5 rp =) 5 I ! i Discnarge | Threshole ey ! ve ft I ! I | am Vy 7 2 | sf oan ! I | reaser__[% [T t Ct | Seeyero0n | Sh | =", ssstineric | be ~~ sc, =10uF Figure 5 Circuit contig- ration for astble tier ‘operation, with a wire (an admittedly lousy lab technique ). Verify the voltage at the timer output with the DVM and check the polarity if the LEDs won't turn on and off as expected. Demonstrate your circuit to the laboratory assistant. Electronic Synthesizer Audio signals change periodically with time. For example, the music note Ay corresponds to a waveform that repeats with a frequency of 440 Hz or every 2.27 ms. We can use the 555 timer circuit to synthesize these signals. The configuration shown in Figure 5 shows the connections for astable operation of the timer, ie. the capacitor C is periodically charged and discharged by the circuit. Following the approach taken to design the on/off-timer, draw simplified circuit diagrams showing only the relevant components during the charging and discharging of C. Plot the waveforms at nodes 7, v2, and 2, asa function of time in the space below. Mark the voltage at the tripping points 4 ee 200LABSET p/nFigure 6 Circuit for Ry to produce eight different tones, Now derive separate expressions for v(t) during the charging and discharging phases of C. What values of Ra and Rg result in a 61 ys charging and 24 ys discharging time? What is the resulting repetition frequency f? Use C —1nF, Ra Re f= Weuse the same timer IC to generate several different frequencies simply by replacing resistor Rin Figure on the previous page with the circuit shown in Figure 6, If all momentary switches are open, the value of Rx — Rau To play a tune, close only one switch ata time. For S, closed, Ry — Rag || Rau, with $2 closed, Ry — Ras | Ress etc. Calculate the resistors values needed for the tones in the table below (suggestion: use Matlab, Excel, or another 5 ee 200LABSET p/nprogram you are familiar with). These frequencies realize an equal tempered scale, the most commonly used scale in western music, Use Rp =1k9 and C =: Tone Frequency Ay Ole By 494Hz Cs 28H Ds 587Hz Es 69H F698 Hz Cs 784Hz As 8B0IIz On. Simulate your circuit with SPICE before testing it in the laboratory (mandatory). Attach a printout of your SPICE schematic or netlist and plots of 0; (), v2(t), and v(t). Mark the values of T; (charging) and T, (discharging) in the plots. Model the speaker with an 8.0 resistor. Note: simulate more than one period in SPICE to let startup transients decay. Verify the supply voltage or value of R¢ to adjust the audio volume. Summarize your results in the table below: Tone Frequency Ay M0Hz By 4942. 698i As 880Hz Simulated [Hz] Measured [Hz] Explain differences and ask the lab assistant to verify your circuit. Obviously this synthesizer can be improved. The addition of more tones is straightforward. Two or more 555, timer ICs can be combined such that one sets the control voltage of the other to greatly expand the repertoire of tones that can be generated from siren like to the synthesis of the beat and imitation of different instruments. Good options for the class project. Password: