17DS04 BRENEMAN Structural CLT Floor and Roof Design WSF 171004 PDF

Structural CLT Floor and Roof Construction
Structural CLT Floor

and Roof Design
Scott Breneman, PhD, PE, SE

Senior Technical Director – Project Resources and Solutions Division
WoodWorks – Wood Products Council
Photo Ema Peter Photography
“The Wood Products Council” is a This course is registered with AIA CES
Registered Provider with The American for continuing professional education.
Institute of Architects Continuing As such, it does not include content that
Education Systems (AIA/CES), Provider may be deemed or construed to be an
#G516. approval or endorsement by the AIA of
any material of construction or any
method or manner of handling, using,
Credit(s) earned on completion of this distributing, or dealing in any material or
course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA product.
members. Certificates of Completion for ______________________________
both AIA members and non-AIA members
are available upon request. Questions related to specific materials,
methods, and services will be
addressed at the conclusion of this
presentation.
Presenter:
scott.breneman@woodworks.org 1
Course Description
This presentation is intended for designers of building systems seeking to familiarize
themselves with the category of products known as mass timber, and specifically cross
laminated timber (CLT). Topics will include manufacturing and product performance
standards, structural design standards, and recognition of CLT in the International Building
Code. Specific attention will be given to the design of CLT in horizontal applications—i.e., as
panels of floor and roof systems—and discussion will include how to address important
serviceability requirements related to deflection and floor vibration design. Example projects
and details will be presented to highlight possible applications of CLT in building structures.
Learning Objectives
1. Discuss product manufacturing and design standards relevant to cross laminated

timber (CLT), and identify where these standards are recognized in the
International Building Code.
2. Consider the structural design properties of CLT relevant to floor and roof
applications.
3. Discover how to design CLT floors to achieve serviceability goals related to
deflection and vibration.
4. Examine the use of CLT in example buildings and connection details.
Presenter:
Introduction
Wood Building Systems
Post and Beam Light Frame Mass Timber
Presenter:
Mass Timber Products

Nail Laminated Timber (NLT) Glue Laminated Timber (GLT)
Glulam Beams
& Columns
Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)

Cross Laminated Timber (CLT)
Massive Plywood Panels (MPP)
Images Source: Structurecraft
Mass Timber Products

Cross-laminated timber (CLT)
Presenter:
Cooley Landing Education Center

East Palo Alto, CA
Photo: Arbor Building Group Photos: WoodWorks
Cooley Landing
Education Center
East Palo Alto, CA
Presenter:
Albina Yard
Portland, OR
Photo Credit: LEVER Architecture
Albina Yard
Portland, OR
Photo Credit: WoodWorks
Presenter:
Albina Yard
Portland, OR
4 stories
16,000 sf
Green Roof ARCHITECT: Lever13Architecture
Photo: Scott Breneman
Albina Yard
Portland, OR
ARCHITECT: Lever Architecture

14
Photo: Scott Breneman
Presenter:
Redstone Arsenal Hotel

Huntsville, AL
Image Credit: Lend Lease
Redstone Arsenal Hotel

62,600 sf, 4 story hotel, 92 private rooms
CLT used for walls, roof panels, and floor panels
1,557 CLT Panels; Typical floor panel is 8’x50’
Completed Late 2015
Photos: Lend Lease, IHG Hotels, & Schaefer
Presenter:
2017
TallWood House at Brock Commons
University of British Columbia
Vancouver, Canada
18 Stories (17+1) 174 Feet tall

Beamless two-way CLT floor slab
ARCHITECT: Acton Ostray

ENGINEER: Fast & Epp
Cross Laminated Timber
Considerations:
• Large light-weight panels
• Dimensionally stable
• Precise CNC machining available
• Recognized by IBC
• Dual Directional span capabilities
• Often architecturally exposed
• Fast on-site construction
Graphic Credit: StructureCraft
Presenter:
SB31
CLT History Timeline • 2010 – 1st

