ENGINEERING ALLOYS

Chapter # 9

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Largest interstitial hole in
FCC = 0.104 nm
BCC = 0.072 nm
Dia. of C atom = 0.154
BCC is distorted to BCT

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Tempering temp. 400-700oC

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 NON-FERROUS
METALS & ALLOYS

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ALUMINUM

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•Natural
•Artificial

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General sequence of precipitation:

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1. Ingot shapes are Cast by Direct Chill Process
2. Scalping
3. Homogenizing
4. Hot rolling

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Advantages:
•Lightest structural metal
•Density: 1.74 g/cc (Aluminum: 2.7 g/cc)
•Useful for aerospace applications
Disadvantages:
•Cost; ~4 times that of Al
•Difficult to cast; more reactive; burns in air
•Low strength
•Poor resistance to creep, fatigue and wear
•HCP structure; difficult to deform at room temp.; only
three major slip systems available

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Mg alloys Designations

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Advantages:
• Relatively lightweight structural metal
• Density: 4.54 g/cc (Aluminum: 2.7 g/cc)
• Useful for aerospace applications
• Superior corrosion resistance in many environments
Disadvantages:
• Expensive; ~4 times that of Al; difficult to extract in pure state from its
compounds
• At high temp. combines with N, H, C, Fe; special techniques must be
used to cast and work
• HCP (α phase) at room temp.; transforms to BCC structure (β phase)
at 883oC
• Al and O stabilize α phase and increase α to β transformation temp.
• V and Mo stabilize β phase and decrease α to β transformation temp.

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