‘uoRsonb sno siomsue 1 asneseq ‘Japour uoH aq woxy Spoamp uuanyo> exp {ypea Jo} fapour LOHETIASIC] IMoHOYS a4 URE pIMoYs NOX “UOE yROHOYS sf UoRSONb NOK ssoMsuE SpDdsIp yp [apOUr a nar ano ex paay ai soo o4p SueUINS9 204 snoxo8tz ayy uns 0} 34 pau nox MOU 0} peat 3,uop nod “uN JOD 24} ‘uonesedas yy axomype 0} ones xnYox poxinbas aup PUP ssBertampagnbeoroqumapamnbsroxinokson orm, ‘soyesodo ‘uunjoo ayy yom ye sounyesoduray ayy nos sons8 so.eIRUS IHL ‘aunssaud ayp Aysads nox voneimuns ‘ays op nod axojaq “sapyznd jonpord 20 sapsoaov0s jusuoduio9 ayppads 103 ssaooid ayy uo sa2uvjeq euayeur ayy Bulop Aq 31 328 18g 28s04u09 puvjsiopun ysnur au0 104 ‘aBroau03 0} 5420(qy]NaysEp sour up Ayqegoud are suuuNyOO UOHET|YSIL NOILVTILLSIG SNONNILNODSnulton of Unit Operations with HYSYS Product Specifications ‘You must specify ane characteristic (eg, flow, composition) foreach product from the column. Specify composition (component mole oF ‘mass Traction) or component recovery instead of component flow, Specify the composition or recovery (Loss ofthe impurity. Forexample ‘use 001 ofthe heavy key in the distilate instead of 0.99 of the ight ‘ey. This is so important for mlt-component mixtures that it a good idea to get into the habit by specifying even binary mixtures this way (fr binaries it would net make any diference). Specity the heavy-key composition or recovery in the distillate and the lightkey composition or recovery in the bottom product, and make sre that the Keys ae next to cach other inthe ist of components, The list must be in order of boiling points, Note: you can also specify compositions or recoveries of groups ‘ofcomponents, whatever case you ate making group of components fs your key, do not select the flow rate of both products for the variables This is Because the sum ofthe two prodict rates mast be ‘equal to the feed rate (the mass talance constraint Condenser Specify a Total condenser if you want a total condenser or a Partial (Condenser if that is what you want If the column feed contains very Tight components (eg, hydrogen, methane, ethane, nitrogen) you ‘must use a Partial Condenser. I you dat, the condenser temperature ‘ill be too low. In HYSYS select the Full Reflux option if you only hhave a vapor distillate stream, The Partial Condenser option gives you to distilate product streams, one vapor and one liquid and feajuites one adlittonal specification, Column Pressure ‘Specify the column pressure at the top and atthe bottom (The Boom resure ut higher ha the top pressures tht the tapers con lo om fhe bottom tothe fp). Although you can specify a condenser and a reboiler pressure drop, these are normally zero. The column pressure ‘You specify determines, n order of importance: The temperstaes ia the condenser and the reboller: the lower the pressure the lower the column temperatures, ‘The density of the vapors in the column: the density Is proportional to the pressure, and the required column diameter ie Continous Distiaion ‘inversely proportional tothe density to the 025 power. This i only "Significant at very Tow pressures (<1 pa). "The ease of separation: the lovee the pressure the easier it 8 to separate, that i, ess numberof stages oF lower Feflux ato. So, the pressure should be as low as posible, although vacuum (P < 147 psa) should be avokded if possible. The most important consideration Insolecting the pressure isthe Colunm Temperature. The condenser temperature should be high enough o that cooling water canbe used inthe condenser, that is grester than the water exit temperature plus ‘he minimum allowed temperature approach, IF this roquizes too high a pressure, then arefrigorated condenser should be considered, At the other end ofthe column, the rebolle temperature should be low enough so thatthe lowest possible steam pressure can be used inthe rebolr. This is because the annual steam {oat is lower the lower the seam pressure. However, only tvo oF tee steam pressure levels are available in a plant. The maximum boiler temperature that allows the use ofa particular steam pressure levels equal tothe maxima steam condensing temperature for that level 35°F. This isto insure nucleate boiling in the rebole, "To check if you have selected the correct pressure, check the results by opening Performance tab in the eoluran block and locking at the condenser and reboier (RK) tomperatures. If you don't you may tealize your pressure i to high orto low when you are sizing the condenser and rebole, and then it may be to late to make another Solving Convergence Problems When the column does not converge, check you specifications fis. ‘You may, for example, have specified the heavy key to go tothe top andthe light key to go to the bottom, There is no way thiscan happen fd the simulator knows bat it wil ony tel you by not converging ‘Oe season for failure to converge Is that you may not have enough stages, You may prevent this by fist running with the specifications ‘of Ref Ratio and Distillate Rate. Then add the product specifications you want and see how close they are (under "Current Valuo” In the Monitor window) tothe values you want. fthey are far, yeu probably need more (or fewer) stages. the reflax ratio you need to achieve your specifications is to high, you should ad stages. Itmay be that your fed tay location is 00 high or too low. One way to tell isto Took atthe temperatire profile graphic in the Monitor window If there i a discontinuty atSan of Unt Operating with HYSYS the feed tray instead of a smooth transition, the fed tray should be ‘moved. Note that the optimum feed tray location changes when you ‘ange the pressure inthe column Look aso atthe messages window. Te usally tells you why itis nat converging, Whatever you do, fo not hage igs at naar st omnes comer I you have been te for {Dihouts, tis probably becnuse you have been changing ening at random ‘Shortcut Distillation Method Example ‘The following example builds 4 Shortcut column as a typical depropanizer, having the stream Feed asthe tower feed. The fed at {405+ 100 pala enters the column at 1272 Tomo with the following ‘ompostion in ole faction Ethane QO1S, propane 0.7315, butane 0681, butane 0.1462, LPentane 00173, nepentane Q.015, n-hexane (0.0071 Heavy key in Distillte is butane O02 mole Faction ight key tte ropa 005 me rato for refx ais of 3 late the minimsm reflux ratio and column performance? 1. Star the SYS program select new case press the components {nba addall the component tate invalved inthe problem, By clicking on the ld package tab sclct te sultable fad posing Cvs he int an lk on ve he Stn Envirenment button, then from the object plete scect the shortcut dalton shone fn gue St cick ay pace ede the sumaton area, you wl Figure 62. fee Figure 62 shorteut ‘EL Figure 6.1 object pallet aistlltion icon 2. Double click on the ion that foks like Figure 6.2, to enter the Giferent specifications, While the Desiga tap i pressed click Connections and fil F for feed, D for Distt 8 for Bottom, Qe {or condenser std Qr for Reboier as shown in Figure 63. CConinsoos Dission Figure 63 Distillation connection page Close the above window to return to graph environment click fon the feed stream and enter feed specification by typing “Temperature pressure, low rate and feed compositions as shown Jn Figure 64. Close the windovr you vill notice thatthe fed stem changed color. This because we have specified all the Independent variables we care for on that stream and the dependant variables were automatically calculated by HYSYS. Figure 64 Feed steam conditions