Production
• 2011- PRG320
America • 2011 -Canadian
Handbook
• 2013 – US Recognized
North
interest
Handbook in 2015 IBC
began
1990 2000 2005 2010 2015

Europe
Austria Significantly
industry- increased .3 million .6-1 million
academia use in m3 of built m3 of built
joint Europe CLT CLT
research projects projects
CLT Product Standardization
Presenter:
What is CLT?
3+ layers of laminations
Typically Solid Sawn Laminations
Cross-Laminated Layup Thickness
3 to 20 inches*
Max Length
24 to 60 feet* Max Width
8 to 10 feet*
*All dimensions are approximate.

Consult with manufacturers
First Tech Credit Union, Hillsboro, Oregon

Photo Credit: Structurlam Products
Presenter:
North American CLT Product Standard
The Standard Covers:

- U.S. and Canada Use
- Panel Dimensions and Tolerances
- Component Requirements
- Structural Performance
Requirements
- Panel and Manufacturing
Qualification
- Marking (Stamping)
- Quality Assurance
ANSI/APA PRG 320 Standard for Performance-Rated

Cross-Laminated Timber
CLT Stress Grades
Stress Grade Major Strength Minor Strength Direction

Direction
E1 1950f-1.7E MSR SPF #3 Spruce Pine Fir
E2 1650f-1.5E MSR DFL #3 Doug Fir Larch
E3 1200f-1.2E MSR Misc #3 Misc
E4 1950f-1.7E MSR SP #3 Southern Pine
V1 #2 Doug Fir Larch #3 Doug Fir Larch
V2 #1/#2 Spruce Pine Fir #3 Spruce Pine Fir
V3 #2 Southern Pine #3 Southern Pine
Standard (Non-mandatory) CLT stress grade in PRG 320-2012.

Other custom stress grades including structural composite lumber (SCL) permitted
Presenter:
Common CLT Layups
3-ply 3-layer
5-ply 5-layer
7-ply 7-layer 7-ply 5-layer
9-ply 9-layer
9-ply 7-layer
PRG 320 Defined Layups
Presenter:
3rd Party Product Certification of CLT
CLT Product Reports

Stress Grade Layup Panel Properties
(standard or custom) (standard or custom)
Presenter:
Structural Design Standardization
National Design Specification for Wood Construction

2015 Edition
Model Building Code Acceptance
2015 International Building Code
Presenter:
SB9
CLT is Defined – 2015 IBC
SB16
SB17
Highlights of CLT Provisions in IBC 2015
• CLT is generally available for use in Type III, IV and V construction.
• IBC 2015 Chapter 6 Defines Dimensions of CLT to qualify as Heavy

Timber (Type IV Construction)
• 6” Walls
• 4” Floors
• 3” Roofs
• Non Fire-Retardant Treated CLT allowed in Exterior Walls of Type
IV construction in many conditions. (IBC 2015 602.4)
The Heavy Timber construction size requirements only apply to Type IV Construction
Presenter:
CLT Manufactures for use in the US to PRG-320
• DR Johnson Lumber, Oregon

• KLH USA, Subsidiary of KLH Massivholz, Austria.
• Nordic Structures, Quebec, Canada
• SmartLam, Columbia Fall, Montana
• Structurlam, British Columbia, Canada
Working with CLT: Know Your Supply Chain
• CLT Manufactures different CLT grades and maximum panel sizes

• CLT Manufacturers have specific CNC capabilities
• 3rd Party Fabricators can have additional CNC capabilities
Photo: DR Johnson Photo: Sauter Timber
Presenter:
Working with CLT: Communicate Your Requirements
Define the deliverables you need from the supplier:

- Shop drawings
- Shop drawings with Engineering Stamp
- Engineered Drawings and Calculations (e.g. as a deferred submittal)
Structural Properties
Presenter:
Structural Section Properties
Non-homogenous, anisotropic material
FLATWISE Panel Loading
Span in MAJOR Strength Direction Span in MINOR Strength Direction

