v/;k; &1

çLrkouk
fiTtk gV ,d vesfjdh jsLrjka J`a[kyk vkSj varjkZ"Vªh;
erkf/kdkj gS ftls 1958 esa MSu vkSj ÝSad dkuhZ }kjk
LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA daiuh vius bVSfy;u&vesfjdu O;atu
esuw ds fy, tkuh tkrh gS] ftlesa fiTtk vkSj ikLrk 'kkfey
gSa] lkFk gh lkbM fM'k vkSj MslVZ HkhA fiTtk gV esa 31
fnlacj] 2018 rd nqfu;k Hkj esa 18]431 jsLrjka gSa] tks bls
LFkkuksa ds ekeys esa nqfu;k dh lcls cM+h fiTtk J`a[kyk
cukrs gSaA ;g ;e dh lgk;d gS! czkaM~l] badA nqfu;k dh
lcls cM+h jsLrjka daifu;ksa esa ls ,d gSA

ladYiuk

fof'k"V Nr ds vkdkj ¼"jsM :Q"½ vkSj ;gk¡ fn[kkbZ nsus

okyh 'kSyh ;w-,l- fiTtk gV~l dh [kkfl;r FkhA ¼,Fksal]
vksfg;ks esa ;g LFkku] 2009 esa fpf=r] 2013 esa can
gqvkA

phu

phu esa] fit~tk gV ¼ljyh—r phuh: traditional; ikjaifjd

phuh: p; fiuf;u: cks'ksax ds½ us ,d ifjofrZr O;olk; e‚My dk
mi;ksx fd;k] ftlesa pkdw vkSj dkaVs ds lkFk cf<+;k
Hkkstu dk ekgkSy is'k fd;k x;k vkSj phuh Lokn ds fy, ,d
1
foLrkfjr esuw [kkuiku dk mi;ksx fd;k x;kA 2008 rd] fit~tk
gV us jsLrjka vkSj forj.k LFkkuksa dk lapkyu fd;kA ml
o"kZ] daiuh us "fit~tk gV ,Dlçsl dh 'kq#vkr dh] tks
'ka?kkbZ] 'ksUtsu vkSj gkaXtks esa LFkku [kksy jgk
gSA] 160 jsLrjka 2005 esa 40 phuh 'kgjksa esa FksA 25]
2015 rd] fit~tk gV esa phu esa 1]903 jsLrjka FksA

lsfo;ks ,l pku ¼fifuu: psUg 'kksgksax½ vkSj phu ds lqij

daT;welZ ds ys[kd ekbdy tDdkSj: 1 fcfy;u dLVelZ D;k
pkgrs gSa vkSj bls dSls csprs gSa] mUgksaus crk;k fd
e/;e oxZ ds phuh fiTtk gkbu Vw Qkbu Mkbfuax" ds :i esa
vuqHko djrs gSa ] gkykafd fit~tk gV "phu dh lcls cM+h
vkSj lcls lQy fons'kh dStqvy&Mkbfuax psu FkhA

mRikn

mÙkjh vesfjdk esa] fiTtk gV dks fo'ks"k :i ls cspk x;k gS:

iSu fiTtk] ,d [kLrk fdukjs ds lkFk iSu esa ids gq,; Hkjoka
ØLV fiTtk] ckgjh fdukjs ds lkFk ekstsjsyk pht ds flysaMj
ds pkjksa vksj yisVk tkrk gS; "gkFk ls Qsad fn;k"] ikjaifjd
fit~tsfj;k ØLV~l dh rjg; iryh ',u fØLih"] ,d iryh] dqjdqjk
vkVk tks fiTtk gV dh ewy 'kSyh Fkh; fMfIiu dh LVªkbIl
fiTtk] NksVh fLVªIl esa dkVs tkus okyk fiTtk ftls dbZ l‚l

2
esa Mqcks;k tk ldrk gS; vkSj bldk lcls cM+k mRikn]
fcxQqV fiTtk gSA

Hkjoka&ØLV fiTtk 26 ekpZ] 1995 dks is'k fd;k x;k FkkA

lky ds var rd] ;g mudh lcls yksdfç; ykbuksa esa ls ,d cu
x;k FkkA ]

mRiknksa vkSj fBdkuksa esa {ks=h; varj ns[kk tkrk gSA

[„ the] daiuh us nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k esa ,d csDM jkbl fM'k
ftls djh tSty dgk tkrk gS] ds lkFk LFkkuh; dj fn;k gSA

9 ebZ] 2008 dks] fit~tk gV us "n uspqjy" fit~tk cuk;k]

ftlesa çk—frd vo;oksa dks fpf=r fd;k x;k vkSj fl,Vy] Msuoj
vkSj Mykl esa cspk x;kA bls 27 vDVwcj] 2009 dks Mykl
cktkj esa can dj fn;k x;k FkkA [31]

fiTtk gV us varfj{k Hkkstu ds :i esa mi;ksx ds fy, ,d fiTtk

fodflr fd;k] ftls 2001 esa varjkZ"Vªh; varfj{k LVs'ku esa
forfjr fd;k x;k FkkA LVs'ku ds vksou esa fQV gksus ds fy,
bls oSD;we&lhy fd;k x;k vkSj yxHkx 6 bu ¼15 lseh½
O;klA bls lks;wt ij y‚Up fd;k x;k vkSj ;wjh mlkdkso }kjk
d{kk esa [kk;k x;kA

gky ds o"kksaZ esa] J`a[kyk us equkQs esa fxjkoV ns[kh

gSA 2015 esa] ÝSapkbth us dgk fd og viuh yanu
'kk[kkvksa esa vf/kd iwath yxk,xkA fiTtk gV viuh "uanks
3
dh ih<+h" dks okil thrus ds fy, £ 60 fefy;u dh cksyh ds
fgLls ds :i esa viuh yanu 'kk[kkvksa esa d‚dVsy ckj
LFkkfir dj jgk gSA

