_...

--- - --- ---

--
------- ---...-86
-_.--
-- -- - --
------
_---~~--

-~~-
-~ ~
--~

PROCEEDINGS

4th International
Ferro AII0liS
Congress
!

RIO DE JANEIRO
From Aug. 31st to Sept. Jrd, 1986

9rganized by
ASSOCIA~OBRASILEIRA DOS
PRODUIDRES DE FERRO LIGAS - ABRAFE
I TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF THE SHAFT TYPE Pe-Mn SMELTING FURNACE -

A. Kitera. S. Sakura1. J. Kurihara, H. Yoshimoto. N. Fukushlms. Y. Seriz8wa ./
(HizuShima Ferro Alloy Co, Ltd. and Kawasaki Steel Corp .• Japan)
niE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF FURNACE LININGS FOR MANGANESE ALLOYS SMELTING
N. J. van der Walt (Tubstse Ferrochrome. South Africa) 17 ./
PRODUCTION OF MANGANESE ALLOYS WITH ORE FROM CARAJaS
B. V. Gorlo! and L. T. Castro ( Cia Vale do Rio Doce, Brazil) 31
MANGANESE SMELTING IN AUSTRALIA USING LUMPY ORE AND SINTER
A. H. Olsen and A. H. Lee (Tasmanian Electra Metallurgical Co. Pey. Ltd. J

Australia) 43 ./
IMPROVEMENT OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY BY PROCESS COMPUTER FOR FERROALLOY ELECTRIC
FURNACE AND PRODUCTION OF MEDIUM OR LOW CARBON FERROMANGANESE BY DIRECT
DECARBONIZATION OP FMnH MELT
K. Yamamoco. S. Ita. S. Terada, T. Soejlma and Y. Kurita (Kobe Steel Ltd.,
Japan) 63 ./
CONTROL OF FURNACE CHARGE BY MICROCOMPUTER. NEW TECHNOLOGY
P. E. L. Pires and J. N. Honteiro Jr. (Eirich Industria) Ltda. Brazil) 79
STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL. A TOOL FOR PROFIT
J. F. CoIl ins and J. E. Cumbo ( SlCW Alloys. toe .• United States) 91
FACTORS AFFECTING THE REDUCTION RATE OF CHROMITE
N. F. Dawson and R. 1. Edwards (Council for Mineral Technology and
University of Natal, South Africa) 105 ./
AN ASSESMENT OF SMELTING REDUCTION PROCESSES IN THE PRODUCTION OF Fe-Cr-C
ALLOYS
H. J. Niayesh and G. W. Fletcher (Council for Mineral Technology, South
Africa) 115 ./
FERROCHROME PRODUCTION AT FERROCHROME PHILIPPINES, INC.
F. BrHuer and W. Weber (Voest Alpine and Ferrochrome Philippines, Austria
and Philippines) 125 v'
CHROME ORE FINES SINTERING IN FERBASA - G. O. Lopes (Cia Ferro-Ligas da
Bahia, Brazil) 147

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF DENSE MEDIA SEPARATION FOR RECOVERING FeCr ENTRAINEO

IN SLAG AND DISCARDING SLAG ADMIXED WITH FeCr FINES - G. A. Apostol1des
(Hellenic Ferroalloys SA, Greece) 157 /
PRODUCTION OF CHARGE CHROME IN A 45 MVA SUBMERGED ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE AT
FACOR, INDIA. USING A MIX OF BRIQUETTED AND LUMPY CHROME ORES -
M. Subramanian, N. Harman, M. Saraf and R. Saraf (Ferro Alloys Corp., India) 161
THE CONTROL AND OPERATION OF A PILOT-PLANT D.C. PLASMA FURNACE -
K. C. Nicol, H. S. Rennie and A. B. Stewart (Council for Mineral Technology,
South Africa) 179
TECHNOLOGY FOR THE PROOUCTION OF NEW GRADES AND TYPES OF FERRO-ALLOYS USING
THERMAL PLASMA - D. Slatter, N. A. Barcza, T. R. Curr, K. U. Maske and L. B.
McRae (Middelburg Steel and Alloys (Pty.) Ltd and Council for Mineral
Technology, South Africa) 191
PYROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSING OF POLYMETALLIC NODULES -
H. Demange and L. Septier (Pechiney Electrometallurgie, France) 205
OPTIMUM UTILIZATION OF BY-PRODUCTS IN FERROALLOY INDUSTRY -
T. Senga, H. Saito and M. Takabatake (Japan Metals & Chemicals Co., Ltd,
Japan) 223 /
RECYCLING OF FINES GENERATED IN THE FERRO ALLOY PROOUCTION THROUGH COLD-
BONDED AGGLOMERATION PROCESS. PRELIMINARY TESTS - J. Martina (Fundacao
Centra Tecnologico de Minas Gerais - CETEC, Brazil) 237
CHROMITE POTENTIAL OF THE VALE DO JACURICI-
P. B. de Deus, M. H. Harinho, G. M. F. Rocha and J. S. Viana (Superintendenc1a
de Geologia q,ecursos Minerais and Cia Ferro-Ligas da Bahia, Brazil) 245
 CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION

EVOLUTION OF HSLA STEELS PRODUCTION IN BRAZIL. AN INFLUENCING FACTOR IN THE INCREASING OF

CONSUMPTION OF SPECIAL FERRO-ALLOYS
P. J. P. Bordignon, E. Q. Oliveira, J. R. P. Schiesari and S. A. Machado (Cia Brasilei-
ra de Metalurgia e Mineracao, Cia Siderurgica Nacional and Cia Siderurgica Paullsta, THE SHAFT TYPE Fe-Mn SMELTING FURNACE
Brazil)
263
THE MICROALLOYING INDUSTRY
H. Stuart and F. Heisterkamp (Niobium Products Co. Inc. and Niobium Products Co.
GmbH, United States and Germany)
279
THE POTENTIAL DEMAND FOR FERROBORON IN LARGE SCALE APPLICATIONS OF AMORPHOUS METALS
FOR TRANSFORMER CORES AND IN OTHER USES - W. J. Rosenfelder (Borax Holdings Ltd.,
United Kingdom)
297
ATSUSHI KITERA
PRODUCTION OF FERRO-BORON BY ELECTRIC FURNACE .. K. Seki, To Hiromoto President and Director, Mizushima Ferro Alloy Co. Ltd.
and T. Inoue (Nippon Denko Co. Ltd., Japan)
309
EFFECT OF CURRENT VARIATIONS ON MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND THERMAL STRESSES IN SHOJ I SAKURA I
SIIlDERBERG ELECTRODES
R. Innvaer, K. Fidje, R. Ugland (Elkem a/s, Norway) Senior ~.anaging Director. flizushima Ferro Alloy Co. Ltd.
321 V
D-C ARC SINGLE ELECTRODE SMELTING FURNACE
B. Kjellberg and B. Orrling (Asea Metallurgy, Sweden) 331 / JUNSAKU KURIHARA
PAST EXPERIENCE AND FUTURE TRENDS ON FUME CONTROL SYSTEM IN THE FERRO ALLOY
INDUSTRY General Manager. Iron & Steelmaking Technology sec.
F. C. Schmitt (Filter Media SA, France) Kawasaki Steel Corp.
343
ALUMINOTHERMIC REDUCTION OF ANATASE CONCENTRATES
L. R. Freitas, P. R. Mazoni and M. W. Saah (Cia Vale do Rio Doce, Brazil) 349 MASAAKI YOSHIMOTO
MANUFACTURING OF NODULIZING ALLOYS AND THEIR APPLICATION
M. Sarlo and H. Richter (Italmagnesio SA, Brazil) General Manager. Blast Furnace Relining & Planning sec.
363
THE USF OF SILICON CONTAINING ALLOYS IN IRON FOUNDRIES - B. Scheffler Kawasaki Stee 1 Corp.
(SKi/ rostberg AG, Federal Republic of Germany) 375
METALL\lRGICAL PRODUCTION OF HIGH PURITY SILICON
A. Sche~ (Elkem a/s, Norway) NORIO FUKUSHIMA
389
Assistant General Manager, Iron & Steelmaking
SILICON METAL SUPPLY AND DEMAND SITUATION IN THE PERIOD 1986-1991 AND ITS
PROBABLE IMPACT ON THE INTERNATIONAL MARRET SITUATION Techno logy sec. Eng ineer ing Di v is ion. Kawasak i Stee I Corp.
F. Myhre and A. G. Arnesen (Elkem a/s, Norway) 399
AVAILABILITY OF MANGANESE ORE AND FUTURE PRODUCTION OF HIGH CARBON FERROMANGANESE
E. Madero B. (Compania Minera Autlan, Mexico) 411 YASUNORI SERIZAWA
LONG TERM TRENDS IN THE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF FERRO-ALLOY METALS General Manager, Mizushima Ferro Alloy Co. Ltd.
J. L. T. Davies (World Bureau of Metal Statistics, United Kingdom) 423
FERRO-A1,.LOYS IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT. AN ECONOMIC VIEW OF THE FUTURE - B. G.
Russell ~ inerals Bureau, South Africa) 433
PRODUCAO E SO DE ENERGIA DERIVADAS DA BIOMASSA FLORESTAL
M. H. Borges, M. R. Almeida and J. C. R. Magalhaes (Cia Acos Especiais Itabira -
ACESITA and Ac sita Energetica SA, Brazil) 447
o CARVAO VEGETAL 0 BRASIL
A. Marr1 and P. A. Games (Fundacao Centra Tecnologico de Minas Gerais-CETEC,
Brazil)
473
ANALISE T£CNICA DA UTlb!ZACAO DE CARVAO VEGETAL PELA INDOSTRIA DE FERRO-LIGAS NO
BRASIL - R. C. Silveira,~ • F. Carmo and M. V. Braga Neto (Cia de Cimento Portland Mizush i ma Ferro Alloy Co. Ltd.
Maringa, BraZil)
481 1-1 Kawasaki Mizushima Kurashiki-shi Okayama. Japan
AUTHOR INDEX 501 Tel 0864 (44) 4241
40 T"L f"• .lu.~\-i.~ or b. c...,.L.", ~v.oJ.wo", .... ,", ~~ 10.1-1-.- bl.wl·~'j ....
J,.Jt.. "'tJ...,..
, ...... t.L\A.- c.o""",t.I~t.,-.
r",,J.. I'OJ<J:./
INFACON 86 PROCEEDINGS
17170supplvol

