Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tugas 2
Tugas 2
NPM : 16310005
Kelas : 6A
Penyelesaian :
FPB ?
𝑃(𝑥) = ∑∞
𝑛=0 𝑎𝑛 𝑥
𝑛
= 𝑎0 𝑥 0 + 𝑎1 𝑥1 + 𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎3 𝑥 3 + 𝑎4 𝑥 4 + 𝑎5 𝑥 5 + 𝑎6 𝑥 6 +
𝑎7 𝑥 7 + …
= 0𝑥 0 + 0𝑥1 + 0𝑥 2 + 1𝑥 3 + 1𝑥 4 + 1𝑥 5 + 1𝑥 6 + ⋯
= 𝑥3 + 𝑥4 + 𝑥5 + 𝑥6 + …
= 𝑥 3 (𝑥 0 + 𝑥1 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 + … )
= 𝑥 3 (1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 + … )
Formula (3) :
1
= ∑∞
𝑛=0 𝑥
𝑛
1−𝑥
1
= 1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 + 𝑥4 + 𝑥5 + 𝑥6 + ⋯
1−𝑥
Sehingga,
= 𝑥 3 (1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 + … )
1
= 𝑥 3 (1−𝑥)
𝑥3
= 1−𝑥
2. Tulis FPE dari barisan berikut.
a. (3,3,3,3, … )
Penyelesaian :
FPE ?
𝑥𝑛
𝑃(𝑥) = ∑∞
𝑛=0 𝑎𝑛 𝑛!
𝑥0 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3
= 𝑎0 + 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎3 +⋯
0! 1! 2! 3!
𝑥0 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3
= 3 0! + 3 1! + 3 2! + 3 3! + ⋯
𝑥0 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3
= 3 ( 0! + + + +⋯)
1! 2! 3!
1 1 1
= 3 (1 + 1! 𝑥 + 2! 𝑥 2 + 3! 𝑥 3 + ⋯ )
Formula (1) :
1
𝑒 𝑥 = ∑∞
𝑛=0 𝑥𝑛
𝑛!
1 1 1
𝑒 𝑥 = 1 + 1! 𝑥 + 2! 𝑥 2 + 3! 𝑥 3 + ⋯
Sehingga,
1 1 1
= 3 (1 + 1! 𝑥 + 2! 𝑥 2 + 3! 𝑥 3 + ⋯ )
= 3𝑒 𝑥
3. 𝑃(𝑥) adalah FPB dari barisan (an). Carilah barisan (an).
1
a. 𝑃(𝑥) = 1 + 1−𝑥
Penyelesaian :
1
𝑃(𝑥) = 1 + 1−𝑥
Formula (3) :
1
= ∑∞
𝑛=0 𝑥
𝑛
1−𝑥
Sehingga :
𝑃(𝑥) = 1 + ∑∞
𝑛=0 𝑥
𝑛
= 1 + (𝑥 0 + 𝑥1 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 4 + ⋯ )
= 1 + (1 + 𝑥1 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 4 + ⋯ )
= 2 + 𝑥1 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 4 + ⋯
= 2𝑥 0 + 𝑥1 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 4 + ⋯
Jadi,
(an) = (2, 1, 1, 1, 1, ....)
Nama : Mahmud Tri Wijayanto
NPM : 16310019
Kelas : 6A Matematika
d) 𝑃(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
Penyelesaian :
1 1
Lihat formula 2 :𝑒 −𝑥 = 1 − 𝑥 + 2! 𝑥 2 − 3! 𝑥 3 + ⋯
1
Maka=2𝑥 + (∑∞ 𝑛 𝑛
𝑛=0(−1) . 𝑛! 𝑥 )
1 1 1 1
= 2𝑥 + ((−1)0 . 0! ∙ 𝑥 0 + (−1)1 ∙ 𝑥1 + (−1)2 ∙ 2! 𝑥 2 + (−1)3 ∙ 3! 𝑥 3 +
1!