tuojh 2019 esa] fiTtk gV us ?kks"k.kk dh fd mlus

xfeZ;ksa ds nkSjku 1]000 LFkkuksa rd foLrkj djus dh
;kstuk ds lkFk] iwjs vesfjdk esa 300 LFkkuksa ij ch;j forj.k
dk foLrkj fd;k gSA [35]

ekpZ 2019 esa] fiTtk gV us dbZ o"kksaZ ds varjky ds

ckn P'zone dh okilh dh ?kks"k.kk dhA [36]

la;qä jkT; vesfjdk

fiTtk gV dk igyk Vsyhfotu def'kZ;y 1965 esa fofcVk esa

gSjh Ø‚ ,tsalh ds fy, c‚c okYVj'ksDV }kjk fufeZr fd;k x;k
Fkk] vkSj "iqV iqV Vw n fiTtk gV" dk gdnkj FkkA foKkiu]
tks ,d iqjkuh fQYe dh rjg fn[krk gS] vkSj j‚u fofy;El] ¼ml
le; dsdsbZ&Vhoh ds fy, mRiknu çca/kd½ }kjk fuHkk, x,
lwV vkSj VkbZ esa ,d vkneh dks 'kkfey djrk gS] D;ksafd
og 1965 ds eLVSax tsvkj dks Mªkbo djuk 'kq: dj nsrk
gSA fiTtk gV esa] tgka og iM+ksl ds cPpksa]
okYVlZfM,V vkSj mudh csVh vkSj gSjh Øks vkSj
dsdsbZ&Vhoh ds fofHkUu deZpkfj;ksa }kjk fpf=r fofHkUu
4
çdkj ds 'kgjokfl;ksa }kjk ihNk fd;k tkrk gSA og viuk fiTtk
mBkrk gS vkSj vius ?kj okil pyk tkrk gS] tgka mlds lHkh
fiTtk 'kgjokfl;ksa }kjk [kk;k tkrk gS blls igys fd og ,d
dkVus ys tk ldrk gS] ftlls og vkneh dks ijs'kku djrk gS
D;ksafd og fiTtk gV dks fQj ls cqykrk gSA foKkiu igyh ckj
19 uoacj] 1966 dks uksVªs Mse cuke fef'kxu LVsV "xse
v‚Q n lsapqjh" ds gkQVkbe ds nkSjku çlkfjr gqvk vkSj
blus ÝSapkbth ds fy, ukVdh; :i ls fcØh c<+kbZA "iqV iqV
Vw n fit~tk vkB lky rd Vhoh ij pyk vkSj bls fDy;ks vokMZ
ds fy, ukekafdr fd;k x;kA [… to]

2007 dh 'kq#vkr rd] fit~tk gV dk eq[; foKkiu ukjk Fkk

"xksy n xqM lkeku"] vkSj "vc ;w vkj bZfVax!" 2008 ls
2009 rdA [m)j.k okafNr] 2009 ls 2012 rd] foKkiu dk ukjk
Fkk "vkidk ilanhnkA vkidk fiTtk gV" [m)j.k dh t:jr] 2012 ls
2016 rd] foKkiu dk ukjk "bls egku cuk,a"] 1980 ds n'kd dk
cnyko FkkA &1995 dk ukjk "ekdu ';g cgqr vPNk gS!"A
[m)j.k okafNr] 1995 ls 1999 rd dk ukjk Fkk] "vkidks og
lkeku ilan vk,xk tks ge" ls cuk gSA [m)j.k okafNr] orZeku
esa foKkiu dk ukjk gS "dksbZ Hkh ,d vkmVlkbt ugha
gSA >ksiM+h "[ç'kfLr i= dh t:jr]

5
fiTtk gV esa ,d vkf/kdkfjd varjjk"Vªh; 'kqHkadj ugha gS]
ysfdu ,d le; esa] vesfjdk esa foKkiuksa dks "n fiTtk 'kks
'kks" dgk tkrk FkkA ;s foKkiu 1991 ls 1999 rd pys vkSj
1970 ds var esa 'kfuokj dh jkr ykbo ls feLVj fcy Ldsp ij
vk/kkfjr FksA foKkiuksa esa "fiTtk gsM" uked V‚fiax ls
cus psgjs ds lkFk fiTtk dk ,d VqdM+k fn[kk;k x;k FkkA
1970 ds n'kd esa] fiTtk gV us "fiTtk gV ihV" uked ,d t‚yh
vkneh ds lkFk gLrk{kfjr yky Nr dk mi;ksx fd;kA ihV
cPpksa ds fy, cSx] di] xqCckjs vkSj gkFk dh dBiqrfy;ksa
ij FkkA 1990 ds n'kd ds e/; esa v‚LVªsfy;k esa] foKkiu
'kqHkadj ,d fMyhojh c‚; Fkk] ftldk uke MkSxh Fkk] ftlesa
vPNk fn[kus okyk yM+dk Fkk] tks vius firk dks fiTtk nsrk
Fkk] og dSpÝst lqurk gS ";gk¡ ,d fVi gS: viuh ek¡ ds fy,
vPNk gS"A bu foKkiuksa ds çHkko dks tksM+rs gq,]
MkSxh dh Hkwfedk çfl) v‚LVªsfy;kbZ lksi vksisjk vkSj
iqfyl Mªkek vfHkusrk Mk;feM gsMsufjp }kjk fuHkkbZ xbZ
FkhA [m)j.k okafNr]

fiTtk gV us fQYe cSd Vw n ¶;wpj ikVZ II ¼1989½ dks

çk;ksftr fd;k vkSj fiTtk gV fiTtk dh [kjhn ds lkFk "lksyj

6
'ksM~l" ds :i esa tkus tkus okys ¶;wpfjfLVd luXyklsl dh ,d
eq¶r tksM+h dh is'kd'k dhA fiTtk gV Hkh fQYe ds Hkhrj
mRikn IyslesaV esa yxs gq, gSa] muds yksxks dk Hkfo";
laLdj.k muds VªsMekdZ okys yky gV ds lkFk gS] tks
eSdQyh ifjokj ds [kkus ds –'; esa ,d ekbyj fMgkbMªsVsM
fiTtk jSij ds fdukjs ij eqfær gS] vkSj fgy oSyh esa ,d
LVksj ds lkeus fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa o"kZ 2015 [39]

