ANALYSIS OF BASE SHEAR OF HOLLOW

RECTANGLE BUILDING WITH VARYING

COURTYARD AREA
A Project Report Submitted
For the Partial Fulfilment of the Continuous Assessment of Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering
Course of MEGHNAD SAHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY under MAULANA ABUL KALAM
AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY for the Session 2015-2019

By

Name
Roll No. Reg. No.
SUMAN POLLEY 14201316002 of 2016-17

Under the Guidance of

PRASENJIT SANYAL
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology

Department of Civil Engineering

Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology
Kolkata: 700150
 Declaration

This Project Report titled “ANALYSIS OF BASE SHEAR OF HOLLOW RECTANGLE BUILDING WITH
VARYING COURTYARD AREA” is prepared and submitted for the partial fulfilment of the continuous
assessment of Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering Course of MEGHNAD SAHA INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY under MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY for the Session
2015-2019. It is declared that no part of said work has been presented or published elsewhere.

SUMAN POLLEY
Roll No. 14201316002

Date:
Place: Department of Civil Engineering
Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology

Kolkata: 700150
 RECOMMENDATION CERTIFICATE

It is hereby certified that this Project Report titled “ANALYSIS OF BASE SHEAR OF HOLLOW
RECTANGLE BUILDING WITH VARYING COURTYARD AREA” is prepared and submitted for the partial
fulfilment of the continuous assessment of Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering Course of
MEGHNAD SAHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY under MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF
TECHNOLOGY for the Session 2015-2019 under my supervision and guidance.

PRASENJIT SANYAL
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I’m thankful to PRASEJIT SANYAL sir, to provide me an opportunity

to work with him and also for guidance which enable me to
complete the project on ANALYSIS OF BASE SHEAR OF HOLLOW
RECTANGULAR BUILDING duly. I am extremely thankful to him for
giving me such a prompt support and guidance. I also would not
forget to remember my friends for their encouragement and for
their timely support and guidance till the completion of my project
work.
 ABSTRUCT

Structural analysis and seismic analysis required, which are integral

part of structural designing prior to construction of the structure.
Seismic analysis is the calculation of response of a structure
subjected to earthquake excitation. Seismic analysis required
various seismic data to carryout. In this project the seismic response
of the Rectangular hollow structure is investigate under earthquake
excitation expressed in the form of BASE SHEAR. The response is
analyses for G+10 building structure by using STAAD PRO software.

INTRODUCTION
The hype towards new architecture and height has been challenges.
Architectural reinterpretations of the building type, the high cost of
land in urban areas, the desire to prevent the disorganized
expansion, the need to preserve agricultural production, the
concept of skyscraper, influence of cultural significance and
prestige, have all contributed to force buildings upward. Today, it is
virtually impossible to imagine a major city without tall buildings.
The importance of tall buildings in the contemporary urban
development is without doubt ever increasing despite their several
undeniable negative effects on the quality of urban life. In this case
the stiffness of the structure is most important when building is
increasing its height. The reinforced concrete buildings are adequate
for resisting both the horizontal and vertical load.Highrise buildings
are continued to upward higher and higher facing strange loading
effects and very high loading values due to dominating lateral loads.
These days, the challenge of designing an efficient tall building has
considerably changed. The conventional approach to tall building
design in the past was to limit the forms of the buildings to a
rectangular shape mostly, but today, much more complicated
building geometries could be utilized. Thus, the effects of lateral
loads like wind loads, earthquake forces are attaining increasing
importance and almost every designer is faced with the problem of
providing adequate strength and stability against lateral loads.

OBJECTIVE & SCOPE

The prime objective of this work to development design guidance
for high rise building with different hollow shapes to control wind as
well as seismic excitation as a reference for architects, developers,
engineers and students. In this research the concepts of high-rise
buildings include the basic definition, design consideration and
lateral loads, modification of tall buildings are studied. The objective
is to check and design seismic response of building using STAAD Pro.
To provide safe building shape with comparative lower Base Shear
with maximum utility of the building.

SHEAR FORCE DUE TO SEISMIC ACTIVITY

The deformations of the frame elements vary in shape and

magnitude, as shown schematically in Figure for gravity loads and
lateral forces. The ends of a column in a frame subjected only to
gravity load remain basically plumb, unless the frame is extremely
irregular. In the case of lateral load, the upper end of the column
displaces horizontally with respect to the lower end a distance
denominated story drift. The order of magnitude of the column
lateral deformations is significantly less for gravity loads than for
lateral load.