⋯)
1 1
= 2𝑥 + (1 − 𝑥 + 2 𝑥 2 − 6 𝑥 3 + ⋯ )
1 1
= 2𝑥 + 1 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 + ⋯
2 6
1 1
= 1 + 𝑥 + 2 𝑥2 − 6 𝑥3 + ⋯
1 1
=1. 𝑥 0 + 1. 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 − 6 𝑥3 + ⋯
2
1 1
Jadi(𝑎𝑛 ) = (1,1, 2 , − 6 , … )
penyelesaian :
1
𝑃(𝑥) =
1 − 4𝑥
Dari formula (3) maka :
∞
1
= ∑(4𝑥)𝑛
1 − 4𝑥
𝑛=0
∞
𝑃(𝑥) = ∑(4𝑥)𝑛
𝑛=0
= (1 + 4𝑥 + 16𝑥 2 + 64𝑥 3 + ⋯ )
FPE :
∞
𝑥𝑛
𝑃(𝑥) = ∑ 𝑎𝑛
𝑛!
𝑛=0
𝑥0 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3
= 𝑎0 ∙ + 𝑎1 ∙ + 𝑎2 ∙ + 𝑎3 ∙
0! 1! 2! 3!
𝑥0 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3
=1∙ + 4.1! ∙ + 16.2! ∙ + 64.3! ∙
0! 1! 2! 3!
Sehingga di dapat :
(𝑎𝑛 ) = (1,4,32,384, … )
5). Carikonvolusidaripasangbarisanberikut :
b) (1,1,1,0,0,…)dan (0,1,2,3,…)
penyelesaian :
(𝑎𝑛 ) = (1,1,1,0,0, … )
(𝑏𝑛 ) = (0,1,2,3, … )
= (∑ 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 ) ∙ (∑ 𝑏𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 )
𝑛
𝑛=0 𝑛=0
∞ 𝑛
= ∑(∑ 𝑎𝑘 𝑏𝑛−𝑘 )𝑥 𝑛
𝑛=0 𝑘=0
𝑛
𝐶0 = ∑ 𝑎𝑘 𝑏𝑛−𝑘 = 𝑎0 . 𝑏0 − 0
𝑘=0
= 𝑎0 . 𝑏0
= 1.0
=0
1
𝐶1 = ∑ 𝑎𝑘 𝑏1 − 𝑘 = 𝑎0 . 𝑏1 + 𝑎1 . 𝑏0
𝑘=0
= 1.1 + 1.0
=1
2
𝐶2 = ∑ 𝑎𝑘 𝑏2 − 𝑘 = 𝑎0 . 𝑏2 + 𝑎1 . 𝑏1 + 𝑎2 . 𝑏0
𝑘=0
=2+1+0
=3
3
𝐶3 = ∑ 𝑎𝑘 𝑏3 − 𝑘 = 𝑎0 . 𝑏3 + 𝑎1 . 𝑏2 + 𝑎2 . 𝑏1 + 𝑎3 . 𝑏0
𝑘=0
=3+2+1+0
=6
(Cn) =(0,1,3,6…)
Nama : Giza Yasinta
NPM : 16310010
Kelas : 6A
MATEMATIKA DISKRIT
Mengerjakan hal 25. No 1b,2b,3b
1. Tulis FPB dari barisan-barisan berikut.
1 1 1
(b) (0, 0, 2! , 3! , 4! , … )
Penyelesaian:
FPB = ∑∞ 𝑛=0 𝑎𝑛 𝑋
𝑛
P(x) = 𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑥1 + 𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎3 𝑥 3 + 𝑎4 𝑥 4 +. . .
1 1 1
=0𝑥 0 + 0𝑥1 + 2! 𝑥 2 + 3! 𝑥 3 + 4! 𝑥 4 + . . .
1 1 1
= 2! 𝑥 2 + 3! 𝑥 3 + 4! 𝑥 4 + . . .
Menggunakan formula 1
∞
1
𝑒 = ∑ 𝑥𝑛
𝑥
𝑛!