1990 ,ubZ,l [ksy fd'kksj mRifjorhZ fuatk dNq, f}rh;:

vkdsZM xse] ,d eq¶r fiTtk ds fy, ,d dwiu ds lkFk vk;k
FkkA [ksy fiTtk gV foKkiu ¼mRikn IyslesaV ds lkFk igyh
ckj lkaRouk ohfM;ks xse½ vkSj fiTtk ls Hkjk Fkk tks pfj=
ds thou dks fQj ls Hkj nsxkA [m)j.k okafNr]

1995 esa] MksukYM VªEi vkSj mudh iwoZ iRuh bokuk

VªEi ,d okf.kfT;d esa fn[kkbZ fn,A okf.kfT;d ds vafre –';
esa bokuk us vkf[kjh Lykbl ds fy, iwNk] ftlds fy,
MksukYM us tokc fn;k] "okLro esa fç;] vki dsoy vk/ks ds
gdnkj gSa"] ;qxy ds gkfy;k rykd ij ,d ukVdA [40]

1995 esa] fjaxks LVkj ,d fiTtk gV okf.kfT;d esa fn[kkbZ

fn;k] ftlesa n eksudst Hkh FkkA j'k fyEckx ds lkFk ,d
7
okf.kfT;d mlh o"kZ ls rkjh[k djrk gS] ftlesa og nkok djrk
gS fd "dksbZ Hkh eq>ls T;knk lgh ugha gS]" fQj Hkh og
igyh ckj dgrk gS fd og dqN xyr djsxk] tks fiTtk gV esa
Hkkx ysuk Fkk "igys fiTtk ØLV [kkuk "vfHk;ku muds
Hkjoka&fiTtk ls lacaf/kr gSA

1999 esa] mn~?kks"kd dgrs gSa] fcx U;w ;‚dZj fiTtk

d‚ef'kZ;y esa ,d Nr ij ",d Nr ds uhps lcls vPNk fiTtk" tks fd
PlayStation Pizza Hut Demo Disc 1 ij ns[kk x;k gSA blds
vykok] 1999 esa] Sega Dreamcast ds fy, Østh VSDlh
esa fiTtk gV ,d esa ls ,d FkkA ftu LFkkuksa ij f[kykM+h
Mªkbo djus vkSj xzkgdksa dks NksM+us esa l{ke FksA
gkykafd] xse ds 2010 esa vkSj PlayStation usVodZ ds fy,
fQj ls fjyht fd;k x;k] lHkh mRikn IyslesaV] ftuesa fit~tk gV
LFkku Hkh 'kkfey Fks] gVk fn, x,A

2007 dh 'kq#vkr esa miHkksäk ds fy, foi.ku ds dbZ vkSj

vf/kd baVjSfDVo rjhdksa esa fiTtk gV FkkA
eksckby&Qksu ,l,e,l rduhd vkSj muds MyHut v‚MZfjax
lkbV dk mi;ksx djrs gq,] mUgksaus dbZ Vsyhfotu
foKkiuksa ¼lqij ckmy ds Bhd igys 'kq:½ dks fNik, gq,
'kCnksa ls ;qä fd;k ftls n'kZd dwiu çkIr djus ds fy, vius

8
Qksu esa Vkbi dj ldrs FksA vU; vfHkuo ç;klksa esa mudk
"ekbLisl VsM" vfHk;ku 'kkfey Fkk] ftlus lks'ky usVofdaZx
dh yksdfç;rk dk ykHk mBk;k] vkSj muds mi&jk"Vªifr fiTtk
çfr;ksfxrk ds ek/;e ls mi;ksxdrkZ&tek djus okys foi.ku
vkanksyu dks c<+kok fn;kA

;wukbVsM fdaxMe

fiTtk dh fMyhojh gkaxdkax esa gqbZ

V‚d 'kks estcku

çk;kstd

;g vuqHkkx dks lR;kiu ds fy, vfrfjä ç'kalk i= dh t:jr gSA —

i;k fo'oluh; ys[kksa ds m)j.k tksM+dj bl ys[k dks csgrj
cukus esa lgk;rk djsaA fcuk lw=ksa dh lkexzh dks
pqukSfr nsdj gVk;k tk ldrk gSA

lw=ksa dk irk yxk,a: & lekpkj i= 5 iqLrdsa 6 fo}ku ¼flracj

2015½ ¼bl VsEiysV lans'k dks dSls vkSj dc gVk,a½
tkusa

1990 ds n'kd dh 'kq#vkr esa] isIlhdks ds çk;kstu ds fgLls

ds :i esa fte ysgjj ¼vkSj blds iwoZ eksfudj] n eSduhy /
yhgj U;wtg‚j½ ds çk;kstd ds :i esa] fiTtk gV dks VSdks

9
csy vkSj ds,Qlh ds lkFk Lohdkjksfä esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k
Fkk] tks ml le; isIlhdks ds LokfeRo esa FkkA

2000 esa] fit~tk gV rRdkyhu NASCAR di lhjht esa

xSysDlh eksVjLiksVZ~l ds # 75 QksMZ dk ,d ikVZ&Vkbe
Li‚Ulj Fkk] tks oSyh MysucSp twfu;j }kjk lapkfyr FkkA

fiTtk gV vaxzsth QqVc‚y Dyc Qqyge ,Qlh ds 'kVZ çk;kstd

FksA 2001–02 lhtu ds fy,

Vsjh ycksUVs us 2005 esa viuh # 44 dkj ds çkFkfed

çk;kstd ds :i esa fiTtk gV ds lkFk p;fur ?kVukvksa dks
pykbZA

fiTtk gV us 2005 esa vius mn~?kkVu ls igys estj yhx l‚dj

Dyc ,Qlh Mykl ds LVsfM;e] fiTtk gV ikdZ ds ukedj.k
vf/kdkj [kjhns] ftUgsa tuojh 2012 esa lekIr djus dh vuqefr
nh xbZ FkhA

fit~tk gV ;wds esa 2007&08 bZvkbZ,p,y lhtu ds fy,

U;wdSly foilZ vkbl g‚dh Vhe dk çk;kstd gSA

fiTtk gV us ,uhes lhjht dksM xht çk;ksftr fd;k; bls J)katfy

ds :i esa] J`a[kyk ds ik=ksa esa ls ,d lh-lh- vius fiTtk dks
yxkrkj v‚MZj djsaxs ;k fiTtk gV ds tkikuh eLdV "pht&dqu"

10
tSlk fn[kus okyk ,d rfd;k xys yxk ysaxs tcfd ml le; mudk
yksxks nwljs lhtu ds igys ,filksM esa fn[kkbZ fn;k FkkA

vDVwcj 2015 esa] fit~tk gV us Mykl ekosfjDl] Mykl LVklZ

vkSj vesfjdu ,;jykbal lsaVj ds lkFk çk;kstu lkSnksa ij
gLrk{kj fd,A

Qjojh 2018 esa] fiTtk gV us us'kuy QqVc‚y yhx ds fy,

vkf/kdkfjd fiTtk çk;kstd cuus ds fy, ,d çk;kstu lkSns ij
gLrk{kj fd,A

ftysV esa ,d fiTtk gV ds lkeus ,d fiTtk gV&Fkhe okyh

fyfVy Ýh ykbczsjh

fiTtk gV us cqd bV dks çk;ksftr fd;k gS! 1985 ls bls

i<+uk&çksRlkgu dk;ZØe 'kq: gqvkA [53] tks Nk= d{kk
f'k{kd }kjk fu/kkZfjr y{; ds vuqlkj fdrkcsa i<+rs gSa]
vDVwcj ls ekpZ rd fdlh Hkh eghus esa] mUgsa ,d Ýh]
,d&V‚fiax ilZuy iSu fiTtk ds fy, fiTtk gV çek.k i= ls iqjL—r
fd;k tkrk gS; vkSj ftl d{kk ds Nk= lcls vf/kd fdrkcsa i<+rs
gSa] mUgsa fiTtk ikVhZ ls iqjL—r fd;k tkrk gSA

dqN euksoSKkfudksa }kjk bl dk;ZØe dh vkykspuk dh

xbZ gS fd blls cPpksa ij vR;kpkj c<+ ldrk gS vkSj i<+us
esa cPpksa dh vkarfjd #fp de gks ldrh gSA mls cqd dj
yks! 2007 esa ,d O;kolkf;d&eqä cpiu ds vfHk;ku }kjk Hkh
11
vkykspuk dh xbZ Fkh ftlus bls "d‚iksZjsV vesfjdk ds lcls
diVh Ldwy&vk/kkfjr czkaM çpkjksa esa ls ,d" ds :i esa
of.kZr fd;kA lewg }kjk mRikfnr ,d iSEQysV us bl dk;ZØe
dk rdZ fn;k fd ,d canh cktkj esa tad QwM dks c<+kok
fn;k] fiTtk gV ds fy, f'k{kdksa dks çeksVjksa esa 'kkfey
fd;k] vkSj ekrk&firk dks de djds vius cPpksa dks lk{kj
cukus ds fy, J`a[kyk dk ,d vfHkUu vax cuk fn;kA [55]
gkykafd] dk;ZØe ds ,d v/;;u esa dk;ZØe esa Hkkxhnkjh
dks u rks c<+k;k x;k vkSj u gh i<+us dh çsj.kk esa deh
vkbZA 2010 esa dk;ZØe dh 25 oha o"kZxkaB FkhA n
cqd bV! v‚LVªsfy;k esa dk;ZØe 2002 esa can gks x;kA

vkykspuk

;wukbVsM fdaxMe esa] fiTtk gV dh vDVwcj 2007 esa

vius Hkkstu dh mPp ued lkexzh ds fy, vkykspuk dh xbZ
Fkh] ftuesa ls dqN esa ,d o;Ld ds fy, ued dh nSfud
vuq'kaflr ek=k ls nksxquk ls vf/kd ik;k x;k FkkA fiTtk
V‚fiax ¼gSe] l‚lst] csdu bR;kfn½ ds fy, miHkksäk tks ehV
ekaxrs gSa] os oSls gh uedhu vkSj olk;qä ehV gSaA

12
[kk| ekud ,tsalh 2010 dks [kk| inkFkksaZ esa ued ds Lrj
ds fy, y{; iwjk djus ds fy,] 2008 vkSj 2010 ds chp] daiuh
us vius esuw esa 15 ls vf/kd ued dks gVk fn;kA

2010 esa] fiTtk gV dh vkykspuk dh xbZ Fkh] tc rkM+ ds

rsy ds vius vkiwfrZdrkZ] flukj ekl dks voS/k :i ls LySe
djus vkSj baMksusf'k;k ds LoxZ ou dks tykus ds fy,
rkM+&rsy ds ckxku yxkus ds fy, mtkxj fd;k x;k FkkA

tqykbZ 2014 esa] fMyhojh Mªkbojksa us 1938 ds Qs;j

yscj LVSaMMZ ,DV ds mYya?ku esa "fcuk
v‚Vkseksckby ds [kpsZ ds dkj.k U;wure osru ls de dh
etnwjh nsus okys usV MªkbolZ dk Hkqxrku fiTtk gV ij ,d
Dykl&,D'ku eqdnek nk;j fd;kA fiTtk gV }kjk uoacj 2015
esa c[kkZLr fd, x, ekeys dk ,d ç;kl foQy jgkA fnlacj 2016
esa] bl ekeys us fyadksfop cuke dSfiVy fiTtk gV~l] badA]
,V vyA] ,,, dsl uacj 01&14&0001&6513 dks e/;LFkrk }kjk
r; fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlesa fiTtk gV us gtkZuk vnk fd;k FkkA

13
 \

v/;k; &2
daiuh çksQkby

fiTtk gV ,d vesfjdh jsLrjka J`a[kyk vkSj varjkZ"Vªh;

erkf/kdkj gS ftls 1958 esa MSu vkSj ÝSad dkuhZ }kjk
LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA daiuh vius bVSfy;u&vesfjdu O;atu
esuw ds fy, tkuh tkrh gS] ftlesa fiTtk vkSj ikLrk 'kkfey
gSa] lkFk gh lkbM fM'k vkSj MslVZ HkhA fiTtk gV esa 31
fnlacj] 2018 rd nqfu;k Hkj esa 18]431 jsLrjka gSa] tks bls
LFkkuksa ds ekeys esa nqfu;k dh lcls cM+h fiTtk J`a[kyk
cukrs gSaA ;g ;e dh lgk;d gS! czkaM~l] badA nqfu;k dh
lcls cM+h jsLrjka daifu;ksa esa ls ,d gSA

fiTtk gV ,Dlçsl lkbu vkSj yksxks

fiTtk gV dks dbZ vyx&vyx jsLrjka çk:iksa esa foHkkftr

fd;k x;k gS: ewy ifjokj&'kSyh Mkbu&bu LFkkuksa ;;
LVksjÝaV fMyhojh vkSj dSjh&vkmV yksds'ku vkSj
gkbfczM yksds'ku ftuesa dSjh&vkmV] fMyhojh vkSj
Mkbu&bu v‚I'ku gSaA dqN iw.kZ vkdkj ds fiTtk gV
14
LFkkuksa esa ,d yap cqQs gS] ftlesa "v‚y&;w&dSu&bZV
fiTtk] lykn] MslVZ vkSj czsM fLVd vkSj ,d ikLrk ckj gSA
fiTtk gV esa LVksj çdkj ls Lora= vU; O;kolkf;d vo/kkj.kk,a
gSaA

2004 esa ,d fit~tk d‚UlsIV dk vukoj.k fd;k x;k] ftls fit~tk gV

bVSfy;u fcLVªks dgk x;kA 50 vesfjdh LFkkuksa ij]
fcLVªks ,d ikjaifjd fit~tk gV ds leku gS] ftlesa esU;w ds
u,] brkyoh&Fkhe okys O;atu tSls fd isuk ikLrk] fpdu
i‚eksMksjks vkSj VksLV lSaMfop 'kkfey gSaA 19] dkys]
lQsn vkSj yky jax ds ctk;] fcLVjks LFkkuksa esa ,d
cjxaMh vkSj VSu vk—fr gSA 20] fiTtk gV fcLVªksl vHkh

15
Hkh J`a[kyk ds ikjaifjd fiTtk vkSj i{kksa dh lsok djrs gSaA
dqN ekeyksa esa] fiTtk gV us ubZ vo/kkj.kk ds lkFk "jsM
:Q" LFkku dks cny fn;k gSA fiTtk gV ,Dlçsl" vkSj "n gV"
LFkku QkLV QwM jsLrjka gSaA os dbZ mRiknksa ds
lkFk ,d lhfer esuw is'k djrs gSa tks ikjaifjd fiTtk gV esa
ugha ns[ks tkrs gSaA bu LVksjksa dks vDlj la;qä jkT;
vesfjdk vkSj dukMk esa WingStreet] ;k ds,Qlh ;k VSdks
csy tSls vU; HkkbZ&cguksa ds lkFk ,d d‚yksds'ku esa
j[kk tkrk gS] vkSj d‚yst dSail] QwM dksVZ] Fkhe ikdZ]
c‚fyax ,yht vkSj VkjxsV tSls LVksj ds Hkhrj feyrs gSaA

vkfdZVsDV fjpMZ MhA cdZ }kjk fMtkbu fd, x, foaVst

LFkku la;qä jkT; vesfjdk vkSj dukMk esa ik, tk ldrs gSa;
;wds] v‚LVªsfy;k vkSj eSfDldks esa dbZ ekStwn gSaA
v‚jsat :V~l] xksYMu vkpsZl] fQfyi ySaxMu us viuh iqLrd
esa fy[kk gS fd fiTtk gV vkfdZVsDpj ",d vthc oLrq gS &
ftls egRoiw.kZ okLrqdyk ds nk;js ls ckgj ekuk tkrk gS] fQj
Hkh ;g yksdfç; Lokn esa cnyko dks n'kkZrk gS vkSj
fufoZokn :i ls çHkko Mky jgk gSA nSfud thouA ;s bekjrsa
'kk;n gh dHkh okLrq if=dkvksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrh gSa] fQj
Hkh os vkt la;qä jkT; vesfjdk esa lcls vf/kd vkSj dqN
fof'k"V cu x, gSaA

16
dcZM M‚V d‚e dh fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS] "fiTtk gV ds
fMys dks can djus ds QSlys ds ckotwn tc mUgksaus
fMyhojh dh vksj #[k fd;k] rc Hkh 2004 dh 6]304 ikjaifjd
bdkb;k¡ [kM+h Fkha] ftuesa ls çR;sd NfrxzLr Nr vkSj
Vªsikst‚bMy f[kM+fd;ksa ds cjkcj cjkcj miuxjh; vkjke vkSj
fLVªi&e‚y dks n'kkZrh FkhaA anomieA ;g fuekZ.k 'kSyh
1960 ds n'kd ds var vkSj 1970 ds n'kd dh 'kq#vkr esa
vke FkhA "jsM :Q" dk uke vc dqN gn rd vyx gS] D;ksafd
dbZ LFkkuksa ij Hkwjs jax dh Nrsa gSaA ntZuksa can
gks x, gSa ;k LFkkukarfjr gks x, gSa ;k fQj ls cuk, x,
gSaA