“Parallel” Direction “Perpendicular” Direction
Reference & Source: ANSI/APA PRG 320-2017
Presenter:
EDGEWISE Panel Loading
Flatwise Flexural Strength
Design properties based on an Extreme Fiber Model:
Flexural Capacity Check:

Mb
Mb ≤ (FbSeff)′ Bending Stress
Mb = applied bending moment
(FbSeff)′ = adjusted bending capacity
Seff = effective section modulus
Fb = reference bending design stress of outer lamination
Reference: NDS 2015
Presenter:
Flatwise Flexural Strength
Flexural Capacity Check (ASD)
Mb
Bending Stress
(FbSeff)′ = CD CM Ct CL (FbSeff)
per Commonly Provided as

NDS 1.0 combined value
Mb ≤ CD (1.0) (FbSeff)
Reference: NDS 2015
Flatwise Flexural Strength Design Example

40 psf DL, 40 psf LL
Select acceptable CLT section
Given:
16 foot span floor 16 foot span
40 psf live load, 40 psf total dead load.

Assume:
one-way spanning action in major axis of CLT
Analysis of a 1 ft strip of panel as beam
Calculate ASD Dead + Live Applied Moment
Mb = w L2 / 8 = (40+40psf) (16ft)2 / 8 = 2560 lb-ft/ft
Presenter:
Look for Acceptable CLT Grade from PRG 320: FbSeff,0 > 2560 lb-ft/ft
4,800
Select 5-Ply 6 7/8” Thick V1 Panel with FbSeff,0 = 4800 lb-ft/ft
Reference: ANSI/APA PRG 320-2012

40 psf DL, 40 psf LL
ASD Flexural Capacity:

Dead + Live load, CD = 1.0 16 foot span
(FbSeff)′ = CD (1.0) (FbSeff)

= 1.0 (1.0) (4800 lb-ft/ft)
= 4800 lb-ft/ft
Mb = 2560 lb-ft/ft ≤ (FbSeff)’ = 4800 lb-ft/ft
Flexural Strength OK
Presenter:
Flatwise Shear Strength
Design Properties based on Extreme Fiber Model:
Shear Capacity Check:

Va
Va ≤ Fs(Ib/Q)eff′
Shear Stress
Va = applied shear
Fs(IbQeff)′ = adjusted shear strength
Jargon Alert! AKA “Planar Shear”, “Out-of-Plane Shear”, or “Rolling Shear” Strength
Wood Structural Structural CLT Term

Panel Term Engineering Term
Reference: NDS 2015

Design Properties based on Extreme Fiber Model:
Shear Capacity Check (ASD):

Vplanar
Shear Stress
Fs(IbQ)eff′ = CM Ct (Fs(IbQ)eff) = CM Ct Vs
Commonly
From Manufacturer
1.0
Note: Duration of Load Effects (Cd and λ) NOT

Vplanar ≤ (1.0) Vs applicable to Flatwise Shear Strength in the NDS
Reference: NDS 2015 & Product Reports
Presenter:
Shear Force Terminology
Source: ANSI/APA PRG 320-2017

Source: NDS 2015 Manual
Planar Shear
Rolling Shear NDS 2015: Fs(Ib/Q)eff
Shear-In-the-Plane? PRG 320 Product Reports: Vs,0 & Vs,90
Out-of-plane forces?
FLATWISE Shear in PRG 320 2017
Rolling Shear
Source: CSA O86-14, 2016 Supplement
Presenter:
Shear Force Terminology & Jargon
Source: ANSI/APA PRG 320-2017 Source: NDS 2015 Manual
Through-the-Thickness Shear NDS 2015: Fv(tv)

In-plane Shear Forces PRG 320-2017: Fv,e,0 tp & Fv,e,90 tp
EDGEWISE Shear in PRG 320-2017
Flatwise Flexural Stiffness