SEISMIC BASE SHEAR

The maximum expected lateral force that will occur due to seismic
ground acceleration at the base of the structure in known as Base
Shear. Calculations of base shear (VB) depend on: soil conditions at
the site, weight of building, building stiffness, here it’s analyzed for
plus shaped structure with different perimeters and keeping the
total area is constant.
The base shear, or earthquake force, is given by the symbol “VB”.

So, BASE SHEAR (VB) = Ah X W

The weight of the Building is given as the symbol “W”.

Where Ah = Seismic co-efficient

 BUILDING MODELING
In this project this buildings are designed in conformity to the
INDIAN CODE OF PRACTICE for seismic load resistant design of
building. The buildings are fixed supported at the base. The buildings
were modeled using STAAD PRO design software.

20m

35m

.35x.3m
 DESCRIPTION OF SHAPES

Hollow Rectangular shape is made by varying inner rectangular area

by 5%, 10%,15%,20%,and keeping the total area (30 m X 20 m) and
perimeter constant. As a result we get following dimensions of shapes.

 SHAPE - 1
 SHAPE – 2 (+5%)

 SHAPE – 2 (+10%)
 SHAPE – 3(+15%)

 SHAPE NO-5(+20%)
 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

Elasticity of Concrete 21.785 kn/m3

Density of Concrete ϒc= 24 kN/m3
Density of Brick walls considered Brick= 20kN/m3

LOADING

Loads acting on the structure are dead load (DL), Live load and
Earthquake load (EL).

1. Self-weight comprises of the weight of beams, columns and slab

of the building.

2. Dead load: Wall load and floor load (IS 875(Part1))

Wall load= (unit weight of brick masonry X wall thickness X wall
height) = 20 kN/m3 X 0.235m X 3.5m
= 15 kN/m (acting on the beam)

Floor load= 3kn/m2

3. Live load: Floor load: 3kN/m2

4. Seismic Load:
Seismic zone: III (Z=0.36),
Soil type: I
Importance factor: 1.5
Response reduction factor: 3
Damping: 5%. IS 1893(Part-1):2002.
 LOADING COMIBINATION

The structure has been analyzed for load combinations considering

all the previous loads in proper ratio. Combination of self-weight,
dead load, live load and seismic load was taken into consideration
according to IS-code 875(Part 5). The results are analyzed for the
following combination.
1.2(DL + IL ± EL)

INNER AREA VARIATION MAXIMUM BASE SHEAR Fx CAUSED BY 1.2 (DL + LL + EL) KN
0% 5219.29
5% 5510.42
10% 5990.2
15% 6195.3
20% 6512.6

MAXIMUM BASE SHEAR Fx CAUSED BY

1.2 (DL + LL + EL) KN

6512.6
6195.3
5990.2
5510.42
5219.29

0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

 CONCLUSION

1. The result shows that when internal area is increased the base
shear value is also Increased, since base shear value is affected by
building mass.
2. The outer area is kept constant thus there is much difference in
inner rectangular area which is keep increasing by 5 % each.
3. Many factors, such as aesthetics, functionality, and the
requirements of city planning authorities, dictate the shape of a tall
building.
4. Because of the enormous variety of the possible shapes in building
design and their different interactions with the surrounding
structures, it is difficult to develop simple general rules for the
preference of shapes, but here we can see the similarity in changes
,here base shear varying linearly with building mass. When inner area
is increased mass of building structure decreased simultaneously

FUTURE SCOPE

 There is a possibilities to analysis to base shear with the varying

shape of structure with help of more advanced software like E-
TABS, which gives more prominent results.
 To make various structure with odd shapes and analyzing its
shear nature for better understanding of structural behaviors
with critical load combinations
 REFERENCE:

1. IS 1893(Part I) 2002; “Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake

Resistant Design of Structures”-Part-I, General Provisions and
Buildings, (Fifth Revision) Feb.2006. BIS, New Delhi
2. Behavior of Symmetric and Asymmetric Structure in High Seismic
Zone
Desai R.M1, Kurd V.G.2, Patel S.P.3, Bavane N.U.4
3. Analysis and Design of High Rise Building Frame Using Staad Pro
Tejashree Kulkarni1, Sachin Kulkarni2, Anjum Algur3, M. H. Kolhar4