17
dbZ 'kk[kkvksa esa ch;j gksrh gS ;fn ,d iw.kZ ckj ugha] ,d
T;wdc‚Dl ls laxhr] vkSj dHkh&dHkh ,d vkdsZMA 1980 ds
n'kd ds e/; esa] daiuh fMyhojh ;k dSjhvkmV vkSj QkLV
QwM ",Dlçsl" e‚My lfgr vU; lQy çk:iksa esa pyh xbZA

bfrgkl

igyk fiTtk gV ¼fp=½ 15 twu] 1958 dks fofpVk] dalkl esa

[kksyk x;k FkkA fiTtk gV dh LFkkiuk twu 1958 esa fofpVk
LVsV ;wfuoflZVh ds nks Nk=ksa] Hkkb;ksa MSu vkSj
ÝSad dkuhZ] us fofpVk] dalkl esa ,d ,dy LFkku ds :i esa
dh FkhA Ng eghus ckn mUgksaus nwljk vkmVysV
[kksyk vkSj ,d lky ds Hkhrj muds ikl Ng fit~tk gV jsLrjka
FksA Hkkb;ksa us 1959 esa Ýsapkbt djuk 'kq: fd;kA

çfrf"Br fiTtk gV fuekZ.k 'kSyh dks 1963 esa f'kdkxks ds

okLrqdkj t‚tZ fyaMLVª‚e }kjk fMtkbu fd;k x;k FkkA isfIldks
us uoacj 1977 esa fit~tk gV dk vf/kxzg.k fd;kA

2015 esa can gksus ls igys] lcls iqjkuk yxkrkj pyus okyk
fiTtk gV eSugêu] dSull esa Fkk] tks fd dSull LVsV
;wfuoflZVh ds ikl ,xhfoys ds :i esa tkuk tkrk FkkA felhflih
unh ds iwoZ esa igyk fit~tk gV jsLrjka ,Fksal] vksfg;ks
esa 1966 esa y‚jsal ccZjhd vkSj xSjh es;lZ }kjk [kksyk x;k
FkkA
18
fiTtk gV dh varjkZ"Vªh; mifLFkfr esa mÙkjh vesfjdk]
Hkkjr esa dukMk vkSj esfDldks 'kkfey gSa ¼fiTtk gV
fMohtu esa ugha] cfYd ;e! Hkkjr fMohtu esa½]
ckaXykns'k] ikfdLrku] v‚LVªsfy;k ] U;wthySaM] ;wukbVsM
fdaxMe] LohMu] u‚osZ] fQuySaM] teZuh] Lisu] rqdhZ]
nf{k.k vÝhdk] gksaMqjkl] dksLVk fjdk] vy lYokMksj]
XokVsekyk] dksyafc;k] osustq,yk] fpyh] czkthy] is:]
ratkfu;k] bDokMksj] ] vkSj fudkjkxqvk] vkSj bldh ,f'k;kbZ
mifLFkfr esa tkiku] lÅnh vjc] la;qä vjc vehjkr] drj]
fQyhihal] fo;ruke] FkkbZySaM] eysf'k;k] flaxkiqj]
baMksusf'k;k] C#usbZ nk#Llyke] phu ¼vc ;e fLiu‚Q ;e
phu½ dk fgLlk gkaxdkax 'kkfey gSa! rkboku] nf{k.k
dksfj;k] E;kaekj vkSj edkÅA fiTtk gV bjkd esa [kqyus
okyh igyh vesfjdh Ýsapkbth esa ls ,d FkhA

daiuh us fcØh c<+kus ds ç;kl esa 19 uoacj] 2014 dks

fjczkaM dh ?kks"k.kk dh] tks fiNys nks o"kksaZ esa ?kV
xbZA esuw dk foLrkj fofHkUu oLrqvksa tSls ØLV ¶ysoj
vkSj 11 ubZ fo'ks"krk fiTtk dks is'k djus ds fy, fd;k x;k
FkkA deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, dke dh onhZ Hkh rktk dh xbZA
2017 esa] fiTtk gV dks ;wds fLFkr daiuh fjpV‚fi;k }kjk fo'o
esa 200 lcls çHkko'kkyh daifu;ksa dh lwph esa 24 osa
LFkku ij lwphc) fd;k x;k FkkA

19
20
 v/;k;&3
vuqlaèkku fØ;kfofèk

v/;;u dh vko’;drk mn~ns’;

bl v/;;u dk ewy&fopkj ,d gh le; esa jk;iqj esa fit~tk gV

miHkksDrkvksa dh vo/kkj.kk fit~tk gV mRiknksa ds fy, fVdkÅiu
dk fo’ys"k.k djus ds fy, gS vkSj ,d iz;kl jk;iqj esa fit~tk gV Nfo
dks le>us ds fy, gSA

izkFkfed mn~ns’; %&

v/;;u dk izkFkfed mn~ns’; xzkgd vo/kkj.kk dks le>uk
vkSj fit~tk gV Nfo dk fo’ys"k.k djuk gS A

f}rh;d mn~ns’; %&

miHkksDrk fVdkÅiu vkSj fit~tk gV esa lHkh oxksZ ds
chp lcls vf/kd yksdfiz; mRikn dk irk yxkuk gSA

vuqla/kku fØ;kfof/k %&

fdlh Hkh fjiksVZ dk vfuok;Z fgLlk vuqla/kku fØ;kfof/k
gSA
uewus dk vkdkj %&
uewus dk vkdkj 50 mRrjnkRrkvksa ls fy;k x;k Fkk A

