkafo:/n fvaxztkauh ;q/n iqdk:u R;k LokjhlkBh Lo;alsod
ekxfoysys vSdrkp eyk Lo;alsod gks.ks vu~ fvafXy’kkaP;k lsusr y<kvhryk dkghrjh Hkkx ?ks.ks vo’;
okVys- dkj.k eh fvaxzth lkezkT;kl txrkoj vqidkj dj.kkjs lkezkT; Eg.kwu letr gksrks- R;k lkezkT;kpk
uk’k gksvw u;s gh ek>h eu%iwoZd fvPNk gksrh!*
 vu~ vktgh rqeph rhp fvPNk vkgs- gs rqEgkyk ôfpr dGr ulsy] i.k fvaxztkauk dGrs] vqxhp
ukgh rqEgkyk lgk o”kkZph f’k{kk nsvwu nksu o”kkZar lksMwu fnys! vu~ R;k fVGdkauk lgk o”kkZaoj vs[kknk fnol
vf/kd vMfoys( i.k vs[kknk fnol lwV ukgh feGkyh- vqxhp ukgh rqEgkyk fganqLFkkuHkj okÚ;klkj[ks
okgkor ljdkj eksdGs lksMhr! Rkqeps izokl lq[kdj Ogkosr Eg.kwu jsYosP;k fof’k”V vkKk lqVr! Lora= Mcs
ljdkjh vkKsus jk[kwu Bsoys tkr! ukgh rj R;k fVGdkapk Lor% HkkMs Hk:u jk[kysyk Mck R;kauk osGsoj
feGr uls- vu~ R;kapk QksVks ?kjkr Bsoyk dh] iksfyl ekxs ykxr- rsp rqEgh ikgk- jktsjtokM;kaps
ikgq.kpkj ?ksr pkj pkj efgus jkfgysys vlrk( i.k R;k laLFkkfudkl ljdkj vgksps vjs Eg.kr ukgh- rsp
tj fVGd fdaok Lokra«;y{ehpk t;t;dkj dj.kkjk r:.k R;k jktokM;karwu egkjktkauk vu~ jktkauk
OgkWfvljk;kauh jkT;ko:u [kkyh vks<ys vlrs [kkyh!
eksB;k ohjJhP;k vfHku;kr xka/khth iq<s fyfgrkr] ^eyk Lokra«;kpk vFkZ dGr ukgh!* gs tj [kjs
vlsy rj cqf/neka|kps y{k.k nqljs dk;\
^eyk Lokra«;kph (Independence) ykylk ukgh( ijarq eyk nkL;eq‰rsph (Freedom) ykylk
vkgs!* R;kauk eqathph ykylk ukgh] vqiu;ukph vkgs! yxzkph ukgh( fookgkph vkgs! vls rs o`Ÿki=kar
fyghr ukghr orZekui=kr fyfgrkr!!!
^eyk fvafXy’kkaP;k tks[kMkiklwu eq‰rk goh vkgs( eh R;klkBh okVsy rs ewY; nsvhu-* l’kL=
Økarhpsns[khy \ vaga! ‘kkara ikia! ‘kkara ikia!
rs iq<s Eg.krkr] ^nkL;eq‰rsis{kk v’kkarrk vu~ vO;oLFkk iljyh rjh pkysy! dkj.k fvafXy’kkaph
‘kkarrkgh Le’kkukph ‘kkarrk vkgs- vsdk vqH;k jk”VªkP;k ák ftoar ej.kkgqu nqljh dks.krhgh voLFkk cjh
vkgs- ák lqanj Hkwehpk ák lSrkuh ‘kklukus uSfrd vu~ HkSkfrd lR;kuk’k dsyk vkgs-
Qkj pkaxys] ijarq gk ohjJhpk vfHku; lkcjerhP;k vusd lqrh uof’kD;kal viwoZ okVr vlsy!
i.k vkEgkal R;kr dkgh uohu ukgh- tsOgk ;k okD;kapk vFkZgh rqEgkl vktP;k Independence P;k
vFkkZizek.ks letr uOgrk] rsOgk gh okD;s vkEgh r:.kkauh rqEgkl vkf.k rqeP;k fi<hrY;k vusd
^FkksjdVkal* f’kdfoyh vkgsr] rs vki.k foljys ulkyp! vlky] rj rqeP;k gkrP;k izek.ki=klg rs fl/n
d:u nsvw- Lokra«;oknh yksdkauk gs /kMs rqEgh udks f’kdok;yk rs rqEgkykp vtwu iqjrs f’kdko;kps vkgsr-
ák okD;karhy izR;sd okD; iapohl o”kkZiwohZiklwu vkEgh r:.k rqeP;k dkukr cGs cGs dksachr vkyks
vkgksr-
vu~ tj ghp rqeP;k Freedom ph O;k[;k vlsy] rj ex Independence phgh ghp O;k[;k
vkgs- LojkT; vu~ Lokra«; vsdp vkgs-
ts Lora«k ulrs rs LojkT; gksvw ‘kdr ukgh- ts LojkT; ulrs rs Lokra«;gh gksvw ‘kdr ukgh-
Lokra«;kpk Bjko iksjdV dk rj Eg.ks rs /;s; vkt v’kD; vkgs- vu~ xka/khth Lor%ps /;s;
lkaxrkr dh] ^ek>s /;s; txrkrhy loZ nqcZG jk”Vªkal izcG ihMdkaP;k gkrwu] T;k ihMdkar fvaXyaM izeq[k
vkgs] lqVdk dj.;kps vkgs!* ;kyk Eg.krkr lqlaxr dksfVØe! Lons’kkps Lokra«; gs /;s; vkt vlk/;
vkf.k Eg.kwup iksjdV okV.kkÚ;k c`gLirhauk vqH;k txrkrhy nqcZGkaph eq‰rk dj.;kps /;s; vxnh lgt
lqlk/; okVrs rj! tj ulsy rj rs lglziVhus vf/kd vlk/; vlY;keqGs] lglziVhus vf/kdp iksjdV uOgs
dk;\
Lokra«;kps /;s; uqlrk cksy vkgs- —rh djk vu~ ex cksyk Eg.kwu vk{ksi djrkr! tj ohjJhP;k
izfrKsuq:Ik ohjojkaph —rh ;k fganqLFkkukr dks.kR;k vs[kk|k i{kkus [kjks[kjp dsyh vlsy] rj rh
Lokra«;oknh i{kkusp gks;] Lokra«;y{ehpk t;t;dkj dj.kkÚ;kauhp R;kaP;k nsgkaph vkf.k izk.kkaph
jk[kjkaxksGh d:u fganqLFkkups lej vBjk’ks lŸkkouiklwu ;k vsdks.khl’ks LkŸkkohli;Zar >qatfoys vkgs- rs
pkSjhpkSÚ;kP;k pksjokVkauh iGkysys ukghr-
 vu~ —rh djrk ;svhy frrdsp /;s; Bsok Eg.k.kkÚ;k egkRE;kauh ts R;kaps vqH;k txrkarhy nqcZy
jk”Vªkal eq‰ dj.;kps /;s; iq<s Bsoys vkgs] R;klkBh R;kauh dks.krh —rh dsyh\ ihMd jk”Vªkarhy vxz.kh
Eg.kwu T;kal rs Lor%p Eg.krkr] R;k fvaXyaMP;k lkezkT;kP;k j{k.kklkBh teZukaph dŸky dj.;kl fcpkÚ;k
fganh ‘ksrdÚ;kal e`R;wP;k eq[kkr <dyys ghp uk\
okLrfod ikgrk T;kauk rdZ’kkL= d’kk’kh [kkos gs ekghrp ukgh] R;k Himalayan Mistakes P;k
vkpk;kZaP;k rksaMh ykx.ks Eg.kts dkykpk viO;; gks;- i.k fdR;sd HkksaxG lqrh HkkcMs izk.kh R;kaP;k
‘kCnkarY;k vlac/n voMacjklp vxE; cqf/neŸksps y{k.k letwu Qlrkr Eg.kwu gh fvrdh ‘kkvh ák
Lokra«;kP;k jkxkus fpMwu tkvwu ts izy; ^;ax fvafM;k*r egkRekthauh dk<ys R;koj fu:ik; Eg.kwu
vksrkoh ykxyh-
tks t;t;dkj dkjkxkjkauh Lis’ky fVªC;wuykauh] fMiksVsZ’kukauh] dkG;kik.;kus] ykyik.;kus]
Qk’khP;k [kkackauh] oSekfud ckWaco”kkZokauh] tkfy;uokY;kP;k dŸkyhauh Fkkacyk ukgh rks t;t;dkj vkt
^;ax fvafM;k*P;k futhZo Vhdsus Fkkac.kkj ukgh! tks t;t;dkj izFke vsdk ewBHkj gqrkRE;kauh dsyk rks vkt
vqHks Hkkjr izdVi.ks djhr vkgs- xka/khth rGeGksr dh uksdj’kkgh tGQGks] vqHks Hkkjr xtZrp jkg.kkj dh]
^Lokra«;y{eh dh t;!!!*
26&1&1928
 8- ns nku lqVs fxÚgk.k
Ekæklph jk”Vªh; lHkk fvrds egŸokps nwjn’khZi.kkps Bjko d:u vqByh dh] vkt Qkj fnolkauh
jk”Vªh; lHksps eu%iwoZd vfHkuanu dj.;kpk vkuan egkjk”Vª i{kkl iqUgk vqiHkksfxrk ;kok!
^laiw.kZ jktdh; Lokra«; gsp ek>s jktdh; /;s; vkgs* v’kh ‘kiFk ^vfHkuo Hkkjr* us ohl iapohl
o”kkZiwohZ ?ksryh- R;k Lokra«;kpk Li”V vu~ vneuh; vqPpkj [ksMks[ksMh fuuknr tkvhy v’kk ohjxtZusus
dsyk R;k osGh rs ^ewBHkj ekFksfQ: gksrs* ekFksfQ: ‘kgk.ki.kk R;kal ns’kHkj glr vu~ frjLdkjhr vu~
rjhgh Hkhr fQjr gksrk- vkt R;k ewBHkj ekFksfQ:aph ‘kiFk gh vqH;k jk”Vªkps czhn >kys vkgs! [kksY;karwu]
njharwu vkf.k jkukarwu R;k ewBHkjkauh iw.kZ Lokra«;kph (Absolute Political Independence) th ‘kiFk ?ksryh
rhp vkt vqHkh jk”Vªh; lHkk ?ksr vkgs! vusd ekFksfQ: ewBHkjkaphp ekFkh fBdk.kkoj gksrh rj!!
fvaxztkal ts ts vuqdwy rsp gVdwu djko;kps vu~ rsgh fvaxztkafo:/n vki.k vqi;ksftr vlysys vsd Qkj
‘kgk.ki.kkps vn~Hkwr lk/ku v’kk Hkkoussus vu~ MkSykus xktkoktk d:u! & v’kk cqf/nHkzekP;k rMk[;kr
jk”Vªh; lHkk xolyh vlrk Økafrdkjd Eg.kts frps dÍj ‘k=w >kysys vlr- Økafrdkjdkaps dk;&ykBh
/kj.ks gsgh ftFks iki vkf.k fgalk Bjrs frFks fiLrwy /kj.kkÚ;kl jk{klkgwugh jk{kl letys tk.kkjp- xksihukFk
lgkps ns’kca/kw nklkauh ukao dk<rkp jk”Vªh; lHksrhy fdR;sd izfrf”Br Hkkxqckvhal dso<k uSfrd /kôk clyk
gs foJqrp vkgs- ef’kuxUl vkf.k ckWacpk ikvwl ikM.kkjh foekus ckGx.kkÚ;k xOguZjka’kh vkf.k xOguZj
tujy’kh gLrkanksyu dj.;kl R;kaP;k uqlR;k ladsrklj’kh eqacvh fleY;kl /kkor tk.;kl ák vfgalsyk
foVkG okVsuk] i.k vsd xatysys fiLrqy ckGx.kkÚ;k xksihukFkkP;k gkrkl rj jkgksp i.k gsrwlgh f’ko.ks
ákauk iki okVw ykxys! dkj.k &dkj.k&dkj.k% Hkkjrh; naMfo/kkukarhy 121] 121v fvR;knh dyes vsdiV
vijk/k okVs] rj ák vfgalsP;k cqj[;k[kkyh okojr vlysY;kauh rs uko dk<.ks nliV vijk/k Eg.kwu Bjowu
Vkdys- xksihukFkklkj[ksp fiLrwy /kj.kkjk vcnqy j‘khn ek= ;kapk ^Hkkvh vcnqy*! dkj.k R;kus vsdk fganw
laU;k’kkl ekjys- R;kr R;kauk R;kph eksiY;kalkj[khp ^cgknqjdh* fnlyh! i.k xksihukFk\ rks vsd ;%df‹pr
fganw! R;kus ekjys fvaxztkyk! R;kr uk ^cgknqjh* u R;kr gsrwps ikfo«; u ns’kHk‰h u /keZHk‰h ! rks dlyk
ns’kHk‰! ^Hkkvh* fvaxztkauk rks vkoMr ukgh& vkEgkykgh vkoM.kkj ukgh! ijarq vlY;k nq/k[kqG;k
vkReoapuspk eæklP;k jk”Vªh; lHksus f/kôkj dsyk- R;kauh izkekf.kd vkf.k jktuhfrK ns’kHk‰kal ‘kksHksy v’kk
Hkk”ksr dkdksjhP;k ØkafrdkjdkaP;k gkSrkRE;kps —rK Lej.k dsys- R;kpizek.ks pksjh dj.;kfo:/n vl.kkÚ;k
naMfo/kkukrhy dyekfo:/n lR;kxzg d: ikg.ks gs ftrds iki frrdkp ‘kL=/kkj.kkfo:/n vl.kkÚ;k
fvaxzth fuCkZ/kkl rksM.kkjk lR;kxzggh vuSfrd vkgs- ‘kL= vkf.k lR;kxzg gs nksu ‘kCn vsd= jkgwp ‘kdr
ukghr v’kk eBkKkal Hkhd u ?kkyrk ‘kL=kxzg dj.kkÚ;k lsukirh vkokjhl ^lsukirh* vlsp lacks/kwu
eæklP;k jk”Vªh; lHksus R;kaP;k ;krukafo”k;h vqRdV lgkuqHkwrh iznf’kZr dsyh vkf.k R;kgwu fo’ks”k gs dh]
^izR;sd lR;kxzákus ukxiwjgwu ik;h dydŸ;kl pkyr tkos vkf.k Ogkfvljk;kaP;k caxY;ki;Zar&iksfylkauh
tkvw fnY;kl & tkvwu ^’kL=s /k: |k!* Eg.kwu vksjMkos vkf.k idMwu tkvwu rq:axkr iMkos-* vlk
fof{kIr Le`rhrhy dks.kR;kgh ea=kpk] lsukirh vkokjhaP;k vuq;k;kal jk”Vªh; lHksus vgsj dsyk ukgh!
^fganqLFkkuP;k iw.kZ Lokra«;kFkZ iz;Ru dj.kkÚ;k Jh- ldykrokykaP;k lkglkpsgh eækl jk”Vªh; lHksus vfHkuanu
dsys vkgs!*
v’kk vsdkgwu vsd ljl Bjkokal izpaM cgqerkus laer d:u eæklP;k jk”Vªh; lHksus ?kksf”kr dsys
vkgs dh] Hkkjrh; jktdkj.kkl e/;arjh ykxysys vfoosd jkgwps xzg.k lqVys vkgs( jk”Vªh; o`Ÿkh iqUgk
ohjo`ŸkhdMs >qdyh vkgs- lqrkus LojkT; ?ksÅ ikg.kkÚ;k efrHkzekph 1920 rs 1927 i;Zarph lkMslkrh
laiyh vkgs- jk”Vªh; lHksP;k tksMhlp HkjysY;k izktd ifj”knsus (Republican Conference) rj ^fganqLFkkups
/;s; iw.kZ Lokra«; gsp vkgs* fvrdsp ?kskf”kr dsys ukgh rj R;k Lora= fganqLFkkuph jkT;?kVuk gh izktd
Lo:ikphp jkghy vlsgh fuf‹;r d:u vkf.k fo’ks”kr% Økafrdkjd ns’kohj Jheku jktw ák ^caM[kksjkP;k*
ns’kHk‰hpsns[khy vfHkuanu d:u fganqLFkkuP;k ohjo`Ÿkhyk ykxysyh gh HkksaxG lqrh vfgalsph dhM ek:u
Vkdyh xsyh vkgs vls Li”V /ofur dsys( eæklyk teysY;k uO;k nekP;k ns’kHk‰kauh fvaxztkal udks rsp
dj.;kpk vqiØe d:u fuukfnr dsys dh] ^ns nku!lqVs fxÚgk.k!!*
Hkkjrh; jk”Vªh; lHksP;k izn’kZukr ^;qfu;u tWd* QMdkoysys ikgwu eæklHkj lHkk vkf.k fojks/k lq:
>kyk- vFkkZrp gk fvaxzth /ot ^Lora=* HkkjrkP;k ^Lora=* izn’kZukrwu dk<yk tkvwu frFks Hkkjrh; /ot
vqHkkjyk xsyk- fpa/;kaP;k fo”k;h dk gksvhuk i.k ^;qfu;u tWd’kh* HkkaM.k djkosls okVw ykxys ;k yksdkauk!!
^ns nku lqVs fxÚgk.k!*
;kp ^;qfu;u tWd* P;k Nk;s[kkyh vR;ar eeRokus vkf.k vfHkekukusGod Save the King Eg.kwu
eu%iwoZd Eg.krkuk xka/khthauk ikfgtsp vkgs! ^vkeps fczfV’k lkezkT;* Eg.kwu ‘ksdMks yksd Eg.kr vkf.k R;k
fczfV’k jk”Vªxhrkl dks.kh r:.kkus ukds eqjMyh rj vusd ukoktysys iq<kjh Eg.kr] ^ vjs vjs!
ukfo".kq%i`fFkohifr%!* R;kp ;qfu;u tWdpk eæklsl gk lUeku >kyk!! ns nku] lqVs fxÚgk.k!!
Lokra«;kP;k Bjkokoj cksyrk cksyrk Jh;qr v;axkj Eg.kkys] ^fvaxztkauk vkrk lkQ lkaxk dh]
Hkkjrkl rqEgh udks vkgkr!*
;koj N˜hi.kkus MkW- iÍkHkkvh e/ksp Eg.kkys ^lkaxk dk;\ R;kal ek:u [kkyh ikMk!* v;axkj
‘kkari.ks glwu Eg.kkys] ^tsOgk iÍkHkkvh fvaxztkauk ek:u [kkyh ikM.;kl fu?krhy rsOgk eh R;kal lkgk¸;
nsvhu!*
okLrfod ikgrk v’kk HkYkR;kp xks”Vh gl.;kokjh us.ks Bhd ukgh- i.k ^lqrkus LojkT; feGrs!
pj[;kus /kS;Z ;srs&uOgs vk/;kfRed ikfo«; laiknys tkrs( nxMh iqrG;kl eksM.ks fgalk gksrs i.k fp[ky
ekj.ks fgalk gksr ukgh! n;sus fvaxzt æorkr! rs Lor%p lkezkT; lksMwu ijr tkrhy! Eg.kwu R;kaP;k ØkS;kZl
n;sph ^vks ;koh fvrds iksV Hkj.;klkBh rqEgh fuewVi.ks ejk( uqlrs ejr ejr ejk! ghp ‘kkS;kZph ijdk”Bk
gks;]* fvR;knh izfrikn.kkÚ;k R;k lkMslkrhP;k HkjelkV gkl.;kis{kk gs ;k o”kkZps cak/ks&lwr gl.ks dkgh
fujkGsp gks; ;kr ‘kadk ukgh-
vu~ gs gl.ks fujkGsp vkgs vls ikgwu ‘kkSdrvYyhgh dkgh fujkGsp cksyw ykxkos gs lkgftdp
gksrs- rs Eg.kkys] ^eh 1920 O;k o”khZ Lokra«;oknhp gksrks- i.k egkRek xka/khaP;k fHkMslkBh Qkjlk tksj djhr
uOgrks- i.k tj egkRek xka/kh usgeh ‘kkarrsP;k xks”Vh cksyr jkgrhy rj eh R;kph laxrh lksMwu nsvhu!*
;k o”khZgh egkRekth Lokra«;kP;k Bjkokpk fojks/k djhr gksrs vkf.k ‘ksoVhns[khy dj.kkj gksrs- i.k
vqHkh jk”Vªh; lHkk uoLQwrhZ ikoysyh! rh vkrk dlps vSdrs vls ikgwu vktkjhi.kkeqGs O;klihBkoj
fojks/kkyk rs ;svw ‘kdys ukghr-
 czáns'kkl Hkkjrkiklwu fofPN™k d: u;s Eg.kwu vkeP;k czáh ca/kwauhp tks izLrko dsyk rksgh jk”Vªh;
lHksus laer dsyk- vu~ czáns’k vkf.k Hkkjr ;kaP;k vsdthoh eS=hpk ik;k iôk dsyk- cfg”dkj ák ‘kCnkyk
}s”kkpk okl ;srks dh izhrhpk] ;kph fpfdRlk djhr u clrk fvaxzth ekykoj lHksus cfg”dkjgh iqdkjyk-
xsY;k lkr&lkMslkr o”kkZP;k vfoosdkP;k opZLokl jk”Vªh; lHksus vls iq”dG va’kh iknkØkar d:u
vkiyh lqVdk d:u ?ksryh- rh lkMslkrh lair vkyh’kh fnlyh- pj[kk vkiY;kl ;ksX; R;k dksiÚ;kr
tkvwu clyk- vfgalk] n;k] ouLiR;kgkj] xkvhps nw/k fi.ks gh fgalk dk ‘ksGhps fi.ks gh\ fvR;knh
okXtkykaph tkGh >kMwu dk<wu jk”Vªh; lHksps dk;kZy; lkQlwQ dj.;kr vkys- vfoosdkP;k xzg.kkrwu
Hkkjrh; jktdkj.k toG toG lqVr vkys-
jk”Vªh; lHkk cksy.kh Bhd cksyyh- i.k vkrk r’kh dj.kh djrk vkyh ikfgts- [kjh ijh{kk rh vkgs-
okpk’kwjrsP;k lHkkiohZ; izfrKkaps vfHku; Bhd >kys] i.k vtwu vq|ksx&iokZfnd fØ;k’kwjrsph iosZ iq<sp
vkgsr!
19&1&1928
9- vR;kpkj ‘kCnkpk vFkZ
Resistance to aggression is not only justifiable but imperative : Non-resistance hurts both
altruism and egoism.

- Herbert Spenser’s ‘Ethics’

xsY;k lkr&vkB o”kkZar vFkZfoghu voMacjkpk /kqMxwl jktdkj.kkr T;k ngk&ikp ‘kCnkauh ?kkywu yksdkaP;k
lE;d í”Vhl vxnh lkQ pdowu Vkdys R;kr gk vR;kpkj fdaok Violence ‘kCn eq[;Rosd:u x.kyk
xsyk ikfgts- vtwugh ák ‘kCnkP;k okLrfod vFkkZfo”k;h fpfdRlk dks.khgh djhr ulY;keqGs R;kpk
nq:i;ksx gksr vkgs- vu~ R;keqGs jk”Vªkph jktdh; eukso`Ÿkh va/k gksvwu fnolkyk jk= vkf.k jk=hyk fnol
letr inksinh BspkGr pkyysyh vkgs-
vR;kpkj ák ‘kCnkpk vqPpkj djrkp rks okvhV vkf.k nw”k.kh; orZukpk fun’kZd ‘kCn vkgs gs
R;kP;k /kkRoFkkZo:up izrhr gksrs- udks fvrdk] gkuh gksvhy fvrdk] fdaok v;ksX; fvrdk vfrjsdh
vkpkj Eg.kts vR;kpkj gk vFkZ R;k ‘kCnkP;k vqPpkjklj’khp eukr vqn; ikorks- vFkkZrp vs[kk|k —R;kl
vR;kpkjh gs fo’ks”k.k ykoys tkrkp rs —R; xáZ vkgs] fua| fdaok R;kT; vlysp ikfgts v’kh vqitr
Hkkouk vqRi™k gksrs- rhp fLFkfr Violence ‘kCnkph vkgs- nqLkÚ;kyk fu”dkj.k nq%[k fdaok vk?kkr gksvhy
v’kk vfrjsdh cykRdkjkP;k orZukyk gk ‘kCn ykohr vkysyk vlY;keqGs R;k ‘kCnkP;k vqPPkkjklj’kh
dks.kR;kgh ln~o`Ÿk euq”;kl ák ‘kCnk’kh laca/k vlysY;k —R;kaph ?k`.kk rRdkG vqRi™k Ogkoh gs lkgftdp
vkgs- ák nksUgh ‘kCnkar cGkpk fdaok ‘k‰hpk ihMd vqi;ksx /ofur gksr vlrks- vR;kpkj dk; fdaok
Violencedk; gs nksUghgh ‘kCn cGkP;k] ‘k‰hP;k vqi;ksxklp /ofur djrkr- ák R;kaP;k /ouhpk [kjk
vFkZ vkf.k U;k; ek= e;kZfnr vlrks] ijarq rh e;kZnk dks.krh gh xks”V /;kukr u ?ksrk dkgh vfrjsdh
yksdkauh ‘k‰hpk vqi;ksx fdaok cGkpk iz;ksx ák ‘kCnkagwu vf/kd O;kid vFkkZpk cks/k dj.kkÚ;k ‘kCnkalp
rs vR;kpkj fdaok Violence gs izfr’kCn ;kst.;kl fganh jktdkj.kkr vfgalsps FkksrkaM ?kqlMwu nsrkuk vkjaHk
dsY;keqGs vkt R;k ‘kCnkauh vqH;k jktdkj.kkpk jk”Vª?kkrd foi;kZl fnolk<oG;k pkyfoysyk vkgs-
Violence fdaok vR;kpkj ák ‘kCnkarhy vFkkZps ewG vf/k”Bku ‘k‰h fdaok cG gs vlY;kus]
‘k‰hpk fdaok cGkpk vqi;ksx T;k T;k —R;kr izeq[ki.ks dsyk tkrks] R;k R;k —R;kl ák vfrjsdh cq/nhus
Violencefdaok vR;kpkjh Eg.kwu lacksf/k.;kl izFker% vkjaHk dsyk- vFkkZrp vR;kpkj fdaok Violenceák
‘kCnak’kh ewyr%p fuxfMr vlysyh fua| vkf.k R;kT; Hkkouk R;k lacks/kuklj’kh R;k R;k —R;kfo”k;h
yksdkaP;k eukr lgt vqRi™k gksr xsyh- okvhV xks”Vh d: udk gs okD; Eg.krkp tls R;kl dks.khgh
lgt laerh nsvwu Vkdrks] dkj.k okvhV EgVys dh rs fua| vl.kkjp gh vFkkZph lkaxM R;k ‘kCnk’kh
ewGphp tqGysyh vlrs- r}rp vki.k vR;kpkj d: u;sr] vki.k vuR;kpkjh vlkos gs okD; vqPpkjys
tkrkp R;kl laerh ns.ks gs vkiys drZO; vkgsp vkgs vls izR;sdkl vkf.k fo’ks”kr% lkekU; leqnk;kl
iVdu okVw ykxrs- jk”Vªh; lHksP;k vf/kos’kukr vkEgh Non- Violent p jkgw Eg.kts vR;kpkj dj.kkj ukgh
gh ‘kiFk R;kp R;k ‘kCnkaP;k lgt /ouhps izR;sdkus fcucksHkkV ?ksryh- rhl gjdr dj.ks Eg.kts eh
vR;kpkj djhu vls Eg.k.;klkj[ksp gks.kkjs vlY;kus vkf.k vR;kpkj gk vtwugh fua|p vlY;kus dq.khgh
rls Eg.k.;kl lkgftdp fl/n >kyk ukgh- eh okvhV djhu gs tls dq.kh Eg.kr ukgh] rlsp eh vR;kpkj
djhu vls dq.khgh lRizo`Ÿk euq”; Eg.kr ukgh- ijarq ák lRizo`ŸkhP;k <kys[kkyh yiwu vfgalsP;k FkksrkaMkus ts
ts deZ ‘k‰hP;k fadaok cGkP;k iz;ksxkus djkos ykxrs] rks rks vR;kpkj gks; vlk xoxok dj.;kl tsOgk
vkjaHk dsyk] rsOgk lgt yksdkapkgh udGr cqf/nHkza’k gksvwu rsgh ‘k‰hP;k iz;ksxklp ^vR;kpkj
cGiz;ksxkoj voyacwu vlrks* fvrD;k xedko:up tks tks cGiz;ksx rks rks vR;kpkj vlrksp vlk
foi;ZLr vkf.k vfrO;kIr let loZ= QSykowu R;keqGs jktdkj.kkr vfgalk] vuR;kpkj] Non- Violence
ák ‘kCnkauh eksBk ?kksVkGk vqMowu fnyk- ;qxkuq;qxs th th —R;s iz’kLr Eg.kwu] fvrdsp uOgs rj iz’kaluh;
Eg.kwu txke/;s ok[kk.kyh gksrh] rh rh ln~xq.kkaP;k fVi.khrwu fu?kwu vsdkvsdh nqxqZ.k Eg.kwu fua| letyh
tkvw ykxyh- ‘kkS;Z] {kk=rst] >qatkji.kk] j.kuSiq.;] ‘kL=uSiq.;] fr[kVi.kk] nq”Vkapk daM ‘kefo.kkjk ijkØe
gh loZ cGkP;k iz;ksxkoj voyacwu vlrkr Eg.kwu vR;kpkjkP;k O;k[;sr dkascyh tkvw ykxyh] nqxqZ.k
Eg.kwu f/kôkjyh tkvw ykxyh- ts ts deZ ‘kf‰iz;ksxkRed vlrs- rs rs vR;kpkj gks; v’kh th vfrjsdh
cq/nhph O;k[;k jk”Vªkus va/ki.kkus Lohdkjyh frpk gk lkgftd ifj.kke gksrk- ‘ksoVh fvrD;koj xks”V vkyh
dh] nxMh iqrG;kPkk ik; gkrksM;kus rksM.ks ghgh fgalk gksvw ykxyh vu~ gkrkr ykBh /kj.ks gs vR;kpkj
izo.k vkf.k Eg.kwup vuR;kpkjkyk folaxr vls deZ Bjys- rks gkrksMk ekj.;kps fdaok rh ykBh /kj.;kps
vR;kpkjh —R; T;keqGs ‘kD; gksrs] rks gkrp izR;sd vuR;kpkÚ;kus rksMwu Vkdyk ikfgts fvrdh vkKk
lqV.;kps dk; rs ckdh vqjys gksrs!
