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Functions:
●
Larynx: maintains an open airway, routes food and air
appropriately, assists in sound production
●
Trachea: transports air to and from lungs
●
Bronchi: branch into lungs
●
Lungs: transport air to alveoli for gas exchange
The lungs have helpers
Figure 10.9
Alveoli
1. Oxygen is collected in each Alveoli (‘grape’). Passes through a very thin layer of
membrane (like skin of the grape) collected by the capillaries.
2. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is also dropped off at the alveoli.
Gas Exchange Between the Blood
and Alveoli
Figure 10.8A
Breathing and respiration
Respiration is the process used in all living things for gaining
energy. Energy is needed for keeping the vital organs working and
generally staying alive. It is also needed for moving muscles.
Keeping a constant body temperature is important to. Cell division,
reproduction and other important processes in the body all need
energy to work.
Breathing:
Breathing in >>> Inspiration
Diaphragm lowers and the ribs raise to increase the volume of the
thorax. The pressure decreases so air is drawn into the lungs.
Breathing out >>> Expiration
Diaphragm raises and ribs lower which decreases the volume of the
thorax. The pressure increases and air is forced out of the lungs
Anaerobic respiration
• When a person is doing very heavy exercise and the blood
cannot supply enough oxygen another sort of respiration occurs.
This converts glucose into energy without the need for oxygen
and is known as anaerobic respiration. The reaction is:
Most animals and plants use aerobic respiration as a primary source of energy.
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/GCSE_Science/Breathing_and_Respiration
Disorders of
Respiratory System
Reduced air flow: asthma, emphysema,
bronchitis
Infections: pneumonia, tuberculosis,
botulism
Lung cancer
Congestive heart failure
Cystic fibrosis
Cancer of the bronchus has spread into the lungs
(29)
A blue colouration occurs when blood circulation
is poor such as heart failure, shock and exposure
to cold environments.(30)
Stomach ulcers (dark brown)- alcohol and smoking
are factors. The stomach is cut open. (50)
Damaged toes due to poor blood circulation- will
lead to amputation (32)
Amputated fingers- often as a result of damage to
blood vessels due to smoking (33)
Lungs: The picture on the left is of emphysema
(large air sacs) and the picture on the right is of
normal lung.(27)