sssIndex

1. Summary
2. Aims and objective
3. Literature review
4. Introduction
5. Facts
 Area
 Old cultivation
 Climate
 Water consumption
6. Data comparison
7. Techniques implement for imporvement
8. Organic cultivation
9. Benefits
10. Suggestion
11. Recommendation
AIMS

 Increase productivity of cultivation and processing of

sugarcane and of its co-products processing.
 Reduce costs of cultivation and processing of sugarcane and of
its co-products processing.
 Diversify sugarcane land use and processing industries.
 Protect sugarcane-growing/producing environment.
 Transfer technologies and promote their adoption.
 Ensure formulation and implementation of appropriate policies
and regulatory measures required for the development of the
sugar sector by relevant authorities.

OBJECTIVES

 Improve sugarcane crop management practices.

 Ensure efficient utilization of land, soil and water resources in
sugarcane production with minimum environment degradation.
 Mechanism sugarcane farming.
 Improve processing efficiency of sugarcane and of its co-
products.
 Diversify sugarcane-based products.
 Increase stakeholder knowledge of sugarcane technologies and
provide necessary institutional coordination and support for
adoption / commercialization of such knowledge.
 Guide authorities for formulation and implementation of
policies and regulatory measures
 Introduction
Agriculture is the mainstay of the state of Maharashtra. It is the main
occupation of the people. Both food crops and cash crops are grown in
the state. The main food crops of Maharashtra are mangoes, grapes,
bananas, oranges, wheat, rice, jowar, bajra, and pulses. Cash crops
include groundnut, cotton, sugarcane, turmeric, and tobacco.

The total irrigated area which has been used for crop cultivation is 33,
500 square kilometers. Large areas of the state have been brought under
fruit cultivation. The fruits which have added to the treasury of the state
are the Nagpur oranges, oranges of Bathplug, the Alphonso Mangoes
and the grapes of Nashik and sugarcane of satara.

The agricultural growth rate has increased to 1.97%. To make things

more accessible for the farmers the interest rate for the loans has been
decreased to 6%. A very important problem is the dependence on
rainfall. To lessen the dependence irrigation facilities have been
extended to an additional area of 1.4 lakh hectares. To provide relief to
stressed farmers who have been affected by the drought conditions,
Rs.5200 crore has been sanctioned by the central government. This has
been done to six districts of the Vidharba region. To compensate the
crop losses Rs367 crore has been granted to the poor farmers. Apart
from that stringent actions have been taken on 2821 illegal money
lenders.

Research on agriculture and agricultural products needs to be conducted

to tackle the diverse agro - climatic differences. Apart from that the
transport and communication services, infrastructure development in the
rural area has helped in developing the agricultural production of the
state.
In India, sugarcane is an important commercial crop. The sugarcane
plant is a tropical plant and has been known in India from earliest times.
Its reference is found in AtharvaVedda, before 3000 to 7000 years ago.
India is the fourth major sugar producing country in the world, the first
being Russia, Brazil and Cuba. Indian sugar industry has lion's share in
accelerating industrialization process and bringing socio-economic
changes in under developed rural areas. About 4.5 crore farmers are
engaged in sugarcane cultivation in India. Sugar factory (Co-operative,
private and public) has been instrumental in initiating a number of
entrepreneurial activities in rural India. In Maharashtra 10, 39,000
hectares area under sugarcane cultivation especially in western
Maharashtra and 91 lakh million tonnes sugar production (2010-11). In
Satara district 70,538 hectares area under sugarcane cultivation and 10
sugar factories are run (2010-11). The first sugar factory was established
in 1957-58 namely ShriramSahakariSakharKarkhana Ltd. Phaltan.
Today 10 sugar factories crushed in Satara district. The increase in sugar
cultivated area and growth of sugar industry has manifold effects on
socio-economic conditions in the district. This attempt has been made to
2000-01 to 2009-10 area under sugarcane cultivation in Satara district.
Introduction In India, sugarcane is an important commercial crop. It is
widely grown is different parts of the country. Sugar industry occupies
an important place among organized industries in India. Sugar industry
one of the major agro-based industrial in India has been instrumental in
resource mobilization, employment generation and creating social
infrastructure in rural areas. At present there are 693 registered sugar
factories, which are mostly in co-operative sector; sugar industries can
provide number of growth centers in rural India. In India highest area
under sugarcane has brought socio-economic changes in rural India by
way of facilitating entrepreneurial activities such as dairies, poultries,
fruits and vegetables processing and providing educational, health and
credit facilities. The major sugarcane production is Maharashtra, Uttar
Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, West
Bengal, Rajasthan, Assam and Gujarat. Maharashtra is the second
largest sugarcane growing State in the country. It contributed 13.53 per
cent hectare to total area and 15.06 per cent to total production of
sugarcane in the country. The potential of Maharashtra has been shown
by the steady growth in area and production over the years. However,
the unceasing decline in productivity in recent decades is a cause of
great concern. Sugarcane is also the second most important cash crop
covering less than three per cent of the total cropped area of the State,
but it utilizes more than 60 per cent of the total water available for
irrigation in the State. In Maharashtra there are 124 sugar factories in co-
operative sector and 46 sugar factories are in private sector. No other
agro based industry can compete with it having great impact on the
economic conditions of the farmers, who constitute the bulk of share
holders of the factories, which are mostly in co-operative sector;
therefore sugar industries can provide number of growth centers in rural
Maharashtra. In Satara district has area under sugarcane cultivation
70538 hectares and 10 sugar factories during the year 2009-10. In Satara
district Karad, Satara, Phaltan and Koregaontahsils leading of sugarcane
producers.Sugarcane is widely grown in india. It provides employment
to over a million people directly or indirectly besides contributing
significantly to the national exchequer.
FACTS