Shear Analogy Method
Bending Stress
EIeff
Reference: US CLT Handbook Chapter 3
Presenter:
EIeff
GAeff
Important
EIeff to develop properties of
new CLT Sections.
Not to use standard CLT Sections
GAeff
Presenter:
Advanced
EI eff
Use: Calculating
Structural Capacities under Fire
Conditions using
NDS 2015 Chapter 16
GAeff
Flatwise CLT Panel Section Properties
Flexural Strength: FbSeff,0 FbSeff,90

Flexural Stiffness: EIeff,0 EIeff,90
Shear Strength: Vs,0 Vs,90
Shear Stiffness: GAeff,0 GAeff,90
Values in RED provided by CLT manufacturer
Reference: PRG 320 and CLT Product Reports
Presenter:
Using PRG 320 Standard Grades for Design?
PRG 320 includes pre-defined

Stress Grades, Layups and related
Design Properties
Is doesn’t tell you what CLT grades

and layups are available.
Coordinate your design with

manufactures availability and
information
Deflection Calculations
General Purpose: 1 Way, Beam Action

Needed Stiffness: EIeff,0 GAeff,0
Can model multiple spans, cantilevers, etc.
Presenter:
Example Deflection Calculations
Example Calculation: w = 80 psf
Uniform loading on one way slab:

Beam Analysis using
Flexural Stiffness: EIeff,0 16 foot span
Shear Stiffness: 5/6 GAeff,0

Maximum Deflection @ Mid-Span
5/6 GAeff
Design Example:
= 0.284 in + 0.034 in = 0.318 in
= L / 604
Deflection Creep Factor

Deformation to Long Term Loads
Δ " = $%& Δ(" + Δ*" NDS Eq 3.5-1
Δ*" Deflection due to short-term loading
Δ(" Immediate deflection due to long term loading
$%& 2.0 for CLT in dry service conditions

Design Example:
w = 40 + 40 psf
∆ST from 40psf = 0.159 in
∆LT from 40psf = 0.159 in
∆T = 2.0 (0.159) + 0.159 = 0.477 in
= L / 403
16 foot span
Reference: NDS 2015
Presenter:
Simplified Beam Deflections: Uniform load, w
Given load pattern and support conditions:
5/6 GAeff Span, L
Find Apparent Flexural Stiffness, EIapp, such that
EIapp
+,/00
+,-.. =
11.5+,/00
1 +
45/0067
Reference: US CLT Handbook
Simplified Beam Deflections

For single span, simple loading patterns, Apparent Flexural
Stiffness, EIapp, to determine maximum (mid-span) deflection:
+,/00 +,/00
+,-.. = +,-.. =
$9 +,/00 16$9 ,/00
1 + 1 +
45/0067 5/0067
US CLT Handbook NDS 2015
&
For Major Axis Spans:
NDS 2015 Commentary
+,/00
,/00 = ;+
:
5/00 = 45/00⁄4:
Reference: US CLT Handbook & NDS 2015

4: = +: ⁄16
Presenter:
Simplified Beam Deflections

For single span, simple loading patterns, Apparent Flexural
Stiffness, EIapp, to determine maximum (mid-span) deflection:
+,/00 +,/00
+,-.. = +,-.. =
$9 +,/00 16$9 ,/00
1 + 1 +
45/0067 5/0067
Apparent Flexural Stiffness depends on Span Length
+,-.. = ≠ +,-.. 7
L1 = 20 foot L2 = 16 foot
General Purpose, 2 Way, Plate Action

Flexural Stiffness
EIeff,0 EIeff,90
Shear Stiffness:
5/6 GAeff,0 5/6 GAeff,90
5/6 from A′ = 5/6 A shape factor for rectangular sections
Presenter:
Floor Vibration
Occupant perception of vibration is a highly recommended design consideration.

One approach: US CLT Handbook, Chapter 7 (FPI Method)
Calculated natural frequency of simple span of bare CLT:
2.188 +,-..
?=
267 "5
Where:
EIapp = apparent stiffness for 1 foot strip, pinned supported, uniformly loaded, simple span (Ks = 11.5) (lb-in2)
ρ = specific gravity of the CLT
A = the cross section area (thickness x 12 inches) (in2)
Reference: US CLT Handbook, Chapter 7
Floor Vibration
FPI Method Recommends Limiting CLT Floor Span such that

Based on:
Frequency f > 9.0 Hz - Un-topped CLT
- Simple span
- Bearing wall supports.
Span L Does not account for:
- Supporting beam flexibility
- Multi-span conditions
- Additional floor mass (topping slab, etc)
Recommend for preliminary sizing only

Presenter:
Floor Vibration
CLT Handbook, Chapter 7 Recommendations
Experimental Verification – Results
0.07
Criterion ( f/d^0.7>125.1)
0.06 Unacceptable
Marginal
Static Deflection (inch)

0.05 Acceptable
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0 5 10 15 20
Fundamental Natural Frequency (Hz)
Research by Lin Hu, et al. at
Floor Vibration
FPI Method Recommends Limiting CLT Floor Span such that
Frequency f > 9.0 Hz

Using spreadsheet & iterate:
1) Estimate L
2) Calculate EIapp
Span L 3) Calculate L limit
4) Repeat until converges
OR Values provided by Manufacturers, et al.

Recall:
Presenter:
Floor Vibration
FPI Method Recommends Limiting CLT Floor Span such that:
16 Foot Simple Span Design Example:

Frequency f > 9.0 Hz
5-Ply V1 CLT Layup previously selected:
EIeff,0 = 415x106 lbf-in2/ft
Span L Converged solution:

EIapp,0 = 375.9x106 lbf-in2/ft
f = 11.0 Hz
max L = 17.03 ft > 16 ft
Span meets recommended limit.

Probably OK performance.
FPI Span Limit for Standard Grades / Layups

Grade Layup Thickness FPI Span Limit
E1 3ply 4 1/8” 12’ 5” Grade Layup Thickness FPI Span Limit
E1 5ply 6 7/8” 17’ 4” V1 3ply 4 1/8” 12’ 2”
E1 7ply 9 5/8” 21’ 8” V1 5ply 6 7/8” 17’ 0”
E2 3ply 4 1/8” 12’ 0” V1 7ply 9 5/8” 21’ 3”
E2 5ply 6 7/8” 16’ 8” V2 3ply 4 1/8” 11’ 11”
E2 7ply 9 5/8” 20’ 10” V2 5ply 6 7/8” 16’ 8”
E3 3ply 4 1/8” 11’ 7” V2 7ply 9 5/8” 20’ 10”
E3 5ply 6 7/8” 16’ 1” V3 3ply 4 1/8” 12’ 0”
E3 7ply 9 5/8” 20’ 1” V3 5ply 6 7/8” 16’ 9”
E4 3ply 4 1/8” 12’ 2” V3 7ply 9 5/8” 21’ 0”
E4 5ply 6 7/8” 17’ 0”
E4 7ply 9 5/8” 21’ 3”
Approximate FPI Span Limits:

Approximate FPI Span Limits: - Not for final design:
3-ply: 11 to 12 ft - Does not account for strength or deflections
5-ply: 16 to 17 ft - Does not account for project specifics
7-ply: 20 to 21 ft - Vibrations can be felt by the client.
Sharpen your pencil!
Presenter:
Alternative Vibration Criteria
Alternative: Use acceptance criteria which address low frequency floors

and alternative support configurations.
Calibration of dynamic modeling

with physical testing valuable
SB10
Possible Alternative Vibration Criteria
AISC Design Guide 11, Velocity Criteria (Chapter 6 & 7)

Example Acceptance Criteria: (good performance)
≤ 16,000 µ-in/sec (mips) response to moderate walking in living areas
≤ 8,000 µ-in/sec (mips) response to slow walking pace in sleeping areas.
AISC DG 11 suggests approximate velocity limit of human perception

8,000 µ-in/sec at 8 Hz and above.
AISC Design Guide 11 not for dynamic modeling of CLT floors
Presenter:
SB23
Possible Alternative Vibration Criteria

A common European CLT Floor Design Method:
a) Static deflection to 1 kN point load > 0.25 mm
b) Keep fundamental frequency > 8 Hz
OR
Fundamental frequency > 4.5 Hz
+ additional acceleration investigation and limits
For more information see:

- “Floor Vibrations – New Results” Hamm, Richter & Winter, 2010
- Cross-Laminated Timber Structural Design. Basic design and engineering principles according to
Eurocode. proHolz Austria, 2014
Edgewise Structural Properties
Presenter:
CLT in Lateral Force Resisting Systems
CLT Panels have a significant in-plane shear strength.
Source: ICC-ES ESR 3631
~75 to 195+ PSI Allowable Edgewise Shear
~900 to 2300 PLF per Inch of Thickness.
Consult with the Manufacturers for Details

Source: APA Product Report PR-L306
Standard test method defined using ASTM D198
Presenter:
ICC-ES Acceptance Criteria AC 455
Standardizes In-plane Panel Shear Strength

for use in Floor and Roof Decks
Similar Tests in PRG 320 Standard 2017 Update
SB32

Preview of PRG 320-2017 Update Nomenclature
Reference Shear Capacity
Fv,e,0 W p tp
Shear Stiffness
Ge,0 Wp tp
Reference Flexural Capacity
Fb,e,0 Se,0 Se,0 = W p2 tp / 6
Flexural Stiffness
Ee,0 Ie,o Ie,0 = W p3 tp / 12
Span in MAJOR Strength Direction
Source: ANSI/APA PRG 320-2017
Presenter:
Connection Details
SB7
Connection Styles
Panel to Panel at floors, roofs or walls
Single Surface Spline Half Lap
Presenter:
An Efficient Panel to Panel Connection
Self-Tapping Screws 5 ½” to 6” plywood

as “erection bolts” strip ¾” or 1” Thick
~18” – 24” o.c
Nails at spacing
required for shear
transfer
Graphics: ASPECT Structural Engineers
Connection Styles
Simple connections with:

- Metal angles
- Self taping Screws and
Nails
Source: US CLT Handbook
Presenter:
Mass Timber Design

Connections
Long self tapping screws

used extensively
throughout mass timber
construction
87
Photo Credit: Alex Schreyer
Proprietary Products
Variety of Self Tapping Screws
Presenter:
SB24
Proprietary Products
Source: Simpson Strong-Tie Source: rothoblaas
SB22
CLT in NDS 2015 - Connectors
Connectors for CLT in NDS 2015:

Dowel Type Fasteners, e.g. Lag Screws, Bolts and Nails
Presenter:
CLT in Lateral Force Resisting System
CLT in Lateral Force Resisting Systems
Source: A Ceccotti in the US CLT Handbook
Presenter:
Connections Determine Lateral Strength
Similar to Wood Structural Panel Shear Walls
Light frame shear wall

strength is dependent
on perimeter (edge)
nailing
Source: SDPWS 2008
Connections Determine Lateral Strength
Similar to Wood Structural Panel Shear Walls
CLT Shear Strength

Depends on
Source: US CLT Handbook
Connections
Presenter:
CLT Shear Wall Seismic Design Values
What R value can I use?
Photo: KLH Photo: FPI?
CLT Seismic Design

CLT Seismic Force Resisting Systems Not addressed In
ASCE/SEI 7-10 SDPWS 2015
Presenter:
Albina Yard – Portland Oregon

LEVER Architecture
KPFF Engineering
4-story office
CLT floors and Roof
Glulam Gravity Frame
Light-Frame Shear Walls
Photo: WoodWorks
The Bullitt Center

Seattle, WA
Architect: Miller Hull Partnership
Photos © Nick Lehoux for the Bullitt Center
Presenter:
T3 Minneapolis
Central Core – concrete shearwalls
99
Photo Credit: Structurecraft
FEMA P-695 Study for CLT Shear Walls
Project Lead: John van de Lindt, Colorado State University

4
1
Force (kip)
-1
-2
-3
Test
-4 Fit
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
Displacement (in.)
Testing Modeling Peer Review
Report
Design Method Design Non-Linear Analyses
Presenter:
State of Oregon Statewide Alternative
State of Oregon Statewide Alternative
ASCE 7-10 Table 12.2-1 modified by Oregon Buildings Code Division
Presenter:
Mass timber design

Lateral framing systems
Central core – mass timber shearwalls

Photo Credit: alex schreyer
103
CLT Diaphragms
Strength of CLT rarely (never?)

governs. Capacity provided by
manufactures via ASTM standard
testing. Standard to be included
in PRG 320 Update.
Strength of Connections
covered by NDS 2015 and
Proprietary Fastener
Evaluation Reports
Presenter:
CLT Floors as Diaphragms

Panel In-Plane Strength:
• Panel strength generally does not govern diaphragm shear strength.
• Reference Design Values
• Not covered by APA PRG 320-12 product standard
• Are covered by New ICC AC455 Acceptance Criteria
• Ask for design values from the Manufacturers
Connection Strength:
• Commodity connectors (e.g. Nails) per NDS 2015
• Proprietary Connectors (Self-Tapping Screws) per Evaluation Reports,
Manufacturer’s Information and Engineering Mechanics.
• For seismic design, select connection details so ductile limit states
govern capacities.
SB26
CLT Diaphragm Design Example Paper
Presenter:
SB27
Lateral load, w =1 kip/ft
CLT Panels
Shear Wall
SB28
CLT Diaphragms
Is the Diaphragm
Rigid or Flexible?.
Presenter:
CLT Diaphragms in US Seismic Applications
Calculated Diaphragm Deflections

OR
Enveloped Diaphragm Design
(check for both flexible and rigid diaphragm behavior)
(check for conservatively flexible and conservatively stiff semi-rigid behavior)
• Detailed design example for simple diaphragm following

NDS 2015, US CLT Handbook
• Includes approximate deflection equation:
• Modified 4-term wood panel sheathed diaphragm
equation in SDWPS 15
'()* () ∑ 678
#$%& = + + 2)34 +
+,-. /0( 1( 9.
Chord Panel Connector Chord

Flexure Shear Slip Slip
: : : PL is panel length
2= + PW is panel width
9 ;) ;.
en is connector slip at diaphragm edge
Presenter:
0.283 in + 0.300 in + 0.568 in + 0.199 in = 1.35 in
Seismic Detailing: An European Approach

Fragiacomo, Vasallo et al.
Yielding Connections
Non Yielding Connections
Designed to Overstrength
factor of 1.3 to 1.6 of
yielding connection strength
Typical Assumption of Rigid

Diaphragm Behavior for CLT wall
and floor systems
Presenter:
Seismic Detailing: US CLT Handbook Approach

Yielding Connections
• NDS Yield Modes III and IV govern.
• Strength of other (non-yielding) limit
states at connection designed to
nominal yielding connection capacity.
1/ϕ = 1/0.65 = 1.54 overstrength
factor
Non Yielding Connections

Chords and Anchorage
Routes for Seismic Diaphragms
Possible routes for near term seismic project designs under Alternative
Means and Methods include:
1) Elastic Design Method

• Based on lower-bound strength of components
• Following new ASCE 7-16 alternative diaphragm method to determine
elastic seismic diaphragm force demands
2) Capacity-Based Design Method