𝑛=0
𝑥 1 1 1 1
𝑒 =1+ 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 + 𝑥4+ . . .
1! 2! 3! 4!
1
Barisan yang tidak sama dengan FPB diatas 1 + 1! 𝑥1
1 1 1
Barisan yang sesuai dengan FPB diatas 2! 𝑥 2 + 3! 𝑥 3 + 4! 𝑥 4 + . . .
Sehingga,
1 1 1 1 1
P(x) = (1 + 1! 𝑥1 + 2! 𝑥 2 + 3! 𝑥 3 + 4! 𝑥 4 + . . .) – (1 + 1! 𝑥1 )
P(x) = 𝑒 𝑥 − 1 − 𝑥
Jadi FPB dari barisan diatas adalah P(x) = 𝑒 𝑥 − 1 − 𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
Kemudian menggunakan formula 12 = 2
𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 1 1
= 1 + 2! 𝑥 2 + 4! 𝑥 4 . . .
2
Sehingga,
1 1 1 1 1 1
P(x) = (1 + 1! 𝑥1 + 2! 𝑥 2 + 3! 𝑥 3 + 4! 𝑥 4 +. . ) - (1 + 2! 𝑥 2 + 4! 𝑥 4 + . . .)
𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
P(x) = 𝑒 𝑥 − 2
2𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
P(x) = =
2 2
𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
Jadi, FBE barisan diatas adalah P(x) = 2
P(x) =𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑥1 + 𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎3 𝑥 3 + 𝑎4 𝑥 4 +. . .
(𝑎𝑛 ) = (𝑎0 , 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , . . . )
Maka untuk
2
P(x) = 1−𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 1
1
= 2 (1−𝑥) + 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 1
Menggunakan formula 3
∞
1
= ∑ 𝑥𝑛
1−𝑥
𝑛=0
Sehingga,
P(x) = 2 ∑∞ 𝑛 2
𝑛=0 𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 1
= (2(1 + 𝑥1 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 4 +. . . )) + 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 1
= (2 + 2𝑥1 + 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 4 +. . . ) + 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 1
= 3 + 8𝑥 + 5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 4 + . ..
(𝑎𝑛 ) = 𝑎0 𝑥 0 + 𝑎1 𝑥1 + 𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎3 𝑥 3 + 𝑎4 𝑥 4 + . ..
(𝑎𝑛 ) = (3, 8, 5, 2, 2. . . )
NPM : 16310006
KELAS : 6A
(MATEMATIKA DISKRIT)
3.) P(x) adalah FPB dari barisan (𝑎𝑛 ). Carilah barisan (𝑎𝑛 ).
1
c.) P(x) = (𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 )
2
penyelesaian :
1
P(x) = 2 (𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 )
Formula 1
1
𝑒 𝑥 = ∑∞
𝑛=0 𝑛! 𝑥
𝑛
Formula 2
1 1 1
𝑒 −𝑥 = 1 – x + 2! 𝑥 2 - 3! 𝑥 3 + 4! 𝑥 4 + ......
1 (−1) 1
= 1 + (-1) x + 2! 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 + 4! 𝑥 4 + ......
3!
1 1 1 1 1
= (−1)0 𝑥 0 + (−1) 𝑥1 + (−1)2 2! 𝑥 2 + (−1)3 3! 𝑥 3 + (−1)4
0! 1!
1
𝑥 4 ......
4!
1
𝑒 −𝑥 = ∑∞ 𝑛
𝑛=0(−1) . 𝑥𝑛
𝑛!
Sehingga :
1
P(x) = 2 (𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 )
1 1 1
= 2 ( ( ∑∞ 𝑛 ∞ 𝑛
𝑛=0 𝑛! 𝑥 ) + ( ∑𝑛=0(−1) . 𝑥𝑛 ) )
𝑛!
1 1 1
= 2 ( ∑∞
𝑛=0( 𝑛! 𝑥
𝑛
+ (−1)𝑛 . 𝑥𝑛 ) )
𝑛!
1 1 1
= ( ∑∞
𝑛=0 ( + (−1)𝑛 . ) . 𝑥𝑛 )
2 𝑛! 𝑛!
𝑎𝑛
FPB :
P(x) = ∑∞
𝑛=0 𝑎𝑛 . 𝑥𝑛
1 1 1
𝑎𝑛 = 2 ( 𝑛! + (−1)𝑛 . 𝑛!
)
1 1 1 1
𝑎0 = 2 ( 0! + (−1)0 . ) = 2 (1+1) = 1
0!
1 1 1 1 1
𝑎1 = 2 ( 1! + (−1) . ) = 2 (1-1) = 0
1!
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
𝑎2 = 2 ( 2! + (−1)2 . ) = 2 (2 + 2) = 2
2!
1 1 1 1 1 1
𝑎3 = 2 ( 3! + (−1)3 . ) = 2 (6 − 6) = 0
3!
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
𝑎4 = 2 ( 4! + (−1)4 . ) = 2 (24 + 24) = 24
4!
1 1 1 1 1 1
𝑎5 = 2 ( 5! + (−1)5 . ) = 2 (120 − 120) = 0
5!
𝟏 𝟏
Jadi, (𝒂𝒏 ) = (1, 0, 𝟐, 0, 𝟐𝟒, 0, ................)
4.) Tulis barisan (𝑎𝑛 ), jika FPE adalah sebagai berikut
a.) p(x) = 5 + 5x + 5𝑥 2 + 5 𝑥 3
penyelesaian :
p(x) = 5 + 5x + 5𝑥 2 + 5 𝑥 3
Formula 3
∑∞ 𝑛 2 3
𝑛=0 𝑥 = 1 + x + 𝑥 + 𝑥 +..........
∑∞ 𝑛 2 3
𝑛=0 5𝑥 = 5 + 5x + 5𝑥 + 5𝑥 +..........
FPE :
𝑥𝑛
p(x) = ∑∞
𝑛=0 𝑎𝑛 . 𝑛!
𝑥0 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3
= 𝑎0 . 0! + 𝑎1 . 1! + 𝑎2 . 2! + 𝑎3 . 3! +,........
𝑥0 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3
= 5. 0! + 5(1!) . 1! + 5(2!) . 2! + 5(3!) . 3! +,........
Sehingga didapat :
(𝑎𝑛 ) = (5, 5(1!), 5(2!), 5(3!),...........)
Jadi, (𝒂𝒏) = (5, 5, 10, 30,.......)
5.) cari konvolusi ( 𝑐𝑛 ) dari pasangan barisan berikut
a.) (1,1,1,1,..........) dan (0,1,2,3,.......)
penyelesaian :
𝑎𝑛 = (1,1,1,1,..........)
𝑏𝑛 = (0,1,2,3,.......)
𝒄𝒏 = ∑∞ 𝒏=𝟎 𝒂𝒌 . 𝒃𝒏−𝒌
𝑐0 = ∑0𝑘=0 𝑎𝑘 . 𝑏0−𝑘 = 𝑎0 . 𝑏0−0 = 𝑎0 . 𝑏0 = 1 . 0 = 0
𝑐1 = ∑1𝑘=0 𝑎𝑘 . 𝑏1−𝑘 = 𝑎0 𝑏1 + 𝑎1 𝑏0 = (1 . 1) + (1 . 0) =1+0 = 1
𝑐2 = ∑2𝑘=0 𝑎𝑘 . 𝑏2−𝑘 = 𝑎0 𝑏2 + 𝑎1 𝑏1 + 𝑎2 𝑏0 = (1 . 2) + (1 . 1) + (1 . 0) =
2+1+0 =3
𝑐3 = ∑3𝑘=0 𝑎𝑘 . 𝑏3−𝑘 = 𝑎0 𝑏3 + 𝑎1 𝑏2 + 𝑎2 𝑏1 + 𝑎3 𝑏0 = (1 . 3) + (1 . 2) +
(1 . 1)+(1.0)
=3+2+1+0
=6