AREA
Land suitability evaluation is prerequisite for assessing the limitations for
sustainable land use planning. We used ten site specific criteria (rainfall,
texture, drainage, soil depth, slope, distance to major road, distance to
nearest sugar mill, erosion hazard, risk of flooding and pH) and applied
weighted multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) technique in a geographic
information system (GIS) environment to evaluate land suitability for
sugarcane cultivation. India. The weightage of all the parameters was
calculated through fuzzy analytical hierarchy process. Sugarcane
suitability map was prepared integrating various parameters through
weighted overlay analysis. soil depth and erosion hazard were the major
limiting factors making the land unsuitable for sugarcane cultivation.
Therefore, areas should be given priority for land and soil restoration
efforts. The study showed effectiveness of integrated GIS and MCE
approach for land suitability analysis of sugarcane.

CLIMATE
Sugarcane is considered as essentially a tropical plant. It is a long
duration crop and thus it encounter all the seasons viz., Rainy, winter
and summer during it’s life cycle. The sugarcane plant grown best in
tropical hot sunny area. The “ideal” climate for production of maximum
sugar from sugarcane farming is characterized

It is a long duration crop and requires 10 to 15 and even 18 months to

mature, depending upon the geographical conditions. It requires hot and
humid climate with average temperature of 21°-27°C and 75-150 cm
rainfall.

In the latter half, temperature above 20°C combined with open sky helps
in acquiring juice and its thickening. Too heavy rainfall results in low
sugar content and deficiency in rainfall produces fibrous crop. Irrigation
is required in areas receiving lesser rainfall than the prescribed limit.
Short cool dry winter season during ripening and harvesting is ideal.

Frost is detrimental to sugarcane. Therefore, it must be harvested before

frost season, if it is grown in northern parts of the country where winters
are very cold and frost is a common phenomenon. On the other hand, hot
dry winds are also inimical to sugarcane.

It can grow on a variety of soils including loams, clayey loams, black

cotton soils, brown or reddish loams and even laterites. In fact,
sugarcane can tolerate any kind of soil that can retain moisture. But deep
rich loamy soils are ideal for its growth.

The soil should be rich in nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus but it should
not be either too acidic or too alkaline. Sugarcane exhausts the fertility
of the soil quickly and extensively and its cultivation requires heavy
dose of manures and fertilizers.-Flat plain or level plateau is an
advantage for sugarcane cultivation because it facilitates irrigation and
transportation of cane to the sugar mills.

It is a labour intensive cultivation requiring ample human hands at every

stage i.e. sowing, hoeing, weeding, irrigating, cutting and carrying
sugarcane to the factories. Therefore, cheap abundant labour is a
prerequisite for its successful cultivation.

SOIL

Soil testing before planting is desirable while setting up a sugarcane

farming as it help in determine the optimum quantity of macro and
micro nutrient application. Chemical constraints in the soils, such as
acidity and low fertility are relatively easy to correct or control.

A well drained, deep, loamy soil with a bulk density of 1.1 to 1.2g/cm
and total porosity with adequate balance between pores of various sizes,
is higher than 50% ground water tables below 1.5 to2.0m from soil
surface and an available water holding capacity of 15% or more. In
sugarcane farming, the optimum soil pH is about 6.5 but sugarcane can
tolerate considerable degree of soil acidity and alkalinity.
Land preparation

Every time a new crop is planted is absolutely essential to bring the soil
to fine tilth for proper germination of the sets and field emergence and
root growth. Tillage is the physical manipulation of the soil with
appropriate implement to loosen the surface soil layer.

MAINOBJECTIVE OF LAND PREPARATION IN SUGARCANE

FARMING ARE:-

1. To prepare a seed bed which permits optimal soil water air

relations.

2. To incorporate preceding crop residue and organic manures

3. To destroy weed and hibernating pest & disease organisms

4. To facilitate proper soil chemical and microbial activity

Tillage operation through tractor drawn implement are most ideal

and quick. For initial plough use either mould board plough or disc
plough. Whenever, soil turning is desired a mouldboard plough
should be used in sugarcane farming.
Planning method in sugarcane farming:

Basically there are 3 planting method in sugarcane farming which

are described below:

A) Ridge and furrow method

1. This is the most common method of sugarcane planting

followed in Maharashtra.

2. In this method this ridge and furrow are opened with the
help of ridge by keeping 120cm distance between furrow
in heavy soil and 105cm distance in light to medium soil.

3. Main and sub-irrigation channels are opened at

appropriate distance.

4. First sets are laid on the top ridge end and later planted in
furrow by two ways knows as wet method and dry method
of planting.

I. Wet method

This method is followed in light to medium soil. Irrigation is given

to the field before planting. Sets are planted by pressing 2.5to 5cm
deep in furrow with feet or hand. The sets are placed end to end by
facing buds on side.

II. Dry method

This method is followed in heavy soil to avoid the pressing as sets

deep into the soil. Sets are placed in the furrow end to end by
facing eye by facing eye buds on sides and covered by giving a
layer of soil. After completion of planting irrigation is given to the
field.

B) Flat bed method

1. Flat bed method of sugarcane planting is followed in

North India

2. The land is plough, harrowed, leveled and flat beds are

prepared.

3. Cane sets are laid down in the flat beds end to end in rows.

4. 60-90cm distance is kept between two rows depending

upon soil type.

5. They are pressed into soil with hand or feet to a depth

2.5to 5cm and covered with soil.
 6. At the time of planning care should be take that buds
should face on the sides otherwise lower buds cannot
germinate.

7. This method is followed where there is abundant moisture.

8. Earthing up operation is done in rainy season.

C) Rayungan method

1. Rayungan method is followed for adsail sugarcane

planting at River side field in heavy rainfall area of
kolhapur district.

2. In these areas usually cane field get flooded during rainy

season which affect on germination.

3. In such cases set cannot be planted directly in main field.

4. Single bud sets are planted vertically in nurseries which

are prepared high lying area of the farm in the month of
June July.

5. After six weeks the sprouts sets are transplants in the main
field when the danger of flooding is over.
Manures and fertilizer in sugarcane farming

1. Sugarcane is a long duration and heavy feeder crop thus,

manure requirements is very high.

2. The 25-50tons of FYM/ha is applied during the

preparation if land.

3. The recommended doses of fertilizer for adsail, pre-

seasonal
OLD CULTIVATION
The navtive method of sowing sugercane is to plough the land some 3 to
5 times , the plough going round and round the field and forming a fine
seed-bed about 10 to 15 cm deep.Next the field is leveled and the cutting
of seed cane are planted. New canes are usually planted by taking
cutting from old plants .
These cutting become establish and after a few days buds sprout to form
each plant ,and the sugercane then take from 1 to 2 years to mature.
Little work is done in the field while cane is growing ,except in the early
stages when plants are kept free of weeds.
Before the crops is harvested the field may be fire to burn off dead
foliage to get rid of pestsfrom the fields. The crop is then cut by
hand.The canes are loaded on to trucks or tractors or by any others fast
mean of tansportations to take them quickly to the mill for the
processing asearly as possible to preserve the high quality of suger.
Sugercaneisperennial crop and the same plants could contions to
produce cane formanyyears.
Thesuger mills are generally located near producing areas. Because
firsly, the suger deteriorates if it is not quickly processed and secondly,
suger account for only between 10 to 20 % of bulklysugercane and thus
it would be prohibitively expensive to transport cane over long distance
in its orginal form.
In a mills the cane is crushed, then boilled with lime to form crystallize
suger. By –product of the crushing process also have inportant users.
Molasses is used to make rum and industrial alcohol, while bagasses, the
cane residuce, can be used as a fuel for the mills, as cattle fodder as well
as a source of fiber in the paper and synthetic textile industries.
On the 30th day of the plantation when the sprouts are visible, he puts a
mixture of various nutrients at the root of each plant by digging a small
quench around it and then covers them too.
This process has to be repeated on day 65, day 85, day 105, day 135, day
165 and finally on day 225. One also has to keep removing the dead
leaves from the plants as and when required.
Suresh makes a separate drain beside the plantation drain to put these
dead leaves which work as green manure. Suresh has also set up an
example among the farmers to make the environment pollution free.

Maharashtra is the highest sugar producing state of India. Its sugarcane

yield in 2011-12 was 80.1 t/ha, compared to the yield of 59.6 t/ha for the
second highest sugar producing state Uttar Pradesh and national average
of 70.3 t/ha. The average sugar recovery rate of the four sugarcane
cultivation methods in Maharashtra was 11.32% in 2011-12, the
recovery rate of Adsali sugarcane was even higher at 12.3%. The
Maharashtra average was way above that of UP at 9.16% and all India
rate of 10.2%. In fact the land productivity adjusted for recovery rate is
even higher for Maharashtra at 98.8 t/ha (161.14 t/ha for Adsali)
compared to 61.04 t/ha for . The yield per month when adjusted for
recovery rate is 7.56 t/ha/month compared to 6.33 t/ha/month.

METHODS

The four sugarcane cultivation methods prevalent in Maharashtra,

Ratoon is most popular with 40% cane area under it, possibly since it
has shortest duration at 11 months, fitting almost perfectly with the
annual Oct to March cane crushing season. Same can be said about Suru
method, having duration of 12 months and coverage of 20%, both
methods requiring 22.5 irrigations, each of 7.5 cm depth. Adsali method
has the highest yield and recovery rate, but only 10% of the sugarcane
area is under this method, possibly since it has the longest duration at 17
months. It is most water intensive, requiring 32.5 irrigations. Pre-
seasonal method, as the name suggests, is planted about 2.5 months
before the season, and stands between Ratoon and Adsali in terms of
duration, yield and recovery rate.

Not burn the farm residue which comes up to 30 to 40 tonnes, and

instead, crushes them with the help of shredder and tractor or a power
tiller and then covers the farm with a layer of soil that was taken out
during the formation of the drains. This method has also helped to retain
the soil nutrient as the residue converts into green manure.
WATER COSUMPTION

The reason of sugarcane productivity in terms of water is higher is

simple: sugarcane crop is of shorter 9-10 months duration and requires
only 7-8 irrigations, approximately less than once a month. As against
this, Maharashtra sugarcane crop requires irrigation every 15 days and
that too for longer duration. To put it another way, while on average
Maharashtra needs 25 irrigations for sugarcane crop.

Considering water becomes even more important, looking at the kind of

impact sugarcane cultivation is having in Maharashtra this drought
season. Here it may be recalled that sugarcane is a long duration trans-
season crop that has implications for water consumption beyond the
point where decision for planting is taken. So even if the rainfall is
normal or above when the crop is planted, the same crop will continue to
have high water demand in the following year when it may be drought
year. This creates really serious implications for water availability in the
drought year particularly in drought prone, low rainfall areas. The
impact on water available becomes even more serious in a state like
Maharashtra where sugar mills are set up irrespective of water
availability, violating the norms of distances, where sugar factories
operate at way beyond their sanctioned capacity, where they violate the
norms of no more than 5% of cultivable land under sugarcane, they
dump untreated effluents into water bodies, thus polluting the water in
such water bodies and so on. The lock in becomes even more stronger
with the setting up of sugar mills, since their owners would like to get
maximum cane every year, irrespective of water availability situation.

SUGERCANE PRODUCATION IN MAHARASTRA

Maharashtra comes at the second place with an estimated sugarcane

production of 72.26 million tonnes in the year 2015-16, which is 20.52%
of the all-India sugarcane production. Total area of the state agricultural
land where sugarcane is grown is 0.99 million hectares of land, largely
consisting of black soil belt.
WATER CONSUMPTION
India is the second largest producer of this popular cash crop. It has one
of the longest growing periods and its growth can come to an untimely
halt if there is a shortage of water. Generally crops require 300-500mm of
rainfall/water for their growth; however, sugar cane requires 1,500-
2,500mm of rainfall/waterto complete the growth cycle. Therefore, the
crop requires 1500-3000 liters of water to produce a kilo of sugarcane! In
India, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra
Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Uttarakhand, and Punjab are the major
producers of this crop.

In theory there is a surplus of water produced in a sugar mill, which

must inevitably find its way out of the mill in an effluent stream. Apart
from water entering the mill in the cane, there may also be some
additional water in the form of service or raw water added. In most
sugar-producing countries, water management in sugar factories is a hot
issue as the industry is pressed to reduce its water consumption and the
emission of pollutants.

Water Pinch is a tool well known for studies of reducing water

consumption in the industries of processes . The major objective of the
Water Pinch study is to identify practical, technically feasible projects to
reduce water intake to the process and wastewater effluent at the plant,
so as to reduce annual operating costs .For any aqueous process
operation it is possible to construct a composite profile Of water demand
and wastewater effluents (sources). The profile is a scheme such a
construction, which graphically depicts the water sources and sinks in a
typical process,on purity versus flow axes. The point of contact between
the curves is called the pinch,which is a feature of the system that limits
the potential for water conservation. The area of overlap (shaded) shows
the scope for water reuse.
DATA OF SUGARCANE PRODUCTION FROM 1950 – 2010
YRS(OLD DATA)
DATA OF SUGARCANE PRODUCTION FROM 2010 – 2018(NEW
DATA)
TECHNIQUE IMPLEMANTED FOR
IMPOVEMENT :-
Scarcity of freshwater is affecting the productivity and
profitability of sugarcane growersand millers in India. One of
the world's thirstiest crops, approximately 25,000 kg of water is
needed to produce 100 kg of sugarcane. Unless farmers are
introduced to new methods for producing higher yields using
much less water,the country will find it difficult to meet the
growing demand for sugar.

Scarcity of freshwater is affecting the productivity and

profitability of sugarcane growers and millers in India.
As many as 35 million farmers in this country grow sugarcane
and rely on it for their livelihoods. Another 50 milliondependon
employment generated by the 571 sugar factories and other
related industries using sugar. In Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra,
and Tamil Nadu,sugarcane plays a major role in the state
economy.
During the last 10 years, sugarcane production in India has
fluctuated between 233 million tonnes and 355 million tonnes
per year
. Similarly, the productivity at the farm level is as low as 40
tonnes/ha. With such low yields and fluctuations in production,
and predictedincreases in the variability of rainfall due to
climate change, the industry is in for big trouble.

One of the world's thirstiest crops, approximately 25,000 kg

of water is needed to produce 100 kg of sugarcane. Unless
sugarcane farmers are introduced to newmethods for producing
higher yields using much less water,the country will find it
difficult to meet the growing demand for sugar.The Sustainable
Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) aims to:
provide practical options to farmers for improving
theproductivity of land, water, and labourreduce crop duration,
providing factories a longer crushing season and increased
employment opportunities for workersreduce the overall
pressure on water resources and ecosystems.

The SSI is a package of practices based on the principles of

‘more with less’ in agriculture.It stresses a practical approach
that originates from farmers and civil societyto improve
productivity while reducing pressures on natural resources.
It's estimated that by adopting SSI, a farmer will be able to
produce at least 20% more sugarcane while reducing water
inputs by 30% and chemical inputs by 25%.
ORGANIC CULTIVATION OF SUGARCANE

 Land preparation

Deep ploughing once or twice with disc plough followed by shallow

ploughing three or four times using cultivator.

The first thing that matters most is the soil where the crop will be grown.
The best quality sugarcane begins in March when he plants a green
manure called Sesbania, which is also known as also known as Dhaincha.
Once the plants are almost ready to start flowering, they are crushed with
the help of a power tiller or a tractor and mixed within the soil. A layer of
mud is put upon this, and a bed to plant sugarcane is prepared.

Dhaincha is a rich source of carbon, and its roots contain essential

nitrogen which provides the required nutrition to the soil.
  Spacing

Adopt minimum row spacing of 90 cm. For varieties the spacing can be
increased upto150 cm. Furrows must be formed at 20-30 cm deep.

 Organic manure

Apply farmyard manure or compost or well-decomposed press mud

at 80 t/ha either before last ploughing or in the furrows before
planting. However, the quantity of organic manure could be adjusted
in such a way to supply 280kgN/ha. Through one or more sources
like farmyard manure, compost, press mud etc., depending upon
their N content.

 Planting material
 Once the land is ready, deep drains that are about 10 inches to 1
feet, are dug at a distance of almost 5 to 6 feet from each other. It
is essential to put the fertilisers on the side of the drain where
sunrays fall directly.

Once the land is ready, deep drains that are about 10 inches to
1 feet, are dug at a distance of almost 5 to 6 feet from each
other. It is essential to put the fertilisers on the side of the
drain where sunrays fall directly.
Collect setts from 6-8months old disease free nursery crop. Two
budded setts are better than three-budded setts. It is always
advisable to collect the seed Material from organically grown
sugarcane crop.

 Sett rate and planting

By adopting 90cm spacing, 75,000 two-budded setts are required for

planting one hectare.

 Green manure intercrop

Sow green manure crops like daincha or sunhemp on one side of the ridges
on 3rd or 4th day after planting sugarcane and raise it as an intercrop with
sugarcane. Harvest and insitu incorporate the intercrop around 45 days
after transplanting.
  Weed management

Hand hoeing and weeding at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting. Follow
only non-chemical weed management technologies like hand weeding
and Mechanical weed control methods.

 Biofertilizers

Apply 5 kg each of Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria respectively

on 30 and 60 days after planting of sugarcane. Mix the biofertilizers
thoroughly with 500 kg/ha of farmyard manure to increase the
 bulkiness and apply. Give light earthing up and irrigate
immediately.

Plants need fertilisers, but one has to take care of the quality and the right
way of using them. He digs a small quench near the space where the seed
has to be planted and puts the essential fertilisers right at the roots of the
plant and covers it carefully with the soil. This technique ensures the plant
gets all the nutrients from its roots. It takes at least five farm labourers to
do this job, but one can see the positive results. cow dung first before
using it in the manure.

 Seed
For a good crop it is very important to select the right seeds.
Suresh suggests that farmers take up one eye seeds of sugarcane
of best quality. He then recommends that they wash the seeds
with a mixture of 20% chloro in one litre of water, then two gm
of bavistin in one-litre of water and finally 5-10 millilitre of
germinator in one-litre water. These seeds are then planted in the
drains by making a quench in the drains of about 3 inch deep at
a distance of 2.5 feet each.
About sugarcane cultivation CACP report:-
 As land and water are increasingly becoming scarce in India with
high opportunity costs. Therefore, the real resource cost of
growing sugarcane in different regions cannot be correctly
compared unless land productivity is normalised for the time
duration of crop, its water intake, and its recovery rate.

 CACP has calculated water productivity of different sugarcane

methods in Maharashtra and compared them with the water
productivity in maharashta. The average water productivity of
sugarcane in Maharashtra comes to 0.403 T/ha/month/’000
m3 water. This means that while seemed inefficient in sugarcane
productivity in everyway, Maharashtra is inefficient by 175.43%
when productivity per unit of water consumption is considered

 Water required per kg of sugar The CACP report further calculates

that in Maharashtra every kilogram of sugar needs 2068 litres of
water.

 CACP chairman Dr Ashok Gulati wrote that this water calculation

does not include the water used by sugar mills. If water used by
sugar mills and water used in further downstream processing is
included, the water consumption in sugar production is will go up
substantially.

 The CACP report says Maharashtra is further worse off in terms

of cost of providing water for sugarcane, “If this costing is
included in calculating water productivity, the difference in
sugarcane yields will be so high that, Uttar Pradesh and
presumably Bihar, would turn out to be the most efficient
producers of sugar per unit cost of water, adjusted for time
duration and recovery.
 CACP goes on to say that Maharashtra sugarcane grown on 3% of
the total cropped area of the state, takes away 60% of irrigation
water in the state, “leading to massive inequity in the use of water
within the state”. These figures might be slightly outdated
considering the expansion of sugar factories and sugarcane
cultivation in recent years.
State vice data of sugarcane production :-

S.No. State/ UT Sugarcane (Th. tonnes)

1 Uttar Pradesh 138481

2 Maharashtra 81870

3 Karnataka 41895

4 Tamilnadu 24463

5 Bihar 14131

6 Gujarat 14060

7 Andhra Pradesh + Telangana 13150

8 Haryana 7650

9 Punjab 7039

10 Uttarakhand 6135