euq";kP;k HkkoHkkouk ‘kCnkFkkZa’kh fuxfMr >kysY;k vlY;kus ‘kCnksPpkjkcjkscj rh rh Hkkouk]
cq/nhyk fopkj dj.;kl osG feG.;kP;k vk/khp rRdkG R;kP;k eukr vqBu R;kP;k —rhl ?ks:u Vkdrs-
vs[kknk uohu euq”; vkr ;srkp tj dks.kh vki.kkl gGwp EgVys] iôk ikth vkgs rks] rj rRdkG
ikthi.kkP;k Hkkous’kh fuxfMr >kysYkk frjLdkj vkiY;k eukr vq˜owu R;k euq”;kph ikj[k dj.;kP;k
vk/khp vkiys eu fdafpr rjh dyqf”kr d:u Bsorks- ‘kCnkaP;k ;Fkkor iz;ksxkps gs egŸo izn’kZfo.;klkBh
osnkae/;s vkf.k iqjk.kkar Loj pqdysY;k vFkkZpk vuFkZ gksvwu nsokapk dso<k ?kkr >kyk R;k izdj.kkP;k dFkk
of.kZysY;k vkgsr- r’khp fLFkrh ;k vR;kpkjkP;k ‘kCnkps vkf.k vFkkZps Loj pqdwu vkiY;k jk”Vªkph xsY;k
lkr&vkB o”kkZar >kysyh gksrh- vR;kpkj okvhV deZ vkgs] rks cGiz;ksxkRedp vlrks vFkkZr
cGiz;ksxkRed deZ rs rs okvhV v’kh gsRokHkklkph fopkjlj.kh udGr jk”Vªkpk cqf/nHkza’k djrh >kY;keqGs]
dekZdekZP;k fofu.kZ;kapk dso<k ?kksVkGk vqMkyk! ts ts cGiz;ksxkRed deZ rs rs vR;kpkj Eg.kwu letys
tkvw ykxys- njoMs[kksj dqÚgkM ?ksvwu ?kjkr f’kjys gs cGiz;ksxkRed deZgh vR;kpkj vkf.k R;kl la/kh
lk/kwu lqjh Hkksldwu fu ?kk;kG d:u vkiY;k fujijk/k eqykckGkaps j{k.k dj.kkjs Lor%ps —rgh
cGiz;ksxkRedp vlY;kus rksgh vR;kpkjkp! jko.kkus lhrk cykRdkjkus usyh gkgh vR;kpkj vkf.k jkekus
cyiz;ksxkus R;kph nkgh f’kjs NkVyh gkgh vR;kpkjp! Ekqlyekukauh dksgVyk vkiY;k cgqla[;RokP;k
cGkoj fganwaph f’kjs NkVyh] tkGhr iksGhr jk{klh f/kaxk.kk ?kkryk gkgh vR;kpkj! rjhgh rsFkhy FkksM;k
fganwauh vkiY;k LoRoj{k.kklkBh canqdk >kMwu R;k eqlyekuh xqaMkauk ‘kwji.kkus rksaM fnys rksgh vR;kpkjp!
fvVkyhyk] vesfjdsyk] vk;yZaMyk ts izcG ijns’kkh; ‘k=w iknkØkar d:u R;kaps Lokra«; cykRdkjkus gj.k
djrs >kys- rsgh vR;kpkjhp vkf.k R;k ij’k=waP;k cs;ksfuVh vkiY;k ekr`HkwehP;k Nkrhr ?kqlr vlysY;k
ikgwu T;k ohjiqaxokauh R;k cs;ksfuVh /kj.kkjs enka/k gkr vkiys Nifoysys [kathj [kqilwu NkVwu dk<ys rks
xkfjckYMh] okf’kaXVu vkf.k vsesV] vu~ OgWysjk gsgh vR;kpkjhp! futysY;k eqykP;k daBkl R;kP;k
vaxkojhy nkfxU;kalkBh u[k nsvwu ekj.kkjk u`’kal gR;kjhgh vR;kpkjh vu~ R;k gR;kjkl Qk’khph f’k{kk
ns.kkjk U;k;k/kh’kgh vR;kpkjhp! frrdkp —“.kgh ikih dh ftrdk dal! frrdkp Hkhegh ikih dh ftrdk
R;kP;k lq’khy jk.khl न न d: ikg.kkjk nq%’kklu!! dkj.k dh nks?kkaphgh desZ cGiz;ksxkRedp gksrh vu~
tks tks cGiz;ksx rks rks vR;kpkj] rks rks Violence Eg.kwu dkgh HkkcM;k c`gLirhauh vuR;kpkjkoj Hkk”;
dsysys gksrs- lki Mlrks Eg.kwu vR;kpkjh vkf.k euq”; R;kl ekjrks Eg.kwu vR;kpkjh! R;krgh liZ lgt
Mlrks fu euq”; tk.kwucqtwu R;kl ekjrks Eg.kwu likZgwu euq”;p vf/kd vR;kpkjh] vf/kd ikih vf/kd fua|
gks;!! v’kk Fkjkoj xks”V vkyh! ts ohjiq:”k jk”VªklkBh l’kL= laxjkr >qatr esys] R;kal ikih let.;kr
;svw ykxys- izrki vkf.k f’kokth ákauk vR;kpkjh Eg.kwu fuafnrkuk dejsph iksds fu?kkysyh] ‘ksGiV gkr
yksac.kkjh vkf.k [kknhP;k VksI;k ?kkrysyh eqnkZM eqys ekxksZekxhZ vk<Gw ykxyh( vu~ loZ txr e’khuxUlP;k
p<kvks<hr pwj vlrk ‘kL= uqlra /k: ikg.ks gkgh vR;kpkjp vkgs] rqEgh ykBhns[khy /k: udk Eg.kwu
vqinsf’k.kkjs eqnkZM egari.k ykBh ikgrkp eGeGw ykx.kkÚ;k R;k eqnkZM eqykaP;k fcud.;kP;k ikBh xkSjokus
FkksiVw ykxys! jk"Vªkr uqdrsp iqUgk vqn; ikow ykxysys {kk=rst u”V >kys- R;k {kk=rstkP;k vqn;kus Hkhrh
ikoysys jk”Vª’k=w iqUgk izcG fnlw ykxys-
ák YkTtkLin fLFkrhpk T;k dkgh yksdkal frVdkjk okVs] rs gGwgGw frpk fu”ks/k d: fu?kkys- i.k
vk‹kz;kZph xks”V gh dh] R;kalns[khy R;kaP;k fu”ks/kkps l;qf‰d leFkZu dj.ks ák vR;kpkjkP;k O;k[;sr rs
Lor%p QlY;keqGs v’kD; >kys- fdR;sd Økafrdkjd vuR;kpkjkP;k ;k xk<oi.kkP;k xksa/kGkl =klwu
Lor%p Eg.kw ykxys] vkEgh vR;kpkjp dj.kkj] vkEgh Viodence Pk dj.kkj] ijarq vkEgh okvhVp
okx.kkj] vkEgh vU;k;p dj.kkj vls dks.kh =klwu Eg.kkyk] rjh R;kps R;klp tls R;k okD;kps uhV
leFkZu djrk ;sr ukgh r’khp R;kaph fLFkrh >kyh- xsY;k jk”VªlHksr eæklsl v/;{kkalq/nk fdR;sdkauh EgVys
dh] vkEgh vkt vuR;kpkjh(Non-Violent) vlyks rjh vq|k rlsp jkgw v’kh geh ?ksvw nsvw ‘dr ukgh-
ijarq R;kpk vFkZ vkEgh osG iMyh rj vq|k vR;kpkjh gksvw Violent gksvw vlk fu?kr vlY;kus vkf.k
vR;kpkj ;k ‘kCnkrwu vqPpkjrkp R;kpk ewGpk fua| vFkZ rRdkG /ofur gksr vlY;kus] R;kaph rh okD;s
R;kaP;k vkf.k fvrjkaP;k eukl vkEgh vkrk vU;k;gh dj.kkj] vkEgh ikip dj.kkj] v’kk =kX;klkj[kh]
Lor%ph Lor%ykp d’kh’khp vkf.k vleFkZuh; ykxrkr- th xks”V rs leFkZu d: ikgrkr rh xks”V vqŸke
vlrkgh fryk O;‰ dj.;klkBh gk Hkyrkp श द उपयोिजला गे यामुळे तीह भलतीशीच okVw ykxrs
vkf.k T;k cGiz;ksxkRed dekZps rs leFkZu d: ikgrkr rsp R;k leFkZd okD;kauhp fu”ks/kkgZ Bjrs-
;k lxG;k ?kksVkG;kps dkj.k Eg.kts vR;kpkj fdaok Violence ák ‘kCnkaph pqdysyh O;k[;kp
[kjh Eg.kwu vtwugh vqjk’kh ckGxyh tkr vkgs gs gks;- vR;kpkj gs cGiz;ksxkRed deZ vkgs gh xks”V [kjh
vkgs - ijarq Eg.kwu cGiz;ksxkRed deZ rs rs vR;kpkj vlrsp vlk foi;kZl ek= fl/n gksr ukgh-
vR;kpkj gk cGiz;ksxkRed th vusd cjhokvhV desZ vkgsr R;kaiSdh vsd deZ gks;- vkxykO;k gkgh vkx
isVforks vkf.k lSikdhgh vkx isVforks( Eg.kwu lSikdh gk vkxykO;k gksr ukgh( R;kizek.ks Lons’kLokra«;kFkZ
U;k¸; lejkr ‘kL= /kkj.k dj.kkjk ns’kohj yksdihMd enka/k ryokjhl dkMdu eksMwu Vkdwu R;kps f’kj
vkiY;k ryokjhus NkV.kkjk vkf.k R;klkBh Qk’khoj yVd.kkjk gqrkRek fdaok vkiY;k nsoky;kps] ?kjnkjkps]
Lotukaps vU;k¸; xaqMfxjhiklwu l’kL= lja{k.k dj.kkjk rstLoh iq:”k ákus dssysyk izfrdkj gsgh vsd
cGiz;ksxkRed deZp vlys rjh vR;kpkjh gksr ukgh] rj rs lnkpkjh vlrs-
cGiz;ksxkRed deZ gs nq”V gsrwus] ijihMd cq/nhus dsys rjp rs vR;kpkjh gksrs- rs deZ
lq”Vlaj{k.kkFkZ U;k¸; cq/nhus dsys rj rs lnkpkj gksrs- rsOgk cGiz;ksx fdaok ‘kf‰iz;ksx] ijihMd cGkpk
vqi;ksx rksp vR;kpkj gh vR;kpkjkph [kjh O;k[;k gks;- Violence ¼vR;kpkj½ gk usgehp fua| vkgs- i.k
force ¼cG½ dkgh usgeh fua| vlr ukgh- dkj.k Violence is aggressively used vkrrk;h cG gsp
dk; rs vR;kpkj vkf.k vkrrk;h gkp vR;kpkjh gks;!!
