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    IMPACT OF HOT DRY REGION ON HOUSES

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    IMPACT OF HOT DRY REGION ON HOUSES

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    IMPACT OF HOT DRY REGION ON HOUSES

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Flag for inappropriate content
    21 views5 pages

    Impact of Hot Dry Region On Houses

    Uploaded by

    aishwarya rani
    IMPACT OF HOT DRY REGION ON HOUSES

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    THE IMPACT OF HOT-DRY CLIMATE ON HOUSING: A comparative Study between Traditional and Contemporary Houses, with Special Reference to Ghadames City, Libya. ABUBARKER SHAWESH ABSTRACT The arid climate conditions in Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, have been carefully and ‘ffectvly dealt with in the traditional cities where bullaings, streets, and tho cities themselves have evolved in response to such conditions by utlsing ‘afural materials and traditional techniques. In contrast, contemporaly city development, and dweling design, has fallen short of a chiaving similar comfort Conditions, without resorting to mechanical or electrical devices such as alr Conditioning. This paper describes and investigates the traditional and modem ‘areas of the desert settiement of Ghadames in ordor 10 determine the impact of the extemal cimate on the performance of the buildings and the comfort ofits ‘occupants. Based on fleldwork carried out in Ghadames city in August, 1991, it attempts to establish the diferent responses of traditional and modem housing to the hot-cty climate of Libya. INTRODUCTION Climate is an important aspect of lite periculary in counties with hokdry climates such as Libya, where people face a variety of problems related to climate especialy in modern housing. Ghadames city provides a good example of the contrast between tradtional and modem houses. though Ghadames is one of the coldest cities in Libya, its buildings remain wall maintained, and still ved in, This provides the opportunity to compare and contrast the performance of the architecture of the old town with that of the new town in order to understand the fradiional techniques for maintaining thermal comfort in ari climatic condtons and the weaknesses of contemporary race, ‘Tho oasis of Ghadames is located in the Libyan Sahara Desert. It les 630 km. south-west of Tipo, close tothe junction with the borders of Algeria and Tunisia stated at an altiude of 350. motors above sea level In the new city areas, modem bulcings Predominate, and because of the shortage of housing, most people are compelled to 2 live in whatever modem dwelings are considered appropriate for both the ‘available, whether they are climatcally climate, as well as for the social salstactory o nt. conditions, The modem architecture of the international style which has (ominated the new developments is generally considered inapproprate, partcularly because it was introduced ‘without consideration forthe local climate ‘or forthe cultural needs ofthe population Traditional houses in Ghadames have evolved in response to alimate, reducing the effect of the hostile desert climate conditions. The main concer of the masons was to modity extremes of air ‘temperature, and 10 protect the inhabitants fom solar radiation and glare as well as rom sand and dust. ‘The aim ofthe study isto demonstrate the differing responses of the modem and tradional buildings as to the hotdry climate and to discover the factors which influence their performance. In order to cary out the investigation, the author spent sity days in Ghademes from July to August curing the summer of 1881 Information was collected about the macro-cimate of the city, the micro- climate of selected buildings, and people's response to climate. The study was divided into two parts: climatic condtons in Ghadames, and housing design in GGhadames. These are summarised In order to assess the climatic comfort, sx below: houses were chosen for in depth investigation, The folowing analysis House Decichs examines the six selected houses in the did and new town, and demonstrates the eee factors which have influenced their The aim of this survey i to identify the climatic perfomance. The case studies tradtional_ and modem architecture of Were selected on the basis of their Ghadames cy and to compare ther feptesenttveness for the specif areas. appropriateness. for the local climatic The thee areas namely the southemn, condiions and ways of life. While rival and northern parts ofboth the old tradtional architecture is generally andthe new town, show dierent FORUH Vol2 1998 ‘Tho Impact of Hot-Dry Climate on Housing protect the occupants ftom the direct sunshine In this house, habitable rooms are found on the ground floor, as well as ‘on the other levels. However, during the summer nights people always use the root as a living area, enjoying the cool night breeze, ‘Sample two This house is stuated in the centr ofthe town, in Tangzin neighdouthood, within a Figure 1. Zamoet House in the Old Town conditions, and the case studies are aimed at illustrating these_ differences, paricularyin the old town. THE DESIGN OF TRADITIONAL HOUSES In order to evaluate the climatic performance of traltional dwelings tree houses were selected for examination, in hich climatic conditions were measured. ‘These three houses, which are typical of the tradtional dwelings, are described below. ‘Sample one This house is stated in the south of the town in the Auld Bll neighbourhood. I is located within a plot area of 31. square meters and has a covered floor area of about 64 square meters. The house is three storeys high (Fig. 1) From the section A-A in figure. we notice: the main enrance of the house opens on to the public street which is uncovered, but the high walls onthe other side of the narow sitet generally keep it shady, to FORUM Vol2 1998 Figure 2. Maghora House in the Old Town bultwup area and has a plot area of about 26.50 square meters and a total floor atea of about 80 square meters. It is four storeys high (Ig. 2). From section A-Ain figure we notice: the main entrance of the house, opening off ‘he public testis completely covered, in ‘ardor to maintain the temperature a8 cool as possible. One of the important aspects of his house is that he entre area ofthe round tloor is organised for storage purposes, Living areas are stuated on the fist, mezzanine, and second floors. However, during summer nights, people sleep on the root, enjoying cool night breezes, Sample three “This house is stuated tothe north ofthe town in Mazigh neighbourhood within a Plot area of 25 square meters and with a ‘covered floor area of about 75 square meters. Its four storeys high and there is ‘a courtyard to one side. Part ofthe house is also bul over the stret (Fig. 3). From section A‘Ain gure. we notice that the main entrance ofthe house opens off the public street which is also completely covered to maintain the temperature as cool as possible. The wiole ofthe ground floor accommodation is used for storage purposes. The living area is situated on the fst floor, mazzanine floor and te top floor during the summer. From the observation of the thee tratitonal houses several pois were ‘noted. Mud is the main material for bah roofs and walls. All he rooms are it and ventlated in diferent ways, The windows, Figure 3. EL Athany House inthe Okt Town 3 ‘Abubaker Shawesh Which are smal, open on to interior light wells, shady oF covered seats. Their opening size is not more than 50 by 0 centimetres, located at a high love, near the celing are colour washed in white to keep the interior ofthe house as cool as, possible; the walls ate thick as well Moreover, it was found that air- conditioning is hardy used in these houses, ‘THE DESIGN OF MODERN HOUSES The three houses of modem design, Uihich were selected for investigation, in which climatic conditions were measured, are described below: Sample one ‘This house is situated inthe south ofthe ‘ew tow within a plot area of about 232 square meters. It has about 187 square meters of floor area. IL is one story high ‘The house cecupies the whole width of the plot, and is built up tothe boundary of the plot. Thore is @ small garden at the ‘ear of he house (Fig 4). From the section AVA, in figure itis noticed that: the main entrance opens rectly to outside and has no protection from the sunshine and wind, which increases the interior air temperature. It Is found that inthis house, many diferent styles and systems of construction do not sut the way of ife of the residents Sample two ‘This house is situated in the middle of the new town within a plot area of about 164 square meters and a floor area of 168 ‘square meters tis two storeys high. The house occupies the whole width of the Plot, and is built up tothe front boundary of the plot. There isa small garden atthe rear of house and a kichen yard (Fig. 8). Figure 4. EL. Mahal House in the New Town 44 Figure 5. Abdul Salam House inthe New Town From section AA, in figure it can be noticed that: the main entrance opens rectly to the outside, facing the wide, asphalt pubic street. The ground floor is organised as @ main ling area, and tho fist floor is used as a sleeping area However, there is no separate storage area, Sample three ‘This house is situated tothe north of the ‘ew town within a plot area of about 102 ‘square meters and a floor area of about 170 square meters. It fs of two storeys Figure 6. Abdul Rahman House inthe New Town high The house cccupies the whole Width of the pot, and is built up to the front boundary ofthe pot. There i a small garden, and a small kichen yard (Fig. 6) From the section A-A, in figure tis noticeable that: the main entrance opens on fo the wider uncovered street, which causes an increase in the interior temperature. All ving areas are istrbuted between the ground floor and the fist flor. There is no separate storage area. The rooms are it and ventlated through the windows which open drecty ‘onto the exterior space From the observation ofthe thee madern houses we natice that: concrete is used as. ‘the main materi! fr bth rots and walls All the modem houses are lit and ventiated through large windows opening

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