21
iz’ukoyh %&
1- vf/kdre 15 loky A
2- mRrjnkrkvksa dks fn;k x;k le; 15 ls 10 feuV A

dke dk {ks= vkSj MsVk laxzg

MsVk laxzg.k ds fy, xhrkuxj] fit~tk gV, dksVk ds
vf/kdre {ks= dks doj djrs gh dksf’k’k dh xbZ gSA

MsVk dk laxzg.k %&

bl fjiksVZ esa iz;ksx fd;k x;k Data eq[; :i ls izkFkfed Data
gS tks {ks= losZ{k.k ls ,d= fd;k x;k gSA dqN {ks= esa ek/;fed
vkWdM+s Hkh /;ku esa j[ks tk ldrs gSA

izkFkfed dk laxzg %&

izkFkfed Data dk L=ksr losZ{k.k fof/k }kjk vFkkZr~
iz’ukoyh vkSj mRrjnkrkvksa ds O;fDrxr lk{kkRdkj }kjk ,d= fd;k
x;k A

f}rh;d Data dk laxzg %&

lwpuk&lkekpkj] eSxthuks] baVjusV] eSxthu] Dijital media ls
laxzfgr A

22
 v/;k; &4
MkVk fo’ys"k.k
iz- &1 D;k vkidks ckgj [kkuk ilan gS \
1- gkW
2- ugha

Analysis

No

Yes

23
50 lSEiy es fd;k x;k fufj{k.k dk izfrQy bl izdkj Fkk &
 70% yksaxks dks ckgj [kkuk ilan gSA
 30% yksx ckgj [kkuk ilan ugh djrsaaA

24
iz- &2 vki fdruh ckj fit~tk gV esa tkuk ilan djrsa gS\

1- gIrs esa ,d ckj

2- eghus esa ,d ckj

3- vkWQj esa

4- dHkh&dHkh

Sales Analysis
60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Once in a week Once in a month Offer Some times

blesa 50 LkSEiy dk izfrQy bl izdkj gS A

 gIrs esa 13 yksx fit~tk gV tkuk ilan djrs gSA

 eghus esa 7 yksx fit~tk gV tkuk ilan djrs gSA
 vkWQj esa 25 yksx fit~tk gV - tkuk ilan djrs
gSA

25
  5 yksx dHkh dHkh fit~tk gV tkuk ilan djrs
gSAs

iz-&3 miHkksDrkvksa }kjk jsLVkjsaV dh izkFkfedrk \

Restaurant Prefferd No of persons

PIZZA HUT 25

McDonalds 12

Dominos 10

Others 3

Total 50

25

20
Axis Title

15

10

0
KFC
McDonalds
Dominos
Others

26
iz-& 4 D;k fit~tk gV dh lsok,W larks"ktud gS \

1- A+

2. A

3. B

4. C

blesa 50 lSEiy dk izfrQy bl izdkj FkkA

 25 yksxks us A+ fn;kA
 13 yksxks usA fn;k A
 10 yksxks usB fn;k A
 2 yksxks us Cfn;k A

C
4%
B
20%

A+
50%
27

A
26%
iz-& 5 fit~tk gV ds Lokn vPNh gS \

1- gk¡A

2- ughA

;g fufj{k.k 50 yksxks ds e/; fd;k x;k] ftlesa 40 yksaxks dk

dguk Fkk fd bldk Lokn vPNh gS] vkSj 10 yksxks dk dguk
Fkk fd bldh Lokn vPNh ugha gSA

100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
YES

NO

YES No

28
iz-&6 vki fit~tk gV ds dher ls fdrus larq"V gS\

VIEWS NO OF PERSON
VERY SATISFIED 9
SATISFIED 35
NOT SATISFIED 6

NO OF PERSONAS

35

30

25

20
NO OF PERSONAS
15

10

0
VERY SATISFIED SATISFIED NOT SATISFIED

29
50 lSEiy es ls 9 yksx vR;f/kd larq"V gSa] 35 yksx larq"V gS
] 6 yksx vlarq"V gSA

30
iz-& 7 fit~tk gV dh foKkiu vki rd dSls igqWprh gS\

1- SMS

2. INTERNET

3. TELEVISION

4. OTHERS

50 LkSEiy essa ls 20 yksxks dks ds- ,Q- lh- ds foKkiu dh

tkudkjh Vsyhfotu ls gksrh gS ] 12 yksxks dks baVjusV ls
gksrh gS] 16 yksxks dks vU; rfjdks ls gksrh gS rFkk 2
yksxks dks ,l ,e ,l ls gksrh gSaaA

ADVERTISMENT

20

15

10

0
SMS
INTERNET
TELEVISION
OTHERS

31
iz-& 8 vki fdl rjg fit~tk gV ds vuqHko dk fooj.k
nsxsaaA

EXPERIENCE NO FO PERSONS
EXCELLENT 4
VERY GOOD 17
GOOD 25
POOR 4

EXCELLENT
25

20

15

10

POOR 0 VERY GOOD

GOOD

32
fit~tk gV ds vuqHko dks ge 50 yksxks ds e/; ns[ks A ;g 4
yksxks dks cgqr cf<;k yxk] 17 yksxks dks cgqr vPNk yxk] 25
yksaxks dsk vPNkk yxk vkSj Bhd ugha yxkA

