1. Are the following relations on the set X reflexive, symmetric, transitive?

a) X = R, x ∼ y ⇔ 2y < x2 + 1

b) X = Z, x ∼ y ⇔ y ¬ 2x2

2. Which of the following are equivalence relations on the set X? Find at least one equivalence class
for those that are.

a) X = Z, x ∼ y ⇔ 3|xy

b) X = Z, x ∼ y ⇔ 4|x3 − y 3

c) X = Z, x ∼ y ⇔ x + y 6= 7

d) X = 2N , A ∼ B ⇔ A ∪ B 0 = N

e) X = R, x ∼ y ⇔ sinx − siny ∈ Z

f) X = N, x ∼ y ⇔ (x|y ∨ y|x)

g) X = R2 , (x1 , y1 ) ∼ (x2 , y2 ) ⇔ y1 = y2

h) X = R2 , (x1 , y1 ) ∼ (x2 , y2 ) ⇔ x1 · x2 ­ 0

i) X = C, a ∼ b ⇔ ∃x ∈ R+ a · x = b

3. Prove that the relation ∼ defined on the set [−5, 5] is an equivalence relation.

x ∼ y ⇔ |x + 2| = |y + 2|

Give examples of equivalence classes with one element and with two elements.

4. Prove that the relation ∼ defined on the set {−4, . . . , 53} is an equivalence relation.
π π
k ∼ n ⇔ sin(k · ) = sin(n · )
6 6
How many equivalence classes does it have?