500 Basic CHINESE CHARACTERS A Cracking Course CHINESE - ENGLISH - VIETNAMESE Beijing Institute of Languages HOC VIEN NGON NGU BAC KINH Sp DAR BERR 5 OQ tee roa CO BAN The Most Practical & Cracking Elementary Course for Learning & Writing Essential Chinese Characters TONG HGP: LY CHiNH CHUYEN VIEN HOA VAN CAO CAP HIEU DiNH: TRAN MINH KHANH (M.A.) HQC VIEN NGON.NGU BAC KINH NHA XUAT BAN TREFirst Edition 2001 ISBN 7-80052-460-4 Copyright 2001 by Sinolingua Published by Sinolingua 24 Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing 100037, China Book Trading Corporation 85 Chegongzhuang Xilu, P.O. Box 399 Beijing 100044, ChinaLOI NOI DAU Nguti nuée ngoai hoc tiéng Han khé nhét 1A hoc chit. Chit Hén khé nh4n, khé doe, kh6 viét, kh6 nhé. Déi véi nhiing nguvi da quen véi logi cht ghép van, khi méi hoe tiéng Han, thi loai chit hinh khéi vudng ding 1A mét thi sdch trdi, méi chit 14 m6t hinkwyé thén bi. Chir Hén khé ¢ hai diém : Thit 1- $6 chit rét nhiéu, tong s0 c6ydén trén 5 van, chat thudng ding téi thiéu cing cé 3-4 nghin. Thit 2- Nhiéu nét, sau Khi gidh héa} cdc chtfthtiong dang trung binh van cdn dén 10 nét. Ngoai ra, d6i véi nhingyngudi, ma tiéng Ahead 1a chit ghép van, thi chit khéi vudng té y khéc xa véi ch’ ghép,vant Himh va aur tréng cha Hén thutng khéng gin lién véi nhau, vi du trong cdc cha &, 8 Wy Z, A, X, MOM, R, RM déu c6 cht 2, nhung céch doc lai rat khde nhau. Ngudi ta thugng cho ring cha Hén la té Phithye ka tha: Hén/cha yéu 1a tugng thanh, thutng vila td ¥ vila tugng thanh, cho nén*tye.ngthedledu “doe Bhi thi doc nita bén, di: cho nhém lan khéng lén qué troi”. Tuy nhiémehtt Han dién biéiyeho dén ngay nay, gitta hinh, am va nghia da khong cdn gan bé chat ché nila, eho.nén cén phdi ndm duge that nhiéu chit rdi so sdnh, suy ngdm méi hiéu duge... Nhiingingwoi nuée ngoai méi hoc thutmg phdi ce nhé ting hinh vé mét, cho nén higu qua’rat kém, hay viét sai, tham chf tao ra nhiing chit la rét budn cui. Cudn sch nay thit ép dung hinh thie ma ede hoe sinh nuée ngoai va thich, trong mét thdi gian ngén t@p trung va0/500/cha Han co ban nhat, trén co sé dé hoc thém chi méi sé thay d8 hon, vi ho 6 thé van dung cdc kién thie vé thanh phan cdu tao, b9 thi, phat am... 46 higu va nhé méipquan hé gitla hinh, am va nghia ciia chit Han. Vi du khi da ndém duge nghia ela ede thanh phén (ch) «™, A, W» sé dé dang hiéu duge cha # (tiic) trong tir 48 (bie xd), Chiing t0i thay odin huy dong moi phuong tign nhén biét, cd tu duy 16 gich, Ian tu duy hinh tugng 48 x4y ding kho chit Hén trong b9 nao cia nhtng ngudi méi hoc, c6 thé 4p dung moi hinh thie thi gidc, lién tuéng, so sénh, phan tich, hai am, hoang dudng.... Phuong phép hau higu nhat 1A khi néi vé mét chit sé dua ra mét sy ggi ¥ hod lién tudng. Vi du khi hoc chit % (khéng), s8 gyi ¥ cho ngudi hoc tuéng tuyng chit “Is (ahd) 4 dudi nhu con chim nhé, gach ngang 4 trén nhw 1a ban tay dé xuéng, khéng cho bay; hoe nhw cha & (tranh), hay tuing tuong 6 gitta 14 mét bie tranh, xung quanh 1a edi khung i. Chit: (sém), tudng tugng 1a mit troi H hay cdn é trén néc nha thd -f, nglita lA hay cdn sém; chit 4 doc thé nao? jin, hay