33
iz-& 9 D;k vkius dHkh fit~tk gV dk ?kj igWqp lsok dk
ykHk mBk;k gS \
1- gkW

2- ugha

HOME DELIVERY

20%

YES
NO

80%

34
iz-&10 D;k ?kj igqWp lsok 1 ?kaVs esa iqjh dh x;h gS \

1- gkW A

2- ugha A

HOME DELIVERY
YES NO

10%

90%

35
 v/;k; &5
lq>ko ,oa fu"d"kZ

lq>kko%&

 fit~tk gV dks vius 'kk[kkvksa esa o`f/n djuh pkfg,A

 fit~tk gV dks dksbZ u dksbZ ,slk dk;Z djrs jguk pkfg, tks
lekt ds fgr esa gksA
 tks Hkh esU;w gS mlesa 'kkdkgkj dss fodYi dks c<kok
nsuk pkfg,A
 foKkiu j.kuhfr esa vkSj vf/kd lq/kkj fd;k tkuk pkfg, ftlls ;g
yksxks rd vkSj vklkuh ls ig¡qp ldsa A
 vU; daiuh tks dqN vyx rjhds dk mRikn cuk jgh gS mlls
dqN vyx cukdj xzkgdksa dsk is’k djuk pkfg,A
 Hkkjr esa e/; oxhZ; yksxks dh la[;k cgqqr vf/kd gS blfy,
fit~tk gV dks dqN vius y{; esa bu miHkksDrkvksa dks
eq[; :i ls 'kkfey djuk pkfg,A
 fit~tk gV dh mRiknks dh tks dher gS mUgsa FkksMk
vkSj de djuk pkfg,A

36
 fit~tk gV- ;fn osVj dh lqfo/kk iznku djsa rks ;g dkQh gn
rd ldkjkRed izfrQy nsxkA
 fit~tk gV dks ges’kk vius mRiknksa es u;s u;s
mRiknksa dks laLdj.k djrs jguk pkfg,A
 fit~tk gV dks vius esU;q esa lnSo ,slk vkWQj j[kuk pkfg,
tks xzkgdks dks yqHkk,WA

37
 fu"d"kZ

fit~tk gV dk geus ,d xgu v/;;u fd;k ftlls gekjs le{k

fofHkUu rF; lkeus vk;s ftlus cgqr izHkkfor fd;k A tSlk fd ge
fit~tk gV ds 'kq:vkr ds ckjs esa tkurs gSa tks cgqr gh
la?k"kZiw.kZ jgk gSA vkt fit~tk gV dks iqjs fo’o esa lHkh
yksx tkurs gS ;g dsoy dBhu ifjJe dk ifj.kke gS A tks gesa
vius O;ogkj thou esa t:j ykxq djus pkfg,] [kkl rkSj ls rc tc ge
fujarj gkj dks lkeuk vius ftnxh esa djrs jgrsa gSA bl gkj dk
lkeuk djus dh izsj.kk gesa ds- ,Q- lh- nsrk gS ftUgksus budh
'kq:vkr dhsA

ds- ,Q- lh- dhs 'kks/k esa fuEu rF; lkeus

vk;sa &
 fit~tk gV 'kq: ls gh cktkj esa u;s mRikn ds fy, tkuk tkrk
gSA
 nqljh daiuh;kW tks vyx rjhdk dk mRikn cukrh gS] fit~tk
gV [kkl rkSj ij bu daiuh;ks dks pqukSrh nsrh gSA mnk-
ds fy, fpTTkk] cxZjA
 fit~tk gV [kkl rkSj ij vius mRikn dks dqN vyx uke ls
izLrqr djrh gS ] tSls & fpTTkk ,oa fxaxjA
 fit~tk gV dks iqjs fo’o esa cgqr ilan fd;k tkrk gS A

38
 fit~tk gV vius csgrjhu Lokn ds fy, e’kgwj gSa ] tks vius
vyx Lokn ds fy, tkuk tkrk gSA
 ;g vPNh xzkgd lsok iznku djrk gSA

eS vius vki dks lSHkkX; iw.kZ ekurk gwW fd eq>s

fit~tk gV ds mij izkstsDV cukus dk volj izkIr gqvkA EkS
vius f’k{kdvks dks /kU;okn djrk gqW -------------

iqLrd lwph

dksVyj¼2004½^^foi.ku izcaU/k& fo’ys"k.k] fu;kstu^^

foi.ku izcU/k &lh-Ckh- xqIrk

lekpkj o eSXthu

 nSfud HkkLdj]
 ubZnqfu;k]
 gfjHkwfe]
 fgrkoMk]
 VkbZEl vkWQ bafM;k]
 ØksfudyA

osclkbV
39
 www.google.co.in
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.pizzahut.co.in
 www.facebook.com/kfc
 www.yahoo.co.in

40
 QkbZy ¼iz’uksRRkj½

Ukke

mez

dk;Z

vk;

iz- &1 D;k vkidks ckgj [kkuk ilan gS \

1- gkW
2- ugha

iz- &2vki fdruh ckj fit~tk gV esa tkuk ilan djrsa gS\

1- gIrs esa ,d ckj

2- eghus esa ,d ckj

3- vkWQj esa

4- dHkh&dHkh

iz-&3 miHkksDrkvksa }kjk jsLVkjsaV dh izkFkfedrk \

1- fit~tk gV

2- esdMksue

41
 3- MkWfeuksl

4-vU;

iz-& 4 D;k fit~tk gV - dh lsok,W larks"ktud gS \

1. A+

2. A

3. B

4. C

iz- &5 fit~tk gV ds Lokn vPNh gS \

1- gk¡A

2- ughA

iz- 6 vki fit~tk gV ds dher ls fdrus larq"V gS\

1- cgqr alarks"ktud

2- larks"ktud

3- vlarks"ktud

iz- 7 fit~tk gV dh foKkiu vki rd dSls igqWprh gS\

1-SMS

2. INTERNET

42
 3. TELEVISION

4. OTHERS

iz-&8 vki fdl rjg fit~tk gV ds vuqHko dk fooj.k nsxsaaA

1- tcjnLr

2- cgqr vPNk

3- vPNk

4- [kjkc

iz-&9 D;k vkius dHkh fit~tk gV dk ?kj igWqp lsok dk

ykHk mBk;k gS \

1- gkW

2- ugha

iz-&10 D;k ?kj igqWp lsok 1 ?kaVs esa iqjh dh x;h gS \

1- gkW A

2- ugha A

43
44