---_
--
__
--..-_-- -- ---
-----
~
-----~~--
-- -- - -~~_
-~
- -86 .
--..
~
.....

. PROCEEDINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME

RIO DE JA EIRO
From Aug. 31st to Sept. 3rd, 1986

.9rganized by
ASSOCIA(:AO BRASILElRA DOS
PRODUlORES DE FERRO LIGAS • ABRAFE
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD . . . • . • • . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

OPENING SESSION
- Chairman's Greetings - Jarhas o. Nascimento . .
- Opening Address - J. Corgosinho Carva1ho Fi1ho

TECHNICAL PROGRAM AND DISCUSSION

- Session I 11
- Session II 17
- Session III 23
- Session IV 27
- Session V 31
- Session VI 35
- Session VII 41
- Session VIII 47
- Session IX 55
- Session X 61

PANEL DISCUSSION
- The Ferro Alloy Market in Perspective , . . . . • . . . . . . . . 65

John P. Trunzo - The Ferroalloys Association . . . . 67

Herbert Knahl - Institut des Producteurs de Ferro-
A1liages d'Europe Occidentale 87
John C. Hall - South African Ferro Alloy Association 91
Eduardo J. Seabra - Brazilian Association of Ferro
Alloy Producers • • . 105
. Tadaichi Tomioka - Japan Ferro Alloy Association 109
- Discussion 113

CLOSING SESSION

- Message from ICF - Aidan Edwards . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . 115

J
CONGRESS CLOSURE - Jarbas O. Nascimento • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
PAPERS NOT INCLUDED IN THE PROCEEDINGS (Vol. I) FOREWORD
')
- Tests with the Preheating and Pre-Reduction Process on Carajas
J
Manganese Ore and Applications of the Results on a Commercial The 4th International Ferro-Alloys Congress - INFACON 86 - held in
Scale - Helge Krogerus, John Relander and Jorrna Myyri Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from August 31st to September 3rd, 1986
(Outokurnpu OY and Outokurnpu Engineering, Finland) . . . 121 accomplished its main announced proposal:

- The Production of Intermediate Carbon Ferrochromium by Botton

"to convene the members of the ferro-alloys industry
Blowing in a elu-Converter - Johan Basson (Ferrometals Ltd.,
from around the world to review achievements , analyse
South Africa) . . . . . .. . 147
current trends and to look into the future searching
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS AND RELATED ORGANIZATIONS for ways and means to assure prosperity for the
industry."
- Entries by

Participants 163 The Organizing Committee aiming to reach this objective delivered
Countries 177 to all Participants, at the Congress Opening, a volume of the
Proceedings with 500 pages, containing the text of 37 papers, as
Organizations 185
well as previous copies of two other papers.

With the registration of 503 Participants, coming from 33 countries

from the five continents those papers were presented and debated
during the ten Technical Sessions.

This Supplementary Volume contains the INFACON 86 Opening and

Closing Addresses, the discussions of all Technical Sessions, the
two papers not included in the ,preceding volume, "The Ferro-Alloy
Market Perspective" Panel Presentations and the List of
Participants with their respective addresses.

With this volume, the INFACON 86 Organizing Committee concludes

its operational purpose presenting to the ferro-alloys segl\lent one
additional document containing information of interest for all
concerned in the area.

J.O. Nascimento
Chairman

, INFACON 86 PROCEEDINGS (VOL. III