• Using designated yielding connections with overstrength
design of non-desirable limit states.
• Based on yielding connection technologies of proven cyclic behavior
! Relatively equivalent to Wood Structural Panel diaphragm
behavior OR
! Advanced Engineering with supporting testing to justify design
Presenter:
SB6
WoodWorks Solutions Paper on CLT Modeling
http://www.woodworks.org/wp-content/uploads/Approach-to-CLT-Diaphragm-Modeling-for-Seismic-WoodWorks-Jan-2017.pdf
Additional Resources
Presenter:
SB6
June 2016 Structures Magazine Article
http://www.structuremag.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/C-StrucDesign-Breneman-Jun161.pdf
SB15
US CLT Handbook
1. Introduction 9. Sound
2. Manufacturing 10.Enclosure
3. Structural 11.Environmental
4. Lateral 12.Lifting
5. Connections
6. DOL and Creep
7. Vibration
8. Fire
Presenter:
Source of CLT Handbook
www.rethinkwood.com/masstimber
Questions?
This concludes The American
Institute of Architects Continuing
Education Systems Course Scott Breneman
Scott.Breneman@WoodWorks.org
144
Presenter:
Copyright Materials
This presentation is protected by US and International
Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use
of the presentation without written permission of the speaker
is prohibited.
© The Wood Products Council 2017
Presenter:

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Structural CLT Floor and Roof Construction

Structural CLT Floor

Scott Breneman, PhD, PE, SE

1. Discuss product manufacturing and design standards relevant to cross laminated

Wood Building Systems

Post and Beam Light Frame Mass Timber

Mass Timber Products

Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)

Images Source: Structurecraft

Mass Timber Products

Cooley Landing Education Center

Photo: Arbor Building Group Photos: WoodWorks

East Palo Alto, CA

Photo Credit: LEVER Architecture

Photo Credit: WoodWorks

ARCHITECT: Lever Architecture

Redstone Arsenal Hotel

Image Credit: Lend Lease

Redstone Arsenal Hotel

18 Stories (17+1) 174 Feet tall

ARCHITECT: Acton Ostray

Cross Laminated Timber

Graphic Credit: StructureCraft

CLT History Timeline • 2010 – 1st

1990 2000 2005 2010 2015

CLT Product Standardization

*All dimensions are approximate.

First Tech Credit Union, Hillsboro, Oregon

North American CLT Product Standard

The Standard Covers:

ANSI/APA PRG 320 Standard for Performance-Rated

CLT Stress Grades

Stress Grade Major Strength Minor Strength Direction

Standard (Non-mandatory) CLT stress grade in PRG 320-2012.

Common CLT Layups

7-ply 7-layer 7-ply 5-layer

PRG 320 Defined Layups

3rd Party Product Certification of CLT

CLT Product Reports

Structural Design Standardization

National Design Specification for Wood Construction

Model Building Code Acceptance

2015 International Building Code

CLT is Defined – 2015 IBC

Highlights of CLT Provisions in IBC 2015

• CLT is generally available for use in Type III, IV and V construction.

• IBC 2015 Chapter 6 Defines Dimensions of CLT to qualify as Heavy

CLT Manufactures for use in the US to PRG-320

• DR Johnson Lumber, Oregon

Working with CLT: Know Your Supply Chain

• CLT Manufactures different CLT grades and maximum panel sizes

Photo: DR Johnson Photo: Sauter Timber

Working with CLT: Communicate Your Requirements

Define the deliverables you need from the supplier:

Structural Section Properties

Non-homogenous, anisotropic material

FLATWISE Panel Loading

Span in MAJOR Strength Direction Span in MINOR Strength Direction

EDGEWISE Panel Loading

Span in MAJOR Strength Direction Span in MINOR Strength Direction

Reference & Source: ANSI/APA PRG 320-2017

Flatwise Flexural Strength

Design properties based on an Extreme Fiber Model: