Mener ANSWERS bssqy G) SY. Rese. 10 Biotechnol egy - Bioch iy (hot “ Bard) QP. Code: 2% Hours Total Marks: 75 1, Attempt all questions 2, All questions curry equal marks. 3. Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary. 4, Use of log tables and non-programmable calculator is allowed. 5. For Q2,Q3 and Q 4 attempt A and B OR C and D. Q1 Doas directed (Any fifteen) 15 1, Precursor amino acid for biosynthesis of serotonin is tryptophan. 2. Synthesis af glucose from non-earbolyydrate precursors is accomplished bya pathway called gluconeogenesis 3. The number of NADPH produced when une molecule of Glucose 6- phosphate completes oxidative phuse of HMP shunt is 2 4. Give one example of glucogenic amino acid — valine, alanine, methionine, asparagine, glutamate, aspartate, histidine, proline, cysteine, arginine, glutamine, serine, glycine 5. Name one enzyme of glyoxalate cycle that is not present in vertebrates — malate synthase, isoecitrate lyase 6. Name the organ én which urea is produced in humans - liver 7. Give one example of energy rich compound — ATP, Acetyl CoA, PEP, Creatine phosphate 8. State truc /fulse: Non-oxidative deamination of histidine releases ammonia - True ‘Write the equation for the reaction catalysed by following enzymes:- 9, Citrate synthase AcetyCoA + Oxaloacetate — Citrate 10. Glutamate dehydrogenase Glutamate — a-ketoglutarate Name the enzyme that catalyses the conversion of following reactions:~ 11. Atgitine w urnithine Arginase 12, Glyveraldehyde 3-phosphite to | 3-bisphosphoglycerate Glyeeraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 13, The reactions of ketone body formation occur in the matrix of a. kidney mitochondrie_b, liver mitochondria . kidney cytosol 4. liver cytosolw 15 16, 1. 18, 19, 20. Q2A PTO. ‘The absence of Hypaxanthine-Cuanae Phosphoribesyl Transferase activity is observed in a. Lesch-Nyhun syndrome b. Zellweger syndrome ¢. Refsum’s disease 4d, Xilinked adrenoleukodystrophy ‘ave lipid-binding proteins in the blood which wansports triacylglycerols, phospholipids. chotesterol, and cholesteryl esters between organs, &. Apolipoproteins b. Lipases ¢, Carbuxylases 4. Chylomievens The fatty acy! group is enzymatically transferred from Carnitine to intra- mitochondrial Coenzyme A by a. Carnitine Acyitransferase II b. Lipase, b. Carboxylise, . Camitine Avyltransferase 1 Propionyl-CoA is tirst carboxylated to form the D stereoisomer of methyl malonyl-CoA By ....sceesosse a a, PropionyCoA Carbaxylase bh. MethylmalonylCoA Epimerase. fc. Metaylmilo A. Fhiolase Branched fatty acids are cataboiized in peroxisomes of animal cells by 2 @oxidation b.@ oxidation. fl oxidation d. p oxidation Phosphorylation of... permits hormone sensitive lipase access to the surface of the lipid droplet a. perilipin —b.triacylglycerols c camitine 4, acyhCoA ‘The overall equuttion of Palmituyl-Co beta oxidation is: PalmitoylCoA + 7C0A ~ 7FAD + 7NAD: + 7H.O. 7 *KADH. + 7NADH + 7H a8 AcelyKCoA — b.7 Aceryl-CuA, ©.14 AcetyCoA d. 16 Acetyl-CoA, Discuss the seactions involved in the non-oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pashwaypave a bo gion yet ae ce ‘ ‘on * ne Bite sie Banga Q2B Explain the regulation oF glycolysis pathway 07 Phosphotruclokinase (PPK) is the most important segulatory enzyme glycolysis. This enzyme catalyses the rate limiting committed step. PFK is an allosteric enzyme regulated by allosteric effectors. ATP citrate and H+ ions (low pH) are the most important allosteric inhibitors, whereas, fructose2 ,6-bisphosphate, ADP, AMP and Pi ate the allosteric activators Role of fructose 2,6-bisphosphete in glycolysis: Fructose? ,6-bisphosphal(eF 2,6-BP)is considered to be the most important regulatory fector (activator) for vontrolling PFK and, ultimately, glycolysis in the liver. F2.6-BP is synthesized from fructose S-phosphate by the enzyme phosphotiuctokinase called PFK-2 PFK-1 is the ulycolytic enayime), F2,6-BF is hydrolysed by fructose 2,6-hisphosplatase, The fivx tion oF synthesis and degradation of F2,6-BP is brouight out by « single eazyme (same polypeptide with two ‘active sites) whicli is referred 10 as bifunctional enzyme. In fact, the combined nanie of phosphofructokinase-2/ fructose? ,6-bisphosphatase is used to refer to the enzyme that synthesizes and deyrades F 2,6-BP. The activity of PFK-2 and fructose 2.6- bisphosphatase is controlled by covalent modification which, in tam, is regulated by cyclic AMP (CAMP is the second messenger for certain hormones). Cyolic AMP brings about Dephosphorylation of the bifunctional enzyme, resulting in inactivation ‘of active site responsible for the synthesis of F2,6-BP but aetivation of the active site responsible for the hyclrolysis of F2,0-BP Hexokinase is mhiited by gine s.2 9 sosphate, This enayie prevents the accumulation of glucose 6-pkaspits due Lo product inhnbition, Pyruvate kinase also reuuiates glycolysis. This enzyme is inhibited by ATP and activated by FL6-BP. Pyruvate kinase is active ta)in dephosphorylated site and inactive (b) in phosphorylated slate. Inactivation of pyruvate kinase by phosphorylation is brought about by CAMP -dependenpi roteink inase