nqlÚ;kl vU;k¸; vqiæo ns.;klkBh T;k cGkpk vqi;ksx dsyk tkrks rs cG vR;kpkj vkgs( ijarq
R;k ijihMd cGkpk izfrjks/k dj.;klkBh ts cG vqi;ksftys tkrs] rs vR;kpkj uOgs( fvrdsp ukgh rj rks
lnkpkj gks;- dkj.k loZ lnkpkjkaph dlksVh th yksdfgro/kZdrk rh R;k dekZl rarksrar vkf.k vkR;afrdrsus
ykxw ‘kdrs- vk?kkrd ‘k‰h gh vR;kpkj( i.k izR;k?kkrd ‘k‰h gh lnkpkj gks;- ts ijihMd [kM~x /kkj.k
d:u dal nsodhP;k canhx`gkrhy lwfrdkxkjkr f’kjyk rs [kM~x vR;kpkjh gks; ijarq R;k iztkihMd
vkrrk;hP;k gkrwu vf[ky eFkqjsph eq‰rk dj.;klkBh ts [kM~x ?ksvwu R;k xksdqGpk rks fo‹ooa| txtsBh
jaxlHksr ?kqlyk vkf.k R;k dalkl flagkluko:u vks<wu R;kpk f’kjPNsn djrk >kyk rs [kM~x lnkpkjh gks;-
nksUghgh [kM~xsp] nksUghgh ‘kL=sp] nks?kkaph desZgh cGiz;ksxkRedp] i.k vsdk [kM~xkus yksdihMsph ijeko/kh
dsyh Eg.kwu rs ikih] vR;kpkjh vkf.k naM; Bjys- nqlÚ;kus R;k yksdihMd ujk/keRokP;k dSphrwu fu”iki
vkf.k fujijk/k tursph eq‰hp dsyh Eg.kwu rs nqljs [kM~x yksdeaxydkjd vkf.k Eg.kwup lnkpkjh vkf.k
Eg.kwup iwtuh; Bjys-
ukghrj vR;kpkjkP;k vktP;k foi;ZLr dYiusizek.ks nksUgh [kM~xsgh cyiz;ksxhp vlY;keqGs rh
nksUghgh vR;kpkjhp Bjyh tkrkr- yksdfgrdkjd deZgh vR;kpkjh v’kh Hk;adj vuoLFkk vqRi™k gksvwu
yksdkal ákiSdh vsd iwtuh; dka vkf.k nqljs naMuh; dka gs Lor%ykgh letwu lkaxrk ;svhukls gksrs- ijarq
vU;k¸; vkØe.k dj.;kph ‘k‰h ghp rso<h vR;kpkjh vlwu U;k¸; izfrjks/k dj.kkjh ‘k‰h gh lnkpkjh
vlrs] gh R;k ‘kCnkaph O;k[;k Li”Vi.ks /;kukr /kjyh rj fopkjfoHkze ukghlk gksrks- pksj] njoMs[kksj] [kquh
gs tsOgk l’kL= cykRdkj d:u fujijk/;kapk NG djrkr vkf.k vukFkkapk izk.k ?ksrkr rsOgk rs deZ u`’kald
vlY;kus rs cG vkØed] vk?kkrd] vqiæoh vlY;kus That force being aggressively used
becomesViolence rs cG vR;kpkj gksrs- ijarq R;k njoMs[kksjkl ‘kklu dj.;klkBh tsOgk ?kjpk /kuh
vkiYkk [kathj osG izlax ikgwu R;k l’kL= njMs[kksjkl vqjkr Hkksldwu cGiwoZad izR;k?kkr djrks fdaok tsOgk
U;k;k/kh’k R;k izk.k?kkrd gR;kÚ;kl Qk’kh nsvwu R;kl cGiwoZd izk.knaM nsrks] rsOgk rs cG] rs deZ] rks
l’kL= izfrdkj vR;kpkj ulwu lnkpkjp vlrks-
Eg.kwup /keZ’kkL=kps izFke izorZd euqegkjkt Eg.krkr dh]
vkrrkf;uek;kUra gU;knsokfopkj;u~A
ukrrkf;o/ks nks”ks gUrqHkZofr d‹pu A
izdk’ka okizdk’ka ok eU;qLrUeU;qe`PNfr AA
vkrrk;h gk vR;kpkjh- R;kyk xqIri.ks ok izdVi.ks] vkOgkuwu ok Nkik ?kkywu ekj.kkj gk
vR;kpkjh ulwu lnkpkjh gks;- uScZaf/kdí”V;kgh izR;sd lektkrhy yksdkal fucZa/k’kkL=kP;k ¼dk;|kP;k
‘kkL=kP;k½ tqU;karhy tqU;k iqLrdkiklwu rks vktP;k fvaxzth jktoVhrhy Hkkjrh; naMfo/kkuki;Zar (Indian
Penal Code) Loijj{k.kkFkZ vqik;ksftysys cG Self-defence P;k oxkZr ?kkrysys vlwu] rs vR;kpkjh
fdaok Violent Eg.kwu lacksf/kys tkr ukgh- Violence fdaok vR;kpkj gk fucZa/kí”V;k naMuh; vkgs- i.k
Self-defence Loijlaj{k.kkFkZ vqi;ksftysys ‘kL= fdaok Legitimate force ‘k‰h gs U;k¸; vkf.k uScZaf/kd
cG ;kp oxkZr eksMys tkrs- rks vR;kpkj ulwu uScZaf/kdí”V;k gk lnkpkjp letyk tkrks-
rhp xks”V jktdkj.kkph vkgs- fvVyh ns’kkoj R;k ns’kkP;k fvPNsfo:/n vkf.k fgrkfo:/n
vkWfLVª;kus dsoG cs;ksusVkP;k tksjkoj ts jkT; dsys rks vR;kpkjp gks;( rks vkrrk;hi.kkp gks;- ijarq
Lons’kLokra«;kFkZ X;kfjckWYMh] ØWLih] eWf>uh fvR;knh Økafrdkjdkauh izfr;ksftysys ‘kL=cG gs lnkpkj gksrs-
ákLrop fganqLFkkukr 1857 e/;s >kysys izpaM Økafr;q/n gkgh ák dkj.kklkBhp vR;kpkj gksvw ‘kdr ukgh-
ák fooj.kkpk vk’k; ák fdaok R;k ns’kkr vktp dks.kh l’kL= Økarh dsyhp ikfgts vlk dk<.ks
gh pwd gksvhy- dkj.k l’kL= Økarh ák fdaok R;k ns’kkus vkt fdaok d/khgh djkoh fdaok ukgh gk dkgh
;k ys[kkpk fo”k; ukgh- R;k l’kL= Økarhps leFkZu fdaok fu”ks/k dj.;kph dkj.ks gh R;k R;k ns’kkP;k
fLFkrhuq:Ik fujkGh vkgsr- ijarq vkt l’kL= Økarh ‘kD; ukgh fdaok fv”Vgh ukgh] vls T;kal okVrs
R;kalgh rh Økarh l’kL= vkgs vso<;klkBh vR;kpkjh vlyhp ikfgts] vls Eg.krk ;ko;kps ukgh]
fvrdsp dk; rs ;k ys[kkus izfrikfnr gksvw ‘kdrs- rsOgk vR;kpkj vkf.k lnkpkj ;kaph oj foof.kZr
dsysyh lR; O;k[;k vki.k usgeh /;kukr /kjyh Eg.kts vkti;Zar >kysyh vfrjsdh Hkwy vkiY;k gkrwu
d/khgh ?kM.kkj ukgh-
9&2&1928
 10- Lora= Hkkjrkpk lezkV dks.k\
^gSækckn* ;k eFkG;k[kkyh xka/khthauh 13 vkWDVkscj 1940 P;k ^gfjtu* e/;s vsd ys[k fyfgyk
vkgs [kÚ;k vFkok dfYir v’kk dks.kk vsdk i`PNdkyk ^fczfV’k ljdkjus vkiY;kdMs ?ksrysY;k oÚgkM]
vqŸkj dkjokj oxSjs izkarkoj futkekpk vf/kdkj dk; iksprks\* ;klaca/kh vkiys fopkj xka/khthauh R;kyk
dGfoys vkgsr- oLrqr%;k ys[kkdMs fo’ks”k y{k tk.;klkj[ks R;kr dkgh ukgh- ijarq ;krhy fy[kk.kkeqGs
eqlyeku lektkyk ikfdLrku pGoGhlaca/kh th vf/kd psruk fnyh xsyh vkgs] fu R;kpk tks fgnwauk
=klnk;d ifj.kke R;k lektkoj fuf‹pri.ks gks.kkj vkgs] R;kdMs lektkps y{k os/kfo.ks vkf.k ;k [kksMlkG
fy[kk.kkpk fu”ks/k dj.ks] gs vko’;d fu ØeizkIr vkgs-
Ekqlyekukauh vf/kdrj vkRefo‹oklkus vkiyh ikfdLrkuph pGoG tksjkoj U;kph vkf.k ;ksX; R;k
{k.kh tj R;k lektkus fganqLFkkukr fvLykeh lkezkT; LFkki.;kph vqpy dsyh rj rks iz;Ru ;’kLoh
gks.;kph cgqrka’kh ‘kD;rk vkgs( vso<sp uOgs rj R;k —R;kps uSfrd fu jktdh;í”V;k vki.k leFkZup
djhr jkgw] vlk xka/khP;k ;k vqivqZfYyf[kr fy[kk.kko:u vk/khp /keZosM;k vlysY;k eqlyekuakpk í<
let gksvhy( vu~ R;k ys[kkP;k vsdanj lqjko:u rks R;kp ln~gsrwus ¼!½fyfgyk vlkok vls LoPN fnlrs-
1914 rhy vWXyks&teZu ;q/nkP;k dkGkr ;kp xka/khuh eqlyekuh iq<kÚ;kaP;k orhus
vQxkf.kLrkuP;k vehj vekuqYykyk fganqLFkkuoj Lokjh dj.;klkBh ikpkj.k dj.;kpk ?kkrdh Mko jpyk
gksrk gh xks”V Lokeh J/nkuanklkj[;k ije fo‹pluh; fu vf/kdkjh iq:”kkusp iqjkO;kfu’kh fl/n dsysyh
vkgs- vu~ ^dsljh* fu ^ejkBk* ;k i=kar vqrkÚ;kaekxwu vqrkjs nsvwu R;kph lR;rk txkyk lizek.k iVowu
fnyh vkgs-
xka/khth fu R;kaps dkWxzslh Hk‰x.k ;kauh okjaokj vls cksywu nk[kfoys dh] eqlyekukauk tj ;k
Hkkjrkph ‘kdys d:u R;karhy dkghae/;s fuHksZG eqlyekuh jkT; fuekZo;kps >kys rj R;kauk rls
dj.;kiklwu dks.kRkhgh ‘k‰h Fkkacow ‘kd.kkj ukgh ;kgh iq<s tkvwu gs dkWxzslh ns’kHk‰ ikfdLrkuP;k
;kstusyk eku rqdowu R;kyk ^fganh lŸkk* Eg.kwu ekuko;kl fl/n vkgsr-
;kp osGh vkiY;k ljlhesojhy VksGhokY;k Hkkvhacanka’kh xka/khthauh xsyh vusd o”ksZ yxV dj.;kpk
tks iz;Ru pkyfoyk vkgs] rksgh vo’; fopkjkr ?;kok ykxsy- fejkcsu] iWjhcsu] HkqykHkkvh] vklQHkkvh gs
vkf.k v’kk fvrj vusd ^rkvh* fu ^Hkkvh* xka/khps fo‹pklw odhy Eg.kwu ;k iBk.kkaph eu/kj.kh
dj.;klkBh rsFks ikBfoys tkr vlrkr- d’kklkBh] rj R;kapk ân;ikyV dj.;klkBh! ;k ^rkvh* fu gs
^Hkkvh* ;k iBk.k VksG;kacíy eksB;k lgkuqHkwrhps lkaxr vlrkr dh] ;k ^nsoHkh:* ¼fvfr xka/kh½ yksdkapk
vkfFkZd fu uSfrdí”V;k dksaMekjk >kY;keqGsp dsoG R;kauk rlys ^oS/k* ekxZ vkpjkos ykxrkr- R;kaP;k ;k
fcdV ifjfLFkrheqGsp dsoG lhekizkarkrhy fganw iq:”k fu fL=;k ;kaps Øwji.ks [kwu dj.ks] R;kauk cGkus /kekZarj
djko;kl yko.ks] R;kaph yqVekj d:u R;kauk iGfo.ks fu vlsp vusd ik’koh vR;kpkj dj.ks R;kauk Hkkx
iMrs! gs xka/khoknkps iwohZps fu vkrkps pkGs y{kkr ?ksvwu tj xka/khpk rks ^gfjtu* e/khy ys[k okpyk rj
dks.kkgh fganw okpdkyk vls fnlwu ;svhy dh] Lor% xka/kh fu R;kaps dkWaxzsloknh fganw vuq;k;h xsY;k
vWaXyks&teZu ;q/nkr [ksGysyk rksp rks vkRe?kkrdh Mko iqUgk vsdnk [ksG.;kP;k iz;Rukr vkgsr-
[kM~xkph /kkjp jkT;kP;k lhek Bjfors
fczfV’kkaP;k nMi.kk[kkyh ikfdLrkuP;k /krhZoj vs[kknh jkT;?kVuk ?kMowu R;kr fganwauk psiwu Vkd.ks]
vFkok nSoxrhus fczfV’kkauk ;k tkxfrd ;q/nkr ijkt;kpk tho ?ks.kkjk rMk[kk clwu R;kauk fganqLFkku lksMwu
tkos ykxys rj ;sFks l’kL= Økarh ektowu vkiys opZLo LFkki.ks ;kaiSdh dks.kR;k rjh vsdk ekxkZus
fganqLFkkukrhy eqlyeku fganqLFkkukoj fvLykeh lŸkk izLFkkiw ikgr vkgsr- eqlyekukauh vxksnjp izkjafHkysY;k
;k ?kkrdh ikfdLrku ;kstusyk lkgk¸; dj.;klkBh gsp xka/khoknh dsOgkgh ekxsiq<s ikg.kkj ukghr gsgh fuf‹kr
letk-
 xka/khthauk izJ fopkj.kkÚ;k R;k i`PNdkyk tj vls okVys vlsy dh] futkepk [kkylk >kysY;k
izns’kkoj vf/kdkj vkgs vlk ‘ksxkoP;k U;k;ky;kr fu.kZ; ykxyk Eg.kts yxsp fczfV’k ljdkj rs izkar
futkekP;k injkr Vkdhy] rj v’kh letwr vlysyk rks euq”; vxnhp HkkcMk vlyk ikfgts- jkT;kaP;k
lhek fu vf/kdkj [kM~xkph fr[kV /kkj fu rksQkaps Hk;kud xksGsp Bjohr vlrkr! Ikjarq ;k d’kkdMsgh y{k
u nsrk gk ew[kZi.kkpk izJ ftrD;k xaHkhji.kkus fopkjyk xsyk vlsy frrD;kp xaHkhji.kkus xka/khthgh ;koj
ppkZ djhr djhr v[ksj fu.kZ; nsrs >kys dh] ^T;k vFkhZ fvaxztkauh rs izkar vkiY;kdMs fgldkowu ?ksrys
vkgsr R;k vFkhZ R;kaojhy vf/kdkj fvaxztkadMs jkgr ukghr-*
xka/khapk Hkkjrh; fvfrgklk’kh ifjp; jVQ fvrdkp vkgs] gs lR; y{kkr ?ksrys rjh T;k izJkoj rs
ys[k fyfgrkr] R;klaca/kh R;kauk vsOk<s rjh ekghr vlys ikfgts dh] fvaxztkadMs futkekus ts gs izns’k fnys
rs fvaxztkauh foftxh”kq ejkB;kaiklwu futkekps laj{k.k djkos ;kpk ekscnyk Eg.kwu- ejkB;kauh [kM;kZyk
futkekps dacjMs toG toG eksMwu Vkdys gksrs fu R;keqGs iq.;krhy is’kO;kaP;k izos’k}kjkik’kh cafnoku
Eg.kwu vqHks jkg.;kph ikGh vkiY;k oftjkizek.ks vkiY;kojgh ;svhy gs letwup rks fvaxztkadMs laj{k.kkph
;kpuk djhr gksrk- ;kf’kok; ckdhpk izns’k fvaxztkauh vkiY;k ryokjhP;k vf/kdkjkoj ftadwu ?ksrysyk
gksrk-
xka/khaps vu`rkis{kkgh fo?kkrd v/kZLkR;
rFkkfi] [kM~xkpk fot; gk vf/kdkj Eg.kwu ekuko;klp tj xka/khth dnkfpr fl/n ulrhy] rj
R;kauh fvaxztkauk futke’kgkdMwu ftadwu fu djkjkus feGfoysys izkar lksMko;kl lkax.;kvSoth izFke
futkekykp vqins’kko;kl gos dh] rw vkiyk lkjk izns’k lksMwu pkyrk gks( R;kyk dkj.k ljGp vkgs fu
rs gs dh] eksxy lezkVkus rqyk vkiY;k vsdk izkarkpk lqHksnkj Eg.kwu useyk vlrk] rw vkiY;kp
/kU;kfo:/n l’kL= caM d:u R;kpk lkjk izkarp cGdkowu clyk vkgsl-
vu~] [kM~xkus ftadysyk vf/kdkj ekuko;kpkp ukgh vls Bjys rj futkekP;k gkrh lkaizr vlysyk
lkjk izns’k fu fczfV’kkaP;k lŸks[kkyh xsysys izkar ;k lokZapkp [kjk Lokeh Eg.kts fot;uxjps egkjkt! dkj.k
R;kapsp okMoMhy R;k jkT;kps U;k;r% /kuh gksrs fu R;kaP;koj eqlyekukaph ^d.k[kj euxVkph VksG/kkM
vkyh fu frus vkeP;k iwoZtkaiklwu gh Hkweh fgldkowu ?ksryh*
ijarq gk ^vf/kdkjk* pk izJ cktwyk lk:u xka/khth iq<s fyfgrkr] ^tj eyk dks.kh U;k;cq/nhpk
fopkj djk vls EgVys rj eh vso<sp Eg.kwu ‘kdsu dh] ^oÚgkM] vqŸkj dkjokj fu dukZVd fvR;knh
izns’kkarhy R;k R;k yksdkauk R;kaph Lor%ph fuoM djko;kl ykokoh- vso<hp U;k;cq/nh eh tk.krks-* vkrk
;k lwpusyk dks.khp vMFkGk dj.kkj ukgh- ijarq iw.kZ lR; lkax.;kpk /kksdk VkG.;klkBh dk<ysyh gh vsd
iGokV vkgs- gs ek= foljrk ;s.kkj ukgh- v’kk rÚgsP;k izdj.kkr tursph fuoM dks.krh gs Bjfo.ks ;krp
[kjh e[[kh vlrs-
xka/khthaP;k eukr [kjks[kjp tj yksd’kkgh rŸpkyk ikfBack |ko;kpk vlrk] rj R;kauh vkiyh gh
jMdFkk vFkZoV u lksMrk tursph fuoM cgqerkusp Bjfoyh ikfgts vls EgVys vlrs- ijarq xka/khthauk gs
dVw lR; ekghr vkgs dh] [kkylk izns’kkrp dk; ijarq izR;{k futkeP;k jkT;krgh fganqp cgqla[;kd
vlY;keqGs lkoZtfud eruksan.kh djfo.ks Eg.kts futkekyk vkiys laLFkku lksMwu lkjsp pacwxokGs rsFkwu
gyoko;kl lkax.;klkj[ks vkgs vu~ vFkkZrp R;keqGs ys[kkP;k nqlÚ;k Hkkxkr fo’ks”kr%eqlyeku ^Hkkvhauk*p
izl™k d:u ?ks.;kph [kViV dsyh vkgs-
Hkkjrkps lezkVin xka/khth futkekyk ns.kkj!
;k dks.kk rFkkdfFkr i`PNdkP;k izJkyk vqŸkj ns.;kojp lek/kku u ikowu xka/khthauh ;k ys[kkr
d’kkpk dkgh laca/k ulrk] vsd fujkGkp eqík vqifLFkr dsyk vkgs- fganqLFkkups HkforO; dks.kdks.kR;k
ekxkZauh Bj.;kph ‘kD;rk vkgs] ;klaca/kh cjhp’kh jkG vqMowu >kY;kuarj R;krwu R;kauh fu”iŸkh dk;
nk[kfoyh rj fganqLFkkukrhy fczfV’k lŸkk ;q/nkeqGs vqyFkwu iMyh vu~ nqlÚ;k dks.khgh vfganh tkxfrd
lŸksus fczfV’kkaps rs LFkku yxsp ?ksrys ukgh- rj fganqLFkkukr vFkkZrp varxZr vjktdrk ektsy- R;k osGh
fganqLFkkukrhy lokZar cyk<; vlysyh lŸkkp fganqLFkkuoj vkiys opZLo LFkkihy fu rh lŸkk xka/khaP;k ers
nqljh frljh dks.kh ulwu ^gSækckn* ghp vkgs! rs Eg.krkr] ^fvrj lkjs ygkuFkksj laLFkkfud v[ksjhyk ;k
futkekP;k cyk<;re lŸksyk ‘kj.k tkrhy fu futke fganqLFkkuP;k lezkVinkoj fojkteku gksvhy!*
i.k ;k osGh Lor%xka/kh vkf.k dkWaxzsl ;kaph Hkwfedk dks.krh jkghy\ xka/khthaP;k Eg.k.;kizek.ks
^fcpkjh dkWaxzsl tj vkiY;k vuR;kpkjkP;k /;s;k’kh vO;fHkpkjh jkghy rj frpk e`R;w Bjysykp vkgs-*
vu~ ;kis{kk nqljs dks.krs u’khc v’kk /;s;k’kh vsdfu”B vlysY;k laLFksP;k okV;kyk ;ko;kps!
vxnh cjkscj vkgs xka/khaps Hkfo”;! Lor%laca/kh ^eh J/nkGw ek.kwl vkgs fu J/nkGw ek.klkyk txkr
dks.krhp xks”V v’kD; ukgh* vls lkax.kkjs xka/khth Lor% dkWxzslpk Hkfo”;dkG va/kdkje; vkgs gs ekU;
djrkr! ^pkyw ifjfLFkrhpk fopkj djrk vk’kknk;h vls dkghp fnlr ukgh* gs R;kapsp vqn~xkj vkgsr-
ijarq dkWaxzslps rhursjk oktys fu v’kk izdkjph vjktdrk ns’kkr vqRi™k >kyh rjh xka/khth
Lor%LoLFk clrhy v’kkryk Hkkx eqGhp ukgh-
dkj.k rs Eg.krkr] ^ns’kkoj fczfV’kkaps fdaok dks.kkgh ijD;kps lqO;ofLFkr vlysys jkT;
pky.;kis{kk eyk ;sFks vjktdrk ektysyh vf/kd ijoMsy- letk] ;k ns’kkrhy laLFkkfudkauh futkeph
ekaMfydh iRdk:u fdaok futkekyk ljlhesojhy eqlyekuh VksG;kauh ikfBack nsvwu tj fganqLFkkukr futkeps
jkT; LFkkiu gksr vlsy] rj rlY;k vjktdrsps eh Lokxr djhu* vu~ vki.k vls dka d:] ;kps dkj.k
xka/khth nsrkr rs uhV y{kkr ?ks.;klkj[ks vkgs- ^;k ns’kkrhy lkÚ;k fganw laLFkkfudkauk ljlhesojhy
VksG;kaP;k lgk¸;kus vkiys ekaMfyd cuowu futke tj fganqLFkkupk lezkV gksr vlsy rj rs jkT; ‘kaHkj
Vôs LojkT;p vkgs] rs ^gkse:y* p gks;!*
vu~ ;k lokZP;k ‘ksoVh xka/khth fyfgrkr] ^i.k gs lkjs ¼vWadWMfedy½] rkfŸod vkgs!!*
vkSjaxtsckps jkT;
rlsp Eg.kko;kps rj vkSjaxtsc gklq/nk fganqLFkkukrp tUeyk vkf.k ok<yk- Eg.kwu R;kP;k
dkjfdnhZdMs vkiys ^LojkT;* ;k í”Vhus fganwauh ikfgys vkgs dk;\ ukgh- vqyV R;kauh frjLdkjp dsyk-
iq<hy Hkfo”;dkGkrgh dks.kR;kgh eqlyekuh tsR;kps jkT; frrD;kp frjLdkjkus f/kôkjys tkvwu f’kokthpk]
ckthjkokpk fdaok j.kftrpk uok vorkj rs jkT; /kqGhl feGoY;k[ksjht jkg.kkj ukgh-
;klkBh vkf.k vfgalkRed í”Vhusgh vkEgh xka/khauk eu%iwoZd fouarh djrks dh] ?kVuk] rdZ] O;ogkj]
ifjfLFkrh vxj nSfod ?kVuk ;kadMs y{k u nsrk R;kauh vkiY;k fiz; vfgalk/kekZykp fpdVwu jkgkos- R;kauhp
lkafxrys vkgs dh vki.k vk’kkoknh vkgksr vkf.k R;kaP;klkj[;k vk’kkoknh euq”;kyk ^v’kD;* dkgh ukgh-
ex ^vk’ks*P;k vsdk ‹oklklj’kh fganqLFkkukr dk;e Lo:ikps vfgald lkezkT; vsdnkps LFkkiu dj.;kph
^’kD;rk* R;kauh dk ?kVowu vk.kw u;s\ Hkkys] ryokj vkf.k canqdkauh u[kf’k[kkar lTt vlysY;k
futkekis{kk fganqLFkkupk vfgald ckn’kgk gks.;kl pj[;kfu’kh fl/n vl.kkjs foukssck Hkkos vki.kkl ykHkys
vkgsr gh lqnSokph xks”V gks;-
i.k ;k Js”B ekukl fouksck Hkkos gs vtwu fganwp vlY;keqGs vuf/kdkjh vkgsr gh vsd ;k ckcrhr
vfuok;Z vMp.k gks;- vu~ dks.krkgh eqlyeku fganqjkT; ekU; dj.kkj ukgh- i.k dkgh >kys rjh
vfgalkiaFkkps fganq eqlyekuh lŸksiq<s eku rqdfo.;kr vfHkekup ekurhy vkf.k vfgalsoj fo‹okl Bso.kkjk
vsdlq/nk eqlyeku vk<G.ks v’kD; vlY;kus futkekyk jkT;eqdqV p<o.;k[ksjht xka/khauk nqljk dks.krkp
ekXkZ jkfgyk ulkok-
rs dlsgh vlks- ;k ckcrhr futkekyk fe=Rokph vsd lwpuk dsY;k[ksjht vkeP;kus jkgor ukgh-
rh v’kh dh ikfdLrkuh eqlyeku vkf.k xka/khiaFkh; dkgh FkksMs fganw osMsihj ;kaP;k [kqGpV dYiukaiq<s
vkiys eLrd ueo.;kiwohZ R;kus nksunk fopkj djkok-
 iwohZ f[kykQrokY;kalg] ;kp xka/kh&vk>knkauh] vehj vekuqYyk ;kauk] rks fganh jkT;kpk vh‹ojkus
ikBfoysyk gônkj vls vlY;kus ekukos v’kh R;kaph let d:u ns.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk gksrk- i.k nSo;ksx
dkgh fujkGkp- cPPkk&fv&lkdw ;k ukaokP;k vsdk fHkLR;kP;k iksjkus R;kykp flagkluko:u vks<ys! ;k
osGh rksp xka/kh dGi ikfdLrkuh eqlyekukaP;k gkrkr gkr ?kkywu fcpkÚ;k futkekyk fganqLFkkupk jkT;eqdqV
cGdko.;kl fpFkohr vkgs- vehj vekuqYykizek.ksp futkekph xr gksvw u;s Eg.kwu vh‹ojkus R;kps j{k.k
djkos-
Lora= fganqLFkkups lezkV~ ^fgt gk;usl fn futke* uOgsr rj ^fgt eWtsLVh fn fdax vkWQ usikG*
gksr
gh xka/khok|kaph t’kh rkfŸod ppkZ >kyh rlsp rkfŸod Hkfo”;dFku vkEgk fganqLka?kVdkaukgh djrk
;svhy- dkj.k dk’ehjiklwu dU;kdqekjhi;Zar iljysys y{kkof/k fganw ^fganw rsOk<k vsd* ;k rŸokus izLQqfjr
>kys vkgsr gs fganqLka?kVd foljr ukghr- eqlyekuh laLFkkfudkauh tj vs[kkns jk”VªO;kih ;knoh ;q/n
vkjafHkys rj R;k izlaxh fganw laLFkkfudkaps j‰ esysysp jkghy vls let.;kps dkj.k ukgh- izeq[k fganw
laLFkkfudkauk gs vkrk dGwu pqdys vkgs dh] fganqRokP;k uk’kkcjkscjp vkiykgh fouk’k Bsoysykp vkgs-
fganw /kekZps fu fganwaP;k ekukps laj{k.k dj.;kdfjrk Eg.kwu vqH;k vlysY;k fganw laLFkkfudkaP;k ;k fganw
txkrhy jk[kho ‘k‰h] gs vsdofVr fganw lkeF;Z vktgh vs[kkns gSækckn fdaok HkksikG ;kauk lgt iq:u
vqj.;klkj[ks vkgs- vsdVs f’kans vsdk cktwyk fu futkekP;k lkÚ;k ‘k‰h cktwyk] vls >kys rjh vs[kk|k
uO;k vqnxhjP;k fdaok [kM;kZP;k j.kkax.kkoj vsdVs f’kansp futkekpk [kqnkZ vqMforhy- tsOgk vqnsiqjkiklwu
dksYgkiqjkikosrksps loZ fganw jkts vkf.k nf{k.ksrhy EgSlwjiklwu dksphui;Zarps vo?ks fganw ujs’k vsdcykus
eqlyekuh vkØedkaoj rqVwu iMrhy] rsOgk nf{k.k leqækiklwu rgr vqŸkjsrhy ;equsikosrks eqlyekuh lŸkspk
va’kgh f’kYyd vqj.kkj ukgh-
eksxyh lkezkT; LFkkfi.;kph dYiuk Qksy Bjsy
vkrk jkfgyk izJ ljlhesojhy VksG;kapk fu Hkkjrkckgsjhy fvLykeh jkT;kapk- ijarq ;qjksih; ;q/nkP;k
o.kO;kr vQxkf.kLFkku] vjcLFkku fdaok rqdZLFkku ;kalkj[kh jkT;s ftoar jkfgyh rjh iq”dG >kys!
ukfnj'kgk fu vgen’kgk ;kauk R;kaP;k oSHkokrgh ts lk/kys ukgh rs vkrk R;kaP;k {kqæ oa’ktkadMwu ?kMsy gh
vk’kkp lksMk- R;kauh fganqLFkkukr ;svwu eksxyh lkezkT; LFkki.;kps LoIu dsOgkp vqjk’kh ckGxw u;s- vu~
VksGhokY;kauh jkoh vksykaM.;kiwohZp R;kapk lekpkj ?;k;yk vkeps ‘kwj ‘kh[k leFkZ vkgsr!
;k[ksjht usikGP;k Lora= fganw jkT;kpk fopkj u d:u dks.kkpsp pky.kkj ukgh( dkj.k Hkkjrke/;s
r’kk rÚgsps vjktd ektys rj R;krwu fganwaps vqTToy HkforO; fufeZ.;kph ‘k‰h lglzkof/k usikGh fganwaP;k
f’kLrhr jk[kysY;k canqdkarp olr vkgs- vu~ usikGP;k fganw jktkps jkT; gs rj xka/khaP;k O;k[;sizek.ksgh
LojkT; vkgs] rh Lok;Ÿkrkp vkgs! vu~ rkfŸod foospu djko;kps rjh vlsy Eg.krk ;svhy dh] Hkkoh
Hkkjrkpk Lora= lezkV gk ^fgt vsDlkYVsM gk;usl* futke ulwu ^fgt eWtsLVh* fn fdax vkWQ usikG gkp
vlsy-
dks.khgh eqlyeku fganqLFkkukoj jktdh; opZLo izLFkkfi.;kP;k vkdka{ksus ljlkoyk fu R;kus vqŸkj]
nf{k.k fdaok lhekizkar ;kaiSdh dksBsgh vqBko dj.;kpk ;Ru dsyk rjh R;kyk fojksf/k.;klkBh /keZlaj{kd fu
fganwaP;k lSU;kps ljlsukirh Eg.kwu usikGujs’k iq<s vkY;k[ksjht dnkfi jkg.kkj ukghr- funku Lor%lkBh rjh
usikG ljdkj v’kk rÚgsph gkypky d:u lkoZHkkSe lŸkklaiknukph vk;rh pkywu vkysyh lqo.kZla/kh
d/khgh ok;k noM.kkj ukgh- vkgs ghp ifjfLFkrh dk;e jkfgyh rj] xqj[;kaP;k iyV.kh iwosZdMs fcgkj]
caxkyiklwu vklkedMs fu if‹kzesdMs fla/kwi;Zar lgt pkywu tkvw ‘kdrhy- ;k vf[ky fganqLFkkukrhy
y{kkof/k fganw la?kVdkapk ikfBack vl.kkÚ;k v|;kor la?kVusP;k Lora= usikGh lSfudkapk jsVk Fkksiowu
/kj.;kl fe- gô ;kaps uo[kkyh xqaM fdaok [kka|koj uqlrs QkoMsp Vkdwu HkVd.kkjs [kkdlkj vleFkZ vkgsr-
[koGysY;k egklkxjkP;k rqQkuh ykVk okGwpk <hx d/kh ijrow ‘kdrks dk;\
 usikGP;k Lora= jkT;kps egŸo fganqLFkkukr fdrh eksBs vkgs] ;klaca/kh iflZOgy yWaMulkj[kk
fvfrgkldkj dk; fyfgrks gs funku fganwauk rjh vo’; ekghr ikfgts] rks Eg.krks %
The fact is that the communal strife from one end of India to the other invests Nepal with
an importance that ‘It would be foolish to overlook. Englishmen should attempt to understand
the high position which Nepal holds in the Southern Asiatic balance and the great and growing
importance which she will possess in the future in the solution of the problems which beset the
present state of India. Nepal stands today on the threshold of a new life. Her future calls her in
one direction and one only. It is not impossible that Nepal may even be called upon to control the
destiny of India itself’.

vkf.k Lora= fganw lkezkT;kps gs LoIu yodjp izR;{kkr fnlsy!

i.k vkEghgh iqUgk lkaxrks dh] gs lkjs rkfŸod vkgs- rFkkfi] tj fganwauh fganh eqlyekukaP;k ekukus
R;kaP;k gkrh dso<s lkeF;Z vsdf=r gks.;kph ‘kD;rk vkgs gs iWu&fganw ;k íf”Vdksukrwu fujhf{kys fu rh lkjs
dsaæs osGhp gkrh ?ksryh rj vktphp gh rkfŸod ppkZ ewfrZear izR;{kkr fuekZ.k gksvw ‘kdsy- la?kfVr]
cyk<; fu Lora= fganw lkezkT;kps gs LoIu fganw dYiuk djko;klgh /kt.kkj ukghr] fvrD;k vYiko/khr
[kjs >kysys fnlsy!
11- Hkxorh xksxyxk;
lR;kxzákauh ‘kL= ?ksvwu lR;kxzgkl tkvw u;s- dkj.k [kjk lR;kxzgh ‘kL=kyk f’ko.;kpsgh ikip
letrks] ykBhns[khy gkrh /kj.ks R;kl xkS.k okVrs Eg.kwu egkRek xka/kh Eg.krkr- dkj.k rs egkRes vkgsr-
ijarq lR;kxzghus lR;kxzgkl tkrkuk nkr vkf.k u[ksns[khy toG Bsvw u;sr] vls egkRek HkksGpan
;kauh ?kksf”kr dsys vkgs( dkj.k nkr vkf.k u[ks gh fulxkZus ewyr% ‘kL=s Eg.kwup fnysyh vlrkr- ykBh
vqi;ksxkr vk.kko;kph ukgh] ryokj uqlrh vkiyh /kjk;ph] dks.kklgh ekjk;ps ukgh] vlk fu‹p; dsyk
vlyk rjhns[khy rh ‘kL=s gksr Eg.kwup okij.ks tls lR;kxzákl ‘kksHkr ukgh] rlsp nkr vkf.k u[ks ;kapk
pko.;kl vu~ ckspdkjs ?ks.;kl vqi;ksx dsyk ukgh rjh rh ewyr%’kL=sp vlY;kus R;klgh lR;kxzákus
toG ckGxw u;s- dkj.k u tk.kks vs[kkns osGh iVdu vs[kk|k pkyR;k ek.klkl Ml.;kph izo`Ÿkh
Ogko;kph Eg.kwu lR;kxzákus laiw.kZr% vkRe’kq/nh dj.;klkBh vkiyh u[ks eqGkiklwu dkiwu vkf.k loZ nkr
ikMwu Vkdwu lR;kxzgkl fu?kkos vls HkksGpan Eg.krkr( dkj.k rsgh egkRekp vkgsr-
xka/khP;k erkizek.ks ;k txrkr ‘kL=s R;kT; eku.ks v’kD; vkgs- O;ogkj R;kokpwu pky.kkjp ukgh
Eg.kwu xka/khaps iÍf’k”; Hk:pk vkf.k eaMGh ;kauhns[khy Li”V lkaxwu Vkdys vkf.k xka/khaph voKk dsyh-
rFkkfi xka/khthapk vqins’k ;k txkr vxnh vO;ogk;Z vlyk rjh rks Qkj vqnkŸk vkgs- fvrdk dh] R;kp
vqins’k ns.;kP;k ijkØekus xka/khth] cq/n fu Jh—“.k ;kaP;kis{kkgh Js”B Bjrkr] vls Hk:pkauk vtwugh
okVrp vkgs-
;k txkr ts ts vO;ogk;Z vkf.k HkjelkV vlsy R;kpk ‘kkfCnd vqins’k ns.ks ghp tj cq/n vkf.k
Jh—“.k ;kaP;kis{kk Js”Bin iko.;kph ik;jh vlsy] rj ex egkRek xka/khis{kk egkRek HkksGpan gs lokvh
egkRek vkgsr] vls Hk:pkaukgh ekukos ykxsy- dkj.k vqins’kkph vO;ogk;Z fof{kIrrk ghp tj R;kP;k
vqnkŸki.kkph dlksVh vlsy rj] T;kP;k gkrh ryokj rj jkgksp i.k uqlrh ykBhns[khy ulrs rksp
lR;kxzgh] v’kk ;k egkRek xka/khP;k lw=kis{kk] T;kus lR;kxzgkl tkrkuk vkiys Lor%ps nkrns[khy ikMwu
Vkdys vkgsr rksp [kjk lR;kxzgh] gs egkRek HkksGpan ;kaps lw= iq”dG iVhus vf/kd vqnkŸk vkgs] gs lgtp
fl/n gksrs- Eg.kwup egkRek HkksGpan gs dsOkG cq/n vkf.k Jh—“.k ;kaP;kgwugh uOgs] rj xka/khthagwugh lokvh
Js”B vkgsr] gs vq?kM vkgs-
vu~ egkRek HkksGpan ;kaps Eg.k.ks vxnhp fujk/kkjgh ukgh dkj.k nkr fu u[ks gh ewGph ‘kL=s gksrh-
fvrdsp uOgs rj ryokj gs vsd euq”;kps ok<ysys u[kp vkgs- lk/ks u[k vksjckM.;kl iqjsuk Eg.kwu rs
ryokjhps fdaok ok?ku[kkaps :ikarj ikoys fu nkr HkkY;kps- Mqdjkpk nkr HkkY;kpk iwoZt gks;- rsOgk
lR;kxzákl ‘kL=laU;klkus [kjh [kjh vkRe’kq/nh djko;kph vlsy] rj dsoG ryokj fdaok ykBhp Vkdwu u
Fkkacrk R;kauh vkiys loZ nkr ikMwu exp R;k lkfŸod dk;kZl vkjaHk djkok- lkfŸodi.kkpk vqins’kns[khy
nkr vlysY;k rksaMkrwu ;sr ukgh] gh lokZaP;k vuqHkokphp xks”V vkgs- [kjs ikgrk nkr vlysY;k rksaMkr
e`nqy lkfŸod ‘kCn Qkjls ‘kksHkrp ukghr- ती ण दात असले या संहाची गजना नाह dk vs[kk|k ‘kwj
iq:”kklkj[kh ddZ’k fu daink;d okVr\ rsp nkr ulysyh xksxyxk; ikgk] dks.kh uqlrk ik; fnyk rj
fipwu tkvhy i.k Ml.kkj ukgh! ^lkfŸod] fu:iæoh fu fujL=* lR;kxzgkpk dsoG ewfrZear vorkjp!
vkeph egkRekthal v’kh izsekph lwpuk vkgs dh HkkjrkP;k jk”Vªh; fu’kk.kkoj lkfŸodrsph izfrek
Eg.kwu pj[;kP;k fp=kis{kk xksxyxk;hps fp= vf/kd ‘kksHkrs Eg.kwu rsp |kos-
vu~ fganw yksdkauhgh vkiY;k laL—rhps /;s;fpUg Eg.kwu ;kP;kiq<s xkvhyk iwT; u ekurk
xksxyxkvhlp iwT; ekukos- xkvhph iwtk djrk djrk vki.k fganw ^xk;* >kyks- i.k vkrk lkfŸodrsph
iq<ph ik;jh vki.kkl p<yh ikfgts! xk; >kyh rjh fryk nkr vlrkr] rh ykFkgh ekjrs vkf.k f’kaxkus
dsOgk dsOgk Hkksldrsns[khy- Eg.kwu frph iwtk djhr djhr vki.k vxnh xk; tjh >kyks] rjh vtwu
vkiyh vkRe’kq/nh Ogkoh r’kh >kyh ukgh- ukghrj vtwugh vs[kknk rkelh ‘kf’keksgu vkiY;kr vqRi™k
gksvwu vkiY;k lkfŸod laL—rhl dyad dk ykork\ rsOgk vxnh ^fu:iæoh] fujL=* vkf.k izfrdkjkph
cq/nhns[khy thr esyh vkgs v’kh fucqZ/n ^vkRe’kq/nh* tj goh vlsy] rj vkrk vki.k gs xq.k vqRdVi.ks
vl.kkÚ;k xksxyxkvhlp vkiys vkjk/; nSor letys ikfgts- dkj.k xksxyxkvhlkj[kk lR;kxzgh ohj
vtwu txrkr >kykp ukgh-
[kjks[kjp xksxyxk; gh lkfŸod xq.kkar xka/khthagwugh Js”B vkgs- dkj.k xka/khthalgh e/kwu e/kwu
fvaxztkaP;k fo:/n ulsy] rjh teZukaP;k fo:/n rjh ‘kL= ?ksvwu j‰ikr djkoklk okVrks- Lor%P;k iksVP;k
iksjklkj[ks Lor%P;k iksVkr vqRi™k gksvwu ok<r pkyysys visafMlk;fVlps gtkjks jksxk.kw R;kauh vkiys iksV
QkMwu Vkdwu ftoari.kh ljlgk dŸky d:u Vkdys] R;k iksVP;k iksjkalkj[;k jksxk.kawl izk.kafrd vqiæo
fnyk- Eg.kwup] vfiz; vlys rjh lR; rs lkafxrysp ikfgts] ;k fu;ekizek.ks ^fujL=] fu:iæoh vkf.k
fucqZ/n* vkRe’kq/nhr xka/khthagwu xksxyxk; gh Js”B nsork vkgs] gs lkax.;kpk gk lR;kxzg vkEgh djhr
vkgksr-
18&10&1927
 12- vfgalkRed HkaMfo/kku

vR;ar vkuankph xks”V vkgs dh] uhyP;k iqrG;kl gkyfo.;klkBh pkyysyk lR;kxzg ;’kLoh
dj.;kps lk/ku egkRekthauh ‘ksoVh ‘kks/kwu dkf<ys-
vsdk /kfVax.k Lo;alsodkus uhyP;k iqrG;kP;k ?kksM;kpk ik; vsdk gkrksM;kus rksMwu Vkdyk gh
ckreh vSdY;kiklwu loZ vfgalkRed vuR;kpkjh ohjiqaxokal] R;k nxMh ?kksM;kl >kY;k ulrhy fvrD;k
vlá osnuk gksr gksR;k! ekxs vsdk dksdjkl nq[kkir >kysyk ikgwu cq/n Hkxoku O;kdwG >kY;kph vuqJqrh
lkaxr vlrkr- i.k rs ftoar dksd: gksrs- ftoar izk.;kP;k nq[kirhus dklkohl dks.khgh gksvhy( i.k
nxMkl nq[kkir >kY;kusgh T;kps var%dj.k frGfrG rqVsy rksp [kjk vuR;kpkjh ohjiqaxo! vls vusd
ohjiaqxo dGoGwu vfgalsaP;k vkpk;kZadMs xsys vkf.k jMw ykxys- rsOgk R;kauh dGoGwu eBkKk lksfMyh dh]
vkrk ;kiq<s dks.khgh gkrksMk ?ksvwu gh gR;kjs gksr- Hkkjrh; naMfo/kkukr ¼fvafM;u fiuy dksMkr½ R;kal
f’k{kk ulsy] i.k vfgalkRed HkaMfo/kkukr R;klgh f’k{kk vlyh ikfgts- gR;kj gkrh ?ks.ksp iki vkgs-
ukxiwjyk gR;kjs /kkj.k dj.;kpk vf/kdkj feGokok Eg.kwu tsOgk lR;kxzg pkyyk] rsOgk vkpk;kZauh
vso<;kplkBh lkQ vqŸkj fnys gksrs dh] ^’kL=klkBh vkf.k lR;kxzg! ‘kL= vkf.k lR; vsd= jkgwp ‘kdr
ukghr- ‘kL= /kkj.k dj.;kP;k vf/kdkjklkBh lR;kxzg dj.ks Eg.kts lR;kxzg ‘kCnkpk Hk;adj nq:i;ksx dj.ks
gks;- ‘kL=s /kkj.k d: u;s gk fucZa/k U;k¸; vkgs- pksjh d: u;s] njksMk ek: u;s] gs Hkkjrh; naMfo/kkukarhy
fucZa/k rksM.ks gs tls iki vkgs] rlsp ‘kL= /kkj.k d: u;s gk fucZa/k rksM.ks gs vfgalkRed vuR;kpkjkP;k
‘kkL=kizek.ks iki vkgs-* Eg.kwu Hkkjrh; naMfo/kkukP;k iq<s vsd ikvwy Vkdwu] gkrksMk] ykBh fvR;knh gR;kj
frrds vfgalkRed] vuR;kpkjh HkaMfo/kku naMuh; letr vlrs!
i.k ex vuR;kpkjh ohjiqaxokauh izJ dsyk dh] ^eg”ksZ] e’khuxUl feGr ukghr- gkrksMs] ykB;k]
nxM gs feGr vlrkgh vfgalk í”Vhus vkEgh gkrh ?ksvw u;s Eg.kwu vkiyh vkKk lqVr vkgs- rsOgk vkEgh
uhyP;k iqrG;kdMs tkrkuk gkrh rjh dk; ?ksvwu tkos\*
rsOgk eBkKk lqVyh dh] ^fp[ky ?ksvwu*- fp[ky gkrh ?ksvwu lR;kxzgh ohjiqajxokus uhyP;k
iqrG;kdMs tkos fu fp[kykps xksGs R;k iqrG;koj] iksyhl idMhrks ekjhr jkgkos! gk fu.kZ; vSdwu
vuR;kpkjh vfgalk Hk‰kaP;k lSU;karhy rs >kMwu lkjs lR;kxzgh ohjiqaxo vkuankus iqyfdr >kys- iqaxop rs!
vkEgh R;k iqaxokarhy vsd ulrkgh vk.k[kh vsd rksM lqpow fvfPNrks- gkrksM;kus nxMkl nq[kkir
gksrs frrdh fp[kykus gks.kkj ukgh- ijarq vfgalsps ifo= ozr /kkj.k dsysY;k euq”;kus fp[ky rjh dlk
ekjkok\ dkj.k fp[ky >kyk rjh nxMkP;k MksG;kafcG;kar vqMkyk vlrk rks [kqiwu nxMh iqrG;kl
‘kkjhfjd nq%[k FkksMs cgqr rjh gks.kkjp- vsrnFkZ vkeph v’kh uez lwpuk vkgs dh] lR;kxzgh ohjkauh gkrkr
fp[kygh u ?ksrk uqlrs uhyP;k iqrG;ki;Zar tkos vkf.k&
vkf.k nq:u R;k iqrG;kl okdqY;k nk[kohr vqHks jkgkos! ‘kq/n vfgalkRed lR;kxzgkl gs fp[ky
ekj.;kis{kk vf/kd ‘kksHksy- gkrksMk] ykBh] nxM ;kizek.ksp fp[ky gsgh vsd gR;kjp vkgs- vsrnFkZ
fp[kygh vfgalkRed vR;kpkjkP;k HkaMfo/kkukr cfg”dkjkgZ letyk tkok-
okLrfod gkrns[khy vsd gR;kjp vkgs vkf.k Eg.kwup rksgh dkiwu Vkdwup lR;kxzákauh tkos i.k
tkvw |k- gkrkph xks”V rso<h lksMwu nsvw! Tkso.kkfco.kkyk vkf.k dsGh&ukfjaxh&la=s fvR;knh inkFkZ [kk.;kl
vqi;ksxh iM.kkjh oLrw vkgs rh!! Eg.kwu ;k lR;kxzgh ohjiqaxokauh uhyP;k iqrG;kleksj tkvwu uqlR;k
okdqY;k nk[kokO;k!
fn- 10&1&1928
13- cksy vkf.k —rh
uhypk iqrGk jLR;ko:u dk<wu Vkdkok Eg.kwu lR;kxzg pkyysyk vkgs- ekxs iatkce/;sgh
ykWjsUlP;k iqrG;k[kkyh Hkkjrh;kal viekudkjd fy[kk.k [kksnysys gksrs Eg.kwu rks dk<wu Vkd.;klkBh
lR;kxzg pkysyk gksrk-
ykWjsUlpk iqrGk dk<k] ukghrj vkEgh vq?kM vq?kM frFks ;svwu rks [k.kwu dk<w] ukghrj xka/khthauh
lqpfoY;kizek.ks ck;dk] eqys] iq:”k feGwu lkjs ykgksj R;k iqrG;kHkksorh teow! Ukqlrs teow! Ekx rqEgh
xksG;k pkyok- vkEgh e: i.k gV.kkj ukgh vls lkj[ks o.kZu pkyys gksrs- gs lxGs dsoG cksy-
gs Qksy cksy pkyys vlrk rs cksy.;klkBh pkj&nksu Loa;lsod dkjkxkjkr xsys- cksy vf/kd
tksjkus pkyrkp iksyhl igkjs i.k tksjkus clys- xka/khthaP;k iq:”k] ck;dk] eqysalq/nk lkjs ykgksj rsFks usvwu
vqHks dj.;kP;k fof{kIr ;kstuk tsFkY;k rsFksp futY;k- ykWjsUlpk iqrGk dkgh gkysuk] R;kojhy viekukLin
fy[kk.k dkgh <Gsuk-
vsd fnol vsd euq”; euk’kh Eg.kkyk] vsdk pkj gkr nxMkyk gyfo.;klkBh lkjs
ykgksj&ck;dklq/nk gks!&rsFks teok;ps\ vu~ dk; Eg.ks] R;kauh xksG;k >kMkO;k vu~ vkEgh iVkiV ejkos\
fdaok fnolk<oG;k iksfylkaP;k iq<s jkgwu lkaxkos] eh gk iqrGk QksM.;kl vkyks vkgs! idMk eyk vkf.k
idMys tkos vu~ pkj pkj o”ksZ pkGhl pkGhl t.kkauh rq:axkr ipkos! vsd pkj gkr nxM gyfo.;klkBh!
Okk js lR;kxzg!!&gs dsoG cksy!
pkj&vkB fnolkarp fvxzath i=akrwu ckreh vkyh dh] ^dks.kh nq”V euq”;kus dky jk=h iksyhl
cslko/k vlrk xqIri.ks R;k iqrG;koj p<kvh d:u R;kP;k gkrkrhy rh HkkaM.kkps ewG vlysyh ryokjp
eksMwu QksMwu iqrGk foæwi d:u Vkdyk!* tks rks Eg.kkyk]& gh ek= —rh!!
>kys] ljdkjyk foæwi iqrGk vlY;kis{kk ulysyk cjk okVyk- R;kus injP;k [kpkZus rks >kdwu
Vkdyk- vu~ uarj Hkkjrkpk vieku dj.kkjh rh okD;s cqtowu Vkdwu lq/kkjysyk iqrGk rsFks LFkkiu dsyk-
T;k dkekl ck;dkalg lxGs ykgksj xksG;k [kk.kkj gksrs] rs dke vsd euq”; vsdk >VD;kr d:u xsyk-
rksp fvdMs uhyP;k iqrG;kph eæklyk phM vkyh- iqUgk lR;kxzgkps iq.;kgokpuknh laLdkj
pkyys- lR;kxzg EgVyk dh] R;kps iq.;gou R;kph v/kkZaxh th vfgalk] frP;kokpwu ‘kkL=ks‰ gks.ksp ukgh-
rhgh ikVkoj ;svwu clyh- fvRkD;kr egŸokpk izJ vqRi™k >kyk dh] nxMh iqrG;kyk cqôh ekj.ks fdaok
pkiV ekj.ks fdaok R;kyk /k:u xn~xn~ gyow ikg.ks gh vfgalk dh fgalk\
yxsp f’k”;laiznk; vfglsP;k vkpk;kZadMs xsyk fu —rkatfyjHkk”ksr ^egkRekth! Ukhypk nxMh iqrGk
gyfo.ks Eg.kts R;kl nq[kfo.ks gks;- rsOgk nxMh iqrG;kl gyfo.;kP;k] [k.k.;kP;k fvR;knh /kkanyhr tj
R;k nxMkl nq[kkir >kyh rj rh fgalk gksrs dh dk;\ vfgalkRed vuR;kpkjh lR;kxzákl nxMklgh
nq[kkir dj.;kph uk vkgs dh dk;\* ;k vR;ar fcdV izJkpk fopkj vfgalsps vkpk;Z djhr vkgsr vkf.k
vuR;kpkjh lR;kxzgkusp iqrGk gyfo.ks ‘kD; vlsy rj ek>h laerh vkgs Eg.kwu ctkohr vkgsr rksp&
 rksp frdMs vsd /kfVxa.k Lo;alsod euk’kh Eg.kkyk] ^ok! nxMkyk nq[kkir!* fvrds cjs >kys dh
uhyP;k iqrG;kykp nq[kkir dj.ks fgalk dh vfgalk fvrdsp R;kus fopkjys! gks] ukgh rj loZ nxMkapk
izJ vqRi™k gksvwu ?kjkP;k ik;jhojgh frP;k nxMkpk vieku gksvw u;s Eg.kwu ik; nsvwu u Pk<rk Mksds
Vsdwu MksD;kusp p<r pyk Eg.kwu Vwe fu?kk;ph! fdacgquk pky.ksgh ygkulgku [kM;kal & nxMkaP;k
eqykckGkal&nq[kfo.ks vlY;kus dks.kh pkywp u;s Eg.kwugh eBkKk lqVko;kph! ok js lR;kxzg! gk dsoG
cdokl vkgs!*
R;kus rRdkG vsd ?k.k ?ksryk] jkrksjkr uhyP;k iqrG;k’kh vkyk vkf.k iksfylkl vlko/kls ikgwu
rkMdu rks R;k iqrG;koj ek:u uhyP;k iqrG;kP;k ik;kpk ik; rksMwu Vkdyk! Tkks rks Eg.kkyk] ^gh ek=
—rh!!!*
cksy vkf.k —rh ;kaph vk.k[khgh dkgh vqnkgj.ks ?kMr vkgsr- J}kuanLokehal ekjY;kuarj vcnqy
j’khn Eg.kkyk] ^eh LoxkZr tk.;kl vqRlqd vkgs] eyk ej.;kps dk; Hk;! eh ;k dkQjkyk Lo/keZ’k=w
Eg.kwu ekjys!!* gk >kyk cksy-
i.k tsOgk ej.k dksBMhP;k nkjk’kh ;svwu R;kl LoxkZdMs us.;klkBh Eg.kkys] ^pfy;s xkth!* rsOgk
vcnqy fHkvw ykxyk] R;kyk rki p<yk] osM;kps <ksax d: ykxyk] ‘kgk.;klkj[kk vtZ d: ykxyk dh]
^ljdkj! n;k djk] eyk ej.kkP;k iatkrwu lksMok!* ‘ksoVh ‘ksoVh ej.kkl Hksn:u tkvwu dkGkfBôj iMyk-
& gh —fr-
rhp xks”V fvPNsph vkf.k iwrhZph- vcnqy Qk’kh xsyk rsOgk eqlyekukaph fvPNk dh] i™kkl gtkj
yksdkalg ;k xkthP;k izsrkl vs[kk|k lqyrkukP;k izsrklkj[kk lUeku nsvw] fejow vkf.k ‘kkL=ks‰ dcjLFkkukr
iq:- &R;koj iq<s eksBk rktegky cka/kw! gh >kyh fvPNk-
i.k vcnqyps izsr fgldwu ?ksvwu tsOgk rs eqlyeku R;kl fejow fu?kkys rsOgk vpkud ef’kUkxUl
vkf.k cs;ksusVkauh R;kl lSfudoanuk fnyh! Caknqdhph jkxhV xqjxwj vSdw ;srs u ;srs rks R;k 50 gtkj
/keZohjkaps lSU; R;k xkthps izsr Vkdwu tho ?ksvwu iGr lqVys-
fcpkjk vcnqy! R;kl opus fnyh gksrh R;kizek.ks R;kph Qk’khiklwu rj dks.kh lqVdk d: ‘kdyk
ukghp] i.k R;kP;k izsrklns[khy dks.kh dcjLFkkukr iq: ‘kdys ukgh- R;kps izsr rkl nhM rkl vs[kk|k
fcuokj’kh e<;kizek.ks ekxkZr /kwG [kkr iMys gksrs! dks.kh rsFks vqHkk jkghy vlk /khV R;k /keZohjkaP;k 50
gtkj eqlyekuh ^nhunkjkr* vsdgh fu?kkyk ukgh vkf.k ‘ksoVh rs e<s ljdkjh f’kik;kadjoh rq:axkrhy pksj]
Mkdw] gR;kÚ;kaP;k iqj.;kP;k tkxhp iqjys xsys- Eg.krkrp ^tkrhl tkr feGrs vu~& ekrhl ekrh!*
izsrkoj rktkegky cka/kyk tkok gh fvPNk vkf.k R;koj rq:ax cka/kyk xsyk gh iwrhZ !!!
vcnqy j’khn] xka/khthaP;k ‘kCnkar Eg.kko;kps Eg.kts ^Hkkvh vcnqy* Qk’kh xsyk vkf.k R;kP;k
izsrkpk lUeku dj.;kl i™kkl gtkj eqlyeku R;kl lkeksjk xsyk- ^vcnqy j’khnps —R; gs vsdk O;‰hps
—R; vlwu R;kpk nks”k eqlyekuh lektkoj yknw udk- dkj.k eqlyekuh lektkpk vlk R;k —R;kl
uSfrd ikfBack fdaok lgkuqHkwrh eqGhp ukgh-* gh xka/khthauh iwohZp dsysyh Hkfo”;ok.kh v’kh vxnh rarksrar
[kjh Bjyh! egkRE;kph f=dkn’khZ opus dk d/kh [kksVh Bjrkr\
fganw&eqlyekukaps vSD; LFkkiu dj.;klkBh egkRekthauh vsdohl fnolkapk vqiokl dsyk- rRdky
vykgkcknsiklwu dydŸ;ki;Zar pkj eksBseksBs naxs d:u eqlyekukauh R;k vqioklkP;k ikj.;kpk fnol
lktjk dsyk- vkrk dydŸ;kl jk”Vªh; lHksP;k dk;Zdkjh eaMGkus fganw&eqlyekukarhy loZ HkkuxMh feVowu
vSD;kph ‘ksoVph jk”Vªh; ?kks”k.kk dsyh- gh ckreh iksprkp fnYyhl i™kkl gtkj eqlyekukauh vsdk fganwP;k
j‰kus Lok{kjh d:u Vkdyh- vu~ ;kuarj vSD;Hkaxkpk nks”k eqlyekukaP;k ekFkh ekj.;kps lkgl MkW-
eaqtsns[khy d: ‘kd.kkj ukghr gs vq?kM vkgs!
fn- 8&12&1927
 14- i.k ‘kq/nh ej.kkj ukgh
vsdk eqlyekuh oDR;kus fnYYkhP;k lHksr jkxkjkxkus EgVys dh] fganwlkBh vkEgh lksM.kkj
ukgh- iWu&fvLykfe>eP;k izsejTtwus vkEgh fganh eqlyeku txkrhy eqlyekuh jk”Vªka’kh lac/n gks.kkj- Bhd
vkgs- Ogk( dks.k Eg.krks\ i.k rs txkrhy eqlyeku rqeP;k’kh R;k izsejTtwus cka/kwu ?ksvwu lac/k gksvw
fvfPNrkgsr uk\ ukghrj ^dq.kh iq’kh u fopkjh] vqHkh eko’kh eh fcpkjh* v’kh fLFkrh Ogk;ph!
vyhdMP;k lqf’kf{kr eqlyekukaP;k eq[ki=kr fe- Qtus gehnus fyfgys vkgs dh] eh izFke Hkkjrh;
vkf.k uarj eqlyeku vkgs] vls Eg.k.ks eh iki letr vkgs- rs Bhdp vkgs- i.k fganwarhy HkkcM;k
yksdkal Qlfo.;kiqjrs rjh dsOgk dsOgk vsdk nks?kk eqlyekukauh eh izFke Hkkjrh; vkf.k uarj eqlyeku vls
Eg.k.ks] gs rj iq.; vkgs uk\ rso<s lk/kys Eg.kts vkVksiys!
Ekkxs glu futkehP;k i=kr J/nkuankP;k gR;siwohZ ‘kq/nh pGoGhph vFkhZ ¼frjMh½ ;equsP;k rVkoj
yodjp tkGyh tkvhy v’kk vFkkZph dfork izfl/n >kysyh vkeP;k okpdkal vkBor vlsyp-
cgqr ekyoh;th us cxys cgqr ytir u ctk;s nksrkjsA
exj gks’k es vk;saxs tc vs nksuks utj vk;saxs ekyoh fnu dks rkjsAA
v’kqf/n feVk djds NksMasxs ge Hkh vxj cktwvksa esa gS dqN ne gekjsA
ctkdj v’kqf/n dh vjFkh dks Lokeh gqok vkt pqids ls T;equk fdukjs AA
;k dforsyk J/nkuanthaP;k gR;suarj dfo xksfaoanjkekus ^fganw iapk*r vqŸkj fnys vkgs dh &
Ckykls pys ljis rsxsa o vkjs
Xkyi fQj ;kfd [kvwtj gekjs
vqnw xksfy;kWa pkgs lhusis ekjs
gVsaxs u ‘kq/nhls ‘kq/nhds I;kjs AA
fQnk ftLeks tkWard djsaxs [kq’khls
gks ‘kj yktir ekyoh ds fv’kkjs
u le>ks fd Mj tk;saxs dRyls ge
gS tks’ks ‘kgknr fnyks esa gekjs AA
fd;k dRy Lokeh dks dkfry gqvk D;k
cusaxs J/nkuan vc fganw lkjs
;s ‘kq/nh ;wa gh ‘kk;n pyrh jgsaxh
rks fganq cusaxs eqlyeku lkjs
pysxk tks ‘kq/nh dk pôj futkeh
utj vk;saxs fQj rqEgs fnu dks rkjsAA

vFkZ % ryokjhauh vkf.k djorhauh f’kjs dkiyh tkoksr] xksG;k Nkrhr ekjY;k tkoksr! ;k ekxkZus
tkr tkr vkEgh e:u tkvw- i.k ‘kq/nh ej.kkj ukgh! js gR;kjh] vsdk J/nkuankyk ek:u rw dk; dsysl\
c?k] fganw lektp J/nkuan >kyk! gk ‘kq/nhpk pôj ikgk pkyykp vkgs- FkksM;kp fnolkar tsOgk eqlyeku
/kMk/kM fganw gksrhy rsOgk futkeh] rqykp pôj ;svhy vkf.k fnolk MksG;kaiq<s pkan.;k pedw ykxrhy!
gqrkRE;kps rst vaxkr lapjr vkgs- gR;s rq>h ukaxh f<yh iMyh !!!
dÍj lukruh eaMGkps iz[;kr iq<kjh Eg.kwu xktysys iafMr nhun;kG ‘kekZaps lq;ksX; iq=gh fganw
egklHksP;k izxfrij dk;kZl fojks/k djhr vlr- i.k xsY;k lukru lHksP;k dÍj vf/kos’kukr gs nksUgh
fnXxt iafMr clys vlrk /kkdV;k fnXxtkauh Lor% vqBwu lkafxrys dh ‘kq/nhyk ‘kkL=h; vk/kkj lkiMyk
vkgs- vu~ vkrk dks.kkgh Hkz”Vkl ‘qk/n d:u ?ks.;kph O;oLFkk vkEgh djhr vkgksr!! Hkys iafMrth] fdrh
>kys rjh rqEgh vkEgh ca/kw vkgksr vsd’ks ikp!!
glu futkehauh fnYyhl ixkjklkBh lai dsysY;k fganw HkaX;kal /kkd ?kkryk dh] tj rqEgh
vk;ZlektkP;k iatkr xolwu eqlyekukal vlk lai d:u =kl |ky] rj eh eqlyekukar Hkaxhdke dj.kkjk
oxZ r;kj djhu- fvrdsp uOgs rj eh Lor% R;kapk eq[; Hkaxh gks.;kl deh dj.kkj ukgh! ^’kqHkL; ‘kh?kze~*!
okLrfod gs dk;Z R;kauh tUekiklwu gkrh ?;ko;kl ikfgts gksrs- rcyhxis{kk gs eq[; Hkaxhi.kkps dkep
R;kaP;k vqitr ;ksX;rsl lktsls vkgs!
rqdZLFkku’kh fvaXyaMph y<kvh pkyyh vlrk f[kykQrhP;k pGoGhl lká dj.ks gk fganwapk /keZ
vkgs Eg.kwu vkjMr vksjMr n’kfn’kk n.kk.kwu lksM.kkjs egkRekth] phue/;s vso<k vkdkar vqlGyk vlrk
R;kfo”k;h fvrds ewx fxGwu dka clrkr R;kfo”k;h dkgh t.kkal eksBs आ चय okVr vkgs- i.k R;kr dkgh
vsd आ चय ukgh- rqdZ eqlyeku gksrk] fganh eqlyekukapk rks [kfyQk gksrk( Eg.kwu R;kl lká ns.ks fganwapk
/keZ gksrkp- i.k phu fganw vkgs- fganwal fganwauh lká ns.ks] gk dk fganwapk d/kh /keZ vlrks\
cksvj yksd tsOgk R;kaP;k Lokra«;klkBh fvaXyaMfo:/n y<r gksrs rsOgk xka/khthauh lkezkT;krhy
vsdfu”B iztkuu Eg.kwu vsd j.k’kqJw”kk nG dk<wu fvaXyaMP;k lkgk¸;kl j.kkax.kkr /kko ?ksryh gksrh-
R;kP;kgh iq<s tkvwu teZu yksd tsOgk R;kaP;k eqGkoj vkysY;k fvaxzt jktuhrhl vqyFkwu ikM.;klkBh
y<k;yk fu?kkys] rsOgk rj vfgald xka/khthauh teZukal Bkj ekj.;klkBh] fvaxztkal l’kL= lká |ko;kl
fdR;sd Hkkjrh; r:.kkal e`R;wP;k tcM;kr <dy.;klkBh deh dsys ukgh- R;k xka/khthauh vkrk phu
Lokra«;klkBh y<.;kps egRiki djhr vlrk okLrfod ikgrk fvaxztkaP;k orhus Hkkjrh;kaph Lo;alSfud
iFkds vqHkk:u phuoj Lokjh djko;kl ikfgts vkgs! i.k rs rls u djrk] vtwu vkiys pwi clys vkgsr
gs dk; phuoj R;kaps FkksMs vqidkj >kys vkgsr\ phuyk R;kauh vkf.k R;kaP;k f’k”;kauh vk.k[kh dks.krh
lgkuqHkwrh nk[kokoh\ phu tk.kwucqtwu fganqLFkkupk jktfu”B fe= vkf.k /kekZpk f’k”;( R;kl rh lfØ;
lgkuqHkwrh dk; nk[kok;ph! R;kar egkReki.k rs dks.krs vkgs! phuP;k fo:/n fvafXy’k lsusl lká ns.ks gsp
[kjs egkReki.k vkgs] tls cksvj;q/nkr fdaok teZu;q/nkr izdV dsys xsys! vu~ ts] vkEgkl vtwu vk’kk
vkgs dh] dks.;k OgkfvljkW;kP;k fdaok xOguZjkP;k HksVhfcVhpk xksM iz;ksx dsyk vlrk ;k ^phukaXy*
;q/nkrgh egkRekth vkt ukgh vq|k rs izdVgh djrhy!
^xk>h vcnqy j’khnpk eqyxkp dks.kh vqMowu usyk vkgs* Eg.kwu ^vtqZuus* izfl/n dsys vkgs! gs
J/nkuankps Hkwr ekxs ykxys vkgs fcpkÚ;kP;k! R;kus J/nkuankaP;k eqykl fir`ghu dsys! U;k;ky;ke/;s vsdk
eqlyeku lk{khnkjkus lkafxrys gksrsp dh] ^xkthus* vsdnk vkiY;k eqykl ?kjkph nkjs ykowu ejsejsrks pksiys
gksrs Eg.kwu !!!
J/nkuankapk iqutZUekoj fo‹okl vlY;kus tkQj vYyhus fyfgys gksrs dh rs वfpr xk;hP;k
tUekl ;svwu eqlyekuh dlk;kP;k [kqaV;k’kh cka/kysgh xsys vlrhy- i.k vkrk vsdk ijyksd
fo|kfo’kkjnkP;k IyWapsVoj LoxkZrwu lans’k vkyk vkgsdh] rls dkghvsd >kysys ulwu eydkuk jtiqrkaP;k
‘kq/nhdj.kkP;k iq.; izpkjdkP;k dkeh useys vkgs vkf.k R;kauh rsFksgh ‘kqf/nlHkk LFkkiwu tkQj vYyhP;k
vktkl vkf.k i.ktklgh eqlyekuh /kekZrwu ijko`Ÿk d:u fganw /kekZph nh{kk fnyh vkgs! tkQj vYyhP;k
vkf.k glu futkehP;k ofMykaph ‘kq/nhgh ;kp vkBoM;kr rs dj.kkj gksrs!
 Jh’kadjkpk;Z MkW- dqrZdksVh ;kaP;k lkj[;kaP;kgh izR;{k orhus /kkjokMkr th fganw lHkk LFkkiu djrk
vkyh ukgh rh J/nkuankaP;k gR;sus v[ksj LFkkfir dsyh gs ‘kqHk orZeku izfl/n >kys vkgs- i.k vkrk rh
dk;kZl dsOgk vkjaHk dj.kkj\ dka lHkk LFkki.;klkBh vsdk laU;k’kkP;k gR;sP;k eqgwrkZi;Zar tls Fkkackos]
ykxrs] rls dk;Z vkjaHk dj.;kl nqlÚ;k dks.kk Fkksj laU;k’kkP;k vk.k[kh vsdk gR;sP;k eqgwrkZph /kkjokM
ekxZizrh{kk djrks vkgs\
fganw yksdkarhy pksj] Mkdw] iksjsaVksja Hkqyowu vkf.k vukFk ck;kckiM;k iGowu fvLykekpk izpkj
dj.;klkBh ^rcfydk* fvdMs —“.kewrhZl&R;k vsdk fganw czká.k dqekjkl vki.k gksvwu Hkxokukpk vorkj
ekuwu ;qjksi] vesfjdk [kaMke/khy eksBseksBs ‘kkL=K] doh] laLFkkfud] xazFkdkj vkf.k gtkjks L=hiq:”k R;k fganw
dqekjkP;k ik;kph /kwG eLrdh vaxkjk Eg.kwu /kkj.k djhr vkgsr! xhrk okphr vkgsr! dks.khdMs rks glu
futkeh; va/kkjkrhy ?kqckMkpk ?kwRdkj! vu~ dks.khdMs gs vkSifu”knh; vq”k%dkykP;k Lokxrkps nsonwrh;
laxhr!!!
rqEgkal tj caxkyps jktdh; cafnoku lksMko;kps vlrhy rj\ &xka/khth ^;ax fvafM;k*r xaHkhji.ks
fyfgrkr] ^pj[kk fQjok* vkEgh vR;kuankus yxsp pj[kk fQjowu ikfgyk- i.k u jktdh; cafnoku lqVyh-
rsOgk la’k; vkyk dh ^pj[kk fQjok* fvrds ^;ax fvafM;k* us ts fyfgys] R;kfo”k;h rks fdrh fnol rlk
fQjfoyk ikfgts- vsdnk fQjowu rj dkgh Hkkxys ukgh]Eg.kwu vkEgh ^;ax fvafM;k* dk;kZy;kr fopkjys
vkgs] fdrh fnol rlk pj[kk fQjfoyk dh] phups lSU; ijr ;svhy\ & cgq/kk gk loZ tUe vkf.k nqljk
iq<pk vls vqŸkj ;svhy-
^VkvhEl* o:u dGrs dh] fcpkÚ;k tikue/;s HkwdaikP;k LQksVkus yksdkal =kgh >kys vkgs-
R;kpizek.ks ekWfj’kldMs vsd oknG gksvwu vsd ty;kuP;k ty;ku izok’kkalg okgwu xsys! Ik.k ex gs
yksd pj[kk dka fQjohr ukghr\ tj ?kjclY;k pj[kk fQjfoY;kus phue/;s /kkMysys lSU; vkrkP;k vkrk
ijr fQjfork ;srs] rj dk; R;k pj[;kus Hkwdai vkf.k oknGs ‘kkar gks.kkj ukghr\ i.k ^ák egkjk”VªkP;k
yksdkar J/nkp ukgh!* vu~ ;k tikuh yksdkargh !!!
xka/khthauh f’kaiks’kh ;sFkhy HksVhr vsdk la’k;h x`gLFkkl vkiY;k ;qf‰oknkuarj lkafxrys dh] ^ek÷;k
[kknhusp LojkT; dls feGsy ;k fo”k;kpk ;qf‰okn vSdwu loZ la’k;h yksd ek>s vuq;k;h gksrkr-* [kjsp-
dkj.k [kknhus LojkT; dls feGsy ;kfo”k;hpk] R;kapk pj[;kus phups lSU; ák {k.kh ijr cksyko.kkÚ;k
ojhy ;qf‰oknkizek.ksp] vxnh v[kaMuh; dksfVØe vSdwu R;kaP;kiq<s nksu ikoys tk.;kps rj ukop udks]
i.k R;kaP;kcjkscjns[khy pkyko;kl dks.kh fl/n gksr ukgh- tks rks] rks fof{kIr ;qf‰okn vsdrkp dacjMs
clY;klkj[ks gksvwu R;kaP;k ekxs ekxs Qkjp ekxs jsaxkGw ykxrks& vuq;k;h gksrks gs vxnh [kjs-
phue/;s xsysY;k Hkkjrh; lSU;kr Økafrdkjdkauh gLri=ds okVwu R;kauk phufo:/n y<w udk Eg.kwu
fouarh dsY;kps izfl/n >kys vkgs- Iysxps vqanhj rj iMw ykxys! vkrk Iysx dsOgk lq: gksrks\
15- xka/kh dk; Eg.krkr\
^fvrj lkjs ygkuFkksj laLFkkfud v[ksjhyk ;k futkekP;k cyk<;re lŸksyk ‘kj.k tkrhy fu futke
fganqLFkkuP;k lezkVinkoj fojkteku gksvhy!
^;k ns’kkarhy laLFkkfudkauh futkekph ekaMfydh iRd:u fdaok futkekyk ljlhesojhy eqlyekuh
VksG;kauh ikfBack nsvwu tj fganqLFkkukr futkekps jkT; LFkkiu gksr vlys] rj rlY;k vjktdrsps eh
Lokxr djhu*-
^;k ns’kkarhy lkÚ;k fganw laLFkkfudkauk ljlhesojhy VksG;kaP;k lkgk¸;kus vkiys ekaMfyd cuowu
futke tj fganqLFkkupk lezkV gksr vlsy] rj rs jkT; ‘ksdMk ‘kaHkj Vôs LojkT;p vkgs- rs ^gkse:y*p
gks;!*
lkojdj dk; Eg.krkr\
^vsdVs f’kans vsdk cktwyk fu futkekP;k lkÚ;k ‘k‰h vsdk cktwyk vls >kys rjh vs[kk|k uO;k
vqnxhjkP;k fdaok [kM;kZaP;k j.kkax.kkoj vsdVs f’kansp futkekpk [kqnkZ vqMforhy-*
^dk’ehjiklwu dU;kdqekjhi;Zar iljysys y{kkof/k fganw ^fganw rso<k vsd* ;k rŸokus izQqfYyr >kys
vkgsr] gs fganqla?kVd foljr ukghr- eqlyekuh laLFkkfudkauh tj vs[kkns jk”VªO;kih ;knoh ;q/n vkjafHkys]
rj R;k izlaxh fganw laLFkkfudkaps j‰ esysysp jkghy vls let.;kps dkj.k ukgh-*
^vkf.k tsOgk vqnsiwjiklwu dksYgkiwji;Zarps loZ fganw jkts vkf.k nf{k.ksrhy EgSlwjiklwu dksphuikosrksps
vo?ks fganw ujs’k vsd cykus eqlyekuh vkØedkaoj rqVwu iMrhy] rsOgk [kkyh nf{k.k leqækiklwu rgr
vqŸkjsrhy ;equsikosrks eqlyekuh lŸkspk va’kgh f’kYyd vqj.kkj ukgh-
^1914 rhy vWaXyks&teZu ;q/nkP;k dkykr ;kp xka/khauh eqlyekuh iq<kÚ;kaP;k orhus
vQxkf.kLFkkukP;k vehj vekuqYykyk fganqLFkkuoj Lokjh dj.;klkBh ikpkj.k dj.;kpk ?kkrdh Mko jpyk
gksrk*-
^jkT;kaP;k lhek fu vf/kdkj [kM~xkph fr[kV /kkj fu rksQkaps Hk;kud xksGsp Bjohr vlrkr!*

********