www.lawcommission.gov.

np

g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%#

nfndf]x/ / k|sfzg ldlt
@)%#.!!.!%
;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g
!= g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)%% @)%%.!).@&
@= :jf:Yo ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug{
ag]sf] P]g, @)%* @)%*.%.^
k|df0fLs/0f / k|sfzg ldlt
#= g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)%* @)%*.&.@@
$= g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)^# @)^#.*.@@
%= u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g
;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ @)^^.!).&
^= g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)&) @)&).!@.!@
@)%# ;fnsf] P]g g+=#@
=============
:jf:Yo ;]jfsf] u7g, ;+rfng / ;]jfsf zt{x¿sf] Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] P]g
k|:tfjgfM :jf:Yo ;]jf hg;fwf/0fsf] nflu cTofjZos ;]jf ePsf]n] o; ;]jfnfO{ a9L
;Ifd, ;'b[9, ;]jfd"ns / hgpQ/bfoL agfpg :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] u7g, ;+rnfg / ;]jfsf]
zt{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf ug{ jf~5gLo ePsf]n],
>L % dxf/fhflw/fh jL/]Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfxb]jsf] zf;gsfnsf] kRrL;f}+ jif{df
;+;bn] of] P]g agfPsf]5 .
kl/R5]b–!
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd æg]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%#Æ
/x]sf]5 .


of] P]g bkmf @, $, ^, *, (, !), !#, !%, !^ / !& ;Djt\ @)%$ ;fn h]i7 !$ ut]b]lv k|f/De ePsf] / cGo bkmfx? t'?Gt k|f/De
ePsf] .

of] P]g bkmf @ / # t'?Gt / bkmf $ ldlt @)%% ;fn df3 @& ut]b]lv k|f/De ePsf] .

of] P]g @)^% ;fn h]7 !% ut]b]lv nfu" ePsf] .

gf]6 M ldlt @)^(.!@.@( df g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_ cWofb]z, @)^( hf/L eO{ of] P]g k|f/De x'g' eGbf cufl8 ;Dd of]
cWofb]z sfod /x]sf] .
 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

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-@_ of] P]g >L % dxf/fhflw/fh ;/sf/af6 nfndf]x/ ;b/ aS; ePsf]
ldltn] PsfGgAa]cf}+ lbgb]lv k|f/De x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf,–
-s_ æ:jf:Yo ;]jfÆ eGgfn] bkmf # adf]lhd u7g ul/Psf] g]kfn :jf:Yo
;]jf ;D´g' k5{ .
-v_ æsd{rf/LÆ eGgfn] :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] kbdf axfn /x]sf] JolQm ;D´g'
k5{ .
-u_ æPsLs[t lrlsT;f clws[tÆ eGgfn] dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6
cfo'j]{b tyf Pnf]KofyLdf :gftsf]kflw k|fKt u/L cfo'j]{b lrlsT;f
kl/ifb\df gfd btf{ eO{ :jf:Yo ;]jfdf axfn /x]sf] JolQm ;D´g'
k5{ / ;f] zAbn] of] P]g k|f/De x'Fbf cfo'j]{b lrlsT;f kl/ifb\ u7g
geO;s]sf] eP u7g ePkl5 gfd btf{ x'g] JolQmnfO{ ;d]t
hgfpF5 .
-3_ æclVtof/jfnfÆ eGgfn] bkmf !! adf]lhd lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg]
clwsf/L ;D´g' k5{ .
-ª_ ækl/jf/Æ eGgfn] sd{rf/L;+u a:g] tyf lgh cfkm}n] kfng kf]if0f
ug'{ kg]{ klt, kTgL, 5f]/f, cljjflxtf 5f]/L, wd{k'q, cljjflxtf
wd{k'qL, afa', cfdf jf ;f}t]gL cfdf ;D´g' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] k'?if
/ cljjflxtf dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] k'?if / cljflxtf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf
lghsf] afh], aHo} tyf ±ljjflxtf dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lghsf]
;f;', ;;'/fnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
-r_ æljefuLo k|d'vÆ eGgfn] tf]lsPsf] clwsf/L ;D´g' k5{ .
-5_ æsfof{no k|d'vÆ eGgfn] tf]lsPsf] sfof{nosf] k|d'v sd{rf/L
;D´g' k5{ .
-h_ æ:yfoL kbÆ eGgfn] lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] / Dofb gtf]lsPsf] :jf:Yo
;]jfsf] kb ;D´g' k5{ .
-´_ æljz]if kbÆ eGgfn] ljz]if k|s[ltsf] sfd, st{Jo / pQ/bfloTj
ePsf] / ljz]if lsl;dsf] of]Uotf rflxg] kb ;D´g' k5{ .


t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
± t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

2
 www.lawcommission.gov.np


-`_ ædGqfnoÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof
dGqfno ;D´g' k5{ .

-`!_ æ6«]8 o'lgogÆ eGgfn] bkmf (@ s= sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u7g
x'g] sd{rf/Lx?sf] 6]«8 o'lgog ;Demg' k5{ .

-`@_ æcflwsf/Ls 6]«8 o'lgogÆ eGgfn] bkmf (@ s sf] pkbkmf -#_
adf]lhd u7g x'g] sd{rf/Lx?sf] cflwsf/Ls 6]«8 o'lgog ;Demg'
k5{ .
-6_ ætf]lsPsf]Æ jf ætf]lsPadf]lhdÆ eGgfn] o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf
lgoddf tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsPadf]lhd ;D´g' k5{ .
kl/R5]b–@
:jf:Yo ;]jfsf] u7g
#= :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] u7g M g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf gfdsf] Ps ;]jf u7g ul/Psf]5 .
$= 
;]jfdf /xg] tx M -!_ :jf:Yo ;]jfdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf txx¿ /xg]5g\ M–
clws[t tx ;xfos tx
afx|f}+ kfFrf}+
P3f/f}+ rf}yf]
bzf}+ t];|f]
gjf}+
cf7f}+
;ftf}+
5}7f}+
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg t];|f] txdf s'g}
sd{rf/L g/x]df ;f] tx /xg] 5}g .

-#_ ===================

-$_ ==============
%= ;]jfsf kbx¿ M -!_ :jf:Yo ;]jfsf ljleGg txx¿df ljz]if1 kb nufot
k|fljlws kbx¿ /xg]5g\ . To:tf kbx¿sf] kb gfdx¿ tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .


rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

3
 www.lawcommission.gov.np


-!s_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg tf]lsPsf] of]Uotf
k|fKt ug]{ tf]lsPsf ;xfos txsf sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsP adf]lhd kbgfd lbg
;lsg]5 .

-!v_ pkbkmf -!_ / -!s_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;Dat\
@)^( ;fn r}q @( kl5 t];|f] txdf /x]sf x]Ny OG:k]S;g ;d"x cGt{utsf u|fdL0f
:jf:Yo sfo{stf{ / So"lg6L gl;{ª ;d"x cGtu{tsf dft[lzz' sfo{stf{nfO{ rf}yf]
txdf sfod u/L qmdz M cSh'n/L x]Ny js{; -c=x].j_ / cSh'n/L g;{ ld8jfOkm -
c=g=dL_ sf] kbgfd lbOg]5 .
-@_ dGqfnon] :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] k|To]s txsf] kbsf] sfo{ ljj/0f agfpg]5
/ To:tf] sfo{ ljj/0fdf ;DalGwt kbsf] sfd, st{Jo / pQ/bfloTj tyf clwsf/
;d]t pNn]v ul/g]5 .

-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg u|fdL0f :jf:Yo
sfo{stf{ / dft[lzz' sfo{stf{n] xfn u/L cfPsf] sfo{ qmdzM cSh'n/L x]Ny js{
-c=x]=j_ / cSh'n/L g;{ ld8jfOkm -c=g=dL=_ n] ug]{ u/L dGqfnon] lghx?sf] sfo{
ljj/0f tof/ u/L nfu" ug]{5 .
^= :jf:Yo ;]jf cGtu{t /xg] lrlsT;f k|0ffnLx¿ M -!_ :jf:Yo ;]jf cGtu{t
b]xfosf lrlsT;f k|0ffnLx¿ /xg]5g\ M–
-s_ Pnf]KofyL lrlsT;f k|0ffnL,
-v_ cfo'j]{b lrlsT;f k|0ffnL,
-u_ xf]ldof]KofyL lrlsT;f k|0ffnL .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df pNn]v ePsf lrlsT;f k|0ffnL afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/n]
g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L cGo lrlsT;f k|0ffnL tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
&= ;d"x tyf pk;d"xx¿ M -!_ :jf:Yo ;]jfdf tf]lsPadf]lhdsf ljleGg ;d"x
tyf pk;d"xx¿ /xg]5g\ .
-@_ :jf:Yo ;]jfsf ;d"x tyf pk;d"xx¿df /xg] ljleGg txsf kbx¿sf]
nflu rflxg] Go"gtd of]Uotf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .

&s= b/aGbL ;[hgf M -!_ :jf:Yo ;]jfdf /xg] kbx? tf]lsP adf]lhd ;[hgf ul/g] 5g\ .


rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

g]kfn ;/sf/n] ldlt @)%$.(.& sf] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L æo'gfgL lrlsT;f k|0ffnLÆ nfO{ tf]s]sf] .

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 www.lawcommission.gov.np

-@_ s'g} gofF ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] :yfkgf ug{ ;+u7g ;+/rgf tof/ ubf{,
gofF b/aGbL ;[hgf ubf{ jf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;+u7g ;+/rgf / b/aGbLdf
k'g/fjnf]sg jf x]/km]/ ubf{ dGqfnosf] sfo{qmd, sfo{af]em, sfo{ k|s[lt / b/aGbL
yk ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f tyf ;f]sf] cf}lrTo / pknAw dfgj >f]t ;d]tsf] cfwf/df
;+u7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;e]{If0f u/L dGqfnon] cy{ dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lnO{ ;fdfGo
dGqfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
t/, gofF b/jGbL ;[hgf gu/L ;+u7g ;+/rgf / b/aGbL x]/km]/ ePsf]
cj:yfdf To:tf] x]/km]/ ePsf] ;+u7g ;+/rgf / b/aGbLsf] dfq ;+u7g tyf
Joj:yfkg ;e]{If0f u/L k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k|fKt ;xdltsf] cfwf/df ;fdfGo k|zf;g
dGqfnon] ;f] sf] d"NofÍg u/L tL; lbgleq :jLs[ltsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\
;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–#
:jf:Yo ;]jfsf] kbk"lt{

*= :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] kbk"lt{ M -!_ :Jff:Yo ;]jfsf] b]xfosf txsf tf]lsPsf kbx¿ b]xfo
adf]lhd k"lt{ ul/g]5 M–
j9'jfåf/f
v'Nnf cfGtl/s sfo{ ;Dkfbg
tx sfo{Ifdtfsf]
k|ltof]lutfåf/f k|ltof]lutfTds cg'ejsf] d"NofÍgaf6
d"NofÍg
k/LIff x'g] ;dfof]hgåf/f
-s_ rf}yf] !))Ü – – –
-v_ kfFrf}+ ^%Ü – @)Ü !%Ü
-u_ ;ftf}+ ^%Ü – @)Ü !%Ü
-3_ cf7f}+ !))Ü – – –
-lrlsT;s_
-ª_ gjf}+ @)Ü $)Ü $)Ü –
-lrlsT;s_
-r_ gjf}+ @)Ü $)Ü $)Ü –
-gl;{ª_
-5_ gjf}+ @)Ü %)Ü #)Ü –
-lrlsT;s /
gl;{ª afx]s_


rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

5
 www.lawcommission.gov.np

-5_ P3f/f}{+ !)Ü %)Ü $)Ü –

-h_ jfx|f}+ – !))Ü – –

-@_ v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] nflu rflxg] Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf tf]lsP

adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ v'Nnf tyf cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds kl/Iffåf/f k"lt{ x'g] s'g} txsf]
kbdf ;dfg txsf] jf ;dfg txdf :t/j[l4 eO{ kbgfd k|fKt u/]sf] t/ of] P]g
adf]lhd ;dfof]hg eO{ kb:yfkgf eO{ g;s]sf] s'g} sd{rf/Ln] To:tf] k/LIffsf]
nflu lgwf{l/t of]Uotf k"/f u/]sf] ePdf lgh ;d]t ;f] k/LIffdf ;fd]t x'g ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg kbk"lt{ ug'{ kg]{ kb
eGbf tNnf] txdf sd{rf/L g} gePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] kb v'nf k|ltof]lutfåf/f k"lt{
ul/g]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{
;dfj]zL agfpg v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfåf/f k"lt{ x'g] k}+tfnL; k|ltzt kb 5'6\ofO{ ;f]
k|ltztnfO{ zt k|ltzt dfgL b]xfo adf]lhdsf pDd]bjf/x?sf aLrdf dfq
k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ kbk"lt{ ul/g]5 M–
-s_ dlxnf – t]QL; k|ltzt
-v_ cflbjf;L÷hghflt – ;QfO; k|ltzt
-u_ dw]zL – afO; k|ltzt
-3_ blnt – gf} k|ltzt
-ª_ ckfË – kfFr k|ltzt
-r_ lk5l8Psf] If]q – rf/ k|ltzt
:ki6Ls/0f M
-!_ o; pkbkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ælk5l8Psf] If]qÆ eGgfn]
c5fd, sflnsf]6, hfh/sf]6, h'Dnf, 8f]Nkf, aemfË, afh'/f,
d'u' / x'Dnf lhNnf ;Demg' k5{ .
-@_ o; pkbkmfsf] v08 -s_, -v_, -u_ / -3_ sf] k|of]hgsf]
nflu ædlxnf, cflbjf;L÷hghflt, dw];L / blntÆ eGgfn]
cfly{s / ;fdflhs ?kdf k5fl8 k/]sf dlxnf,
cflbjf;L÷hgfhflt, dw];L / blnt ;Demg' k5{ .

6
 www.lawcommission.gov.np

-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ubf{ Ps k|ltzt eGbf sd 3tfÍ
-km\ofS;g_ h'g ;d"xsf] 3tfÍ cfPsf] xf] ;f] eGbf nuQ} kl5sf] ;d"xdf ;b}{
hfg]5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd 5'6\ofOPsf] kbdf h'g jif{sf] nflu lj1fkg ePsf]
xf] ;f] jif{ x'g] lj1fkgdf pko'Qm pDd]bjf/ pknAw x'g g;s]df To:tf] kb csf]{
jif{ x'g] lj1fkgdf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 / To;/L lj1fkg ubf{ klg pko'Qm pDd]bjf/
pknAw x'g g;s]df To:tf] kb csf]{ jif{ v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfåf/f k"lt{ x'g] kbdf
;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] k|ltztåf/f kbk"lt{ ug]{ Joj:yf
k|To]s bz jif{df k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltzt cg';f/ kb ;+Vof lgwf{/0f ubf{ s'g}
ljjfb cfPdf nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6 ePsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
-!)_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k"lt{ x'g] kb afx]s cGo kb jf txdf bkmf (
adf]lhd :t/j[l4 ul/g]5 .
-!!_ kbk"lt{ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

*s= kbk"lt{df aGb]h M -!_ :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] s'g} klg kbdf o; P]gdf Joj:yf ePb]lv
afx]s cGo s'g} klg tl/sfaf6 kbk"lt{ ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] s'g} kb s'g} tl/sfaf6 l/Qm ePdf ;f]sf] hfgsf/L kb
l/Qm ePsf] Ps dlxgfleq ;DalGwt lgsfon] nf]s;]jf cfof]unfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . ;f]
cjlwleq ;"rgf glbg] kbflwsf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd n]vL cfPdf ;f] cjlw;Dd l/Qm x'g cfPsf] kb /
rfn" cfly{s jif{leqdf cjsfz tyf a9'jfaf6 l/Qm x'g] kb ;d]t olsg u/L dfu
ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-$_ kb k"lt{sf] dfu ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
-%_ dGqfno, ljefu, s]Gb| tyf pkTosfleq /x]sf sfof{nodf sfo{/t
sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lghfdtL lstfavfgf / lhNnfl:yt sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf
;DalGwt sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 tnaL k|ltj]bg kf; gu/fO{ tna
v'jfpg x'Fb}g .


t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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 www.lawcommission.gov.np

-^_ pkbkmf -!_ ljk/Lt s;}n] sd{rf/L lgo'lQm u/]df jf pkbkmf -%_
adf]lhdtnaL k|ltj]bg kf; gu/L tna v'jfPsf] kfOPdf To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] kfPsf]
tna, eQf / cGo ;'ljwf afktsf] /sd lgo'lQm ug]{ / tnj v'jfpg] kbflwsf/Laf6
;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;"n pk/ ul/g]5 .

*v= Hofnfbf/L jf s/f/df lgo'lQm ug{, u/fpg gkfOg] M -!_ s;}n] klg
sd{rf/Ln] ug'{ kg]{ sfdsf] nflu s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ Hofnfbf/L jf s/f/df
lgo'lQm ug{, u/fpg kfpg] 5}g .

t/, :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] s'g} kbdf of]Uotf k|fKt lrlsT;s jf :jf:YosdL{nfO{
b]xfosf] cj:yfdf s/f/ ;]jfdf sfddf nufpg ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ s'g} lrlsT;s jf :jf:YosdL{ cWoog jf c;fwf/0f ljbfdf /x]sf]
cj:yfdf cWoog jf c;fwf/0f ljbfdf a;]sf] cjlwe/,
-v_ ;]jfsf] s'g} kb s'g} sf/0fj; l/Qm x'g uO{ ;f] sf] dfu cfs[lt
kmf/fd e/L nf]s ;]jf cfof]udf k7fO ;s]sf] t/ kbk"lt{ eOg;s]sf]
cjlwe/ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ ljk/Lt s;}n] s'g} JolQmnfO{ lgo'lQm u/], u/fPdf To;/L
lgo'lQm kfPsf] JolQmn] kfPsf] tna, eQf / cGo ;'ljwf afktsf] /sd lgo'lQm ug]{,
u/fpg] kbflwsf/Laf6 ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .

(= :t/j[l4 M -!_ :jf:Yo ;]jfsf b]xfosf txdf b]xfo adf]lhd :t/j[l4 ul/g]5 M–
qm=;++= xfnsf] tx :t/j[l4 ;DalGwt kl5Nnf] b'O{ b'u{d If]qdf ;]jf
x'g] tx txdf cfly{s jif{sf] ug'{ kg]{ cjlw
;]jf ug'{ sfo{;Dkfbg
kg]{ cjlw d"NofÍgdf
k|fKt ug'{ kg]{
cÍ
! rf}yf] kfFrf} kfFr jif{ sDtLdf pQd sDtLdf Ps jif{
clt b'u{d jf b'O{
jif{ b'u{d If]qdf
@= kfFrf}


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

8
 www.lawcommission.gov.np

-s_ z'? lgo'lQm

ePsf jf kfFrf} 5}7f}+ kfFr jif{ sDtLdf pQd sDtLdf Ps jif{
txdf :t/j[l4 clt b'u{d jf b'O{
eO{ ;f] txsf] jif{ b'u{d If]qdf
nflu Go"gtd
z}lIfs of]Uotf
k"/f ePsf
-v_ kfFrf} txdf
cfGtl/s sDtLdf Ps jif{
k|ltof]lutfTds 5}7f}+ cf7 jif{ sDtLdf pQd clt b'u{d jf b'O{
k/LIffåf/f a9'jf jif{ b'u{d If]qdf
ePsf dWo] ;f]
txsf] nflu
Go"gtd z}lIfs
of]Uotf gePsf .
#= 5}7f}+
-s_ 5}7f}+ txdf nf]s
;]jf cfof]usf] ;ftf}+ :jt M – –
k|lqmof k"/f u/L
lgo'Qm ePsf
-v_ 5}7f}+ txdf
:t/j[l4 ePsf ;ftf}+ kfFr jif{ sDtLdf pQd sDtLdf Ps jif{
dWo] al/i7 kfFrf} clt b'u{d jf b'O{
txdf tx ldnfg jif{ b'u{d If]qdf
ePsf
-u_ 5}7f}+ txdf
:t/j[l4 ePsf ;ftf}+ kfFr jif{ sDtLdf pQd sDtLdf Ps jif{
dWo] kfFrf} txdf clt b'u{d jf b'O{
z'? lgo'lQm jif{ b'u{d If]qdf
ePsf

9
 www.lawcommission.gov.np

;ftf}+
-s_ d]l8sn clws[t,
8]06n clws[t, cf7f}+ :jt M – –
cfo'a]{b
lrlsT;s,
PsLs[t lrlsT;f
clws[t jf ;f]
;/xsf cGo
lrlsT;f clws[t
-v_ v08 -s_
afx]ssf 5}7f}+ cf7f}+ tLg jif{ sDtLdf pQd sDtLdf Ps jif{
txdf z'? lgo'lQm clt b'u{d jf b'O{
eO{ ;ftf}+ txsf] jif{ b'u{d If]qdf
kbdf :t/j[l4
ePsf / ;ftf}+
txdf z'? lgo'lQm
ePsf cGo
clws[t
sd{rf/Lx?
% gjf}+ bzf}+ b'O{ jif{ sDtLdf pQd –

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt sd{rf/Ln] ;f] pkbkmfdf plNnlvt cjlw;Dd

;f]xL pkbkmfdf pNn]v ePsf] If]qdf sfd gu/]sf] eP To:tf] gk'u cjlw;Dd
To:tf] If]qdf uO{ ?h' xflh/ eO{ sfd ul/;s]kl5 dfq To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ :t/j[l4
ul/g]5 .
t/, kb jf b/aGbL gePsf sf/0f s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ To:tf] If]qdf v6fpg
g;lsg] ePdf o; bkmfsf] cGo pkbkmfsf] cwLgdf /xL To:tf sd{rf/LnfO{ klg
dflyNnf] txdf :t/j[l4 ug{ jfwf kg]{ 5}g .
-#_ :t/j[l4 ePsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ of]Uotfsf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt ;d"xdf
;d"xLs[t ul/g]5 . To;/L ;d[xLs[t ul/Psf sd{rf/L s'g} sf/0faf6 :jf:Yo ;jfdf
g/x]df lgh axfn /x]sf] b/aGbL :jt M vf/]h x'g]5 .

10
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-$_ dflyNnf] txdf :t/j[l4 ePsf] sd{rf/Ln] P]gsf] bkmf !& sf] pkbkmf
-#_ jf bkmf (v= adf]lhd kb:yfkgf geP;Dd lgh h'g txaf6 :t/j[l4 ePsf] xf]
;f]xL txsf] sfd ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ :t/j[l4 ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
±
(s= :t/j[l4 gul/g] M bkmf ( df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf
b]xfosf] cjlwe/ sd{rf/LnfO{ :t/j[l4 ul/g] 5}g M–
-s_ lgnDag ePsf]df lgnDag ePsf] cjlwe/,
-v_ tnaj[l4 jf a9'jf /f]Ssf ePsf]df tnaj[l4 jf a9'jf /f]Ssf ePsf]
cjlwe/,
-u_ c;fwf/0f ljbfdf a;]sf]df ;f] ljbfsf] cjlwe/,
-3_ k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] :jf:Yo;Fu ;DalGwt
kl/ifb\af6 gfd btf{ lgnDag ePsf]df To:tf] lgnDagsf] cjlwe/ .

(v= kb:yfkg ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ of] bkmf k|f/De x'g' cl3 :t/j[l4 jf tx
ldnfg ePsf t/ :t/j[l4 jf tx ldnfg ePsf] kbdf P]gsf] bkmf !& sf] pkbkmf -
#_ adf]lhd kb:yfkgf eO g;s]sf sd{rf/Lsf] nflu dGqfnon] k"n b/aGbL ;[hgf
u/L ;f] k"n b/aGbLdf To:tf sd{rf/LnfO{ kb:yfkgf ug]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k"n b/aGbLdf kb:yfkg ePsf sd{rf/L dflyNnf]
tx jf kbdf a9'jf jf :t/j[l4 ePdf jf h'g;'s} tl/sfaf6 ;]jfdf g/x]df To:tf]
kb :jtM vf/]h x'g]5 .
-#_ of] bkmf adf]lhd kb:yfkg ePsf] s'g} sd{rf/Ln] ;f] kbsf] nflu
lgwf{l/t Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf jf dGqfnon] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdsf] tfnLd k|fKt
gu/]sf] ePdf To:tf sd{rf/LnfO{ dGqfnon] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdsf] tfnLd
pknAw u/fOg]5 .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd kb:yfkgf ePsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf o:t} k|s[ltsf]
k"n b/aGbLdf dfq ul/g]5 .

(u= ljz]if :j]lR5s cjsfz of]hgf Nofpg ;Sg] M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] of] P]g nfu"
ePkl5 o; P]g adf]lhd :t/j[l4 ePsf t/ :t/j[l4 ePsf] kbdf kb:yfkgf eO{
g;s]sf / P]gsf] bkmf (v= adf]lhd kb:yfkgf ePsf sd{rf/LdWo] lgj[Qe/0f

± t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

11
 www.lawcommission.gov.np

kfpg] cj:yfsf sd{rf/LnfO{ nlIft u/L Ps k6ssf] lglDt ljz]if :j]lR5s

cjsfz of]hgf sfo{qmd Nofpg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd NofOPsf] :j]lR5s cjsfz of]hgf cg';f/
cjsfz lng rfxg] sd{rf/Ln] ;f] sfo{qmd nfu" ePsf] 5 dlxgfleq dGqfno
;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 / To;/L lgj]bg lbg] sd{rf/LnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n :j]lR5s
cjsfz lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd :j]lR5s cjsfz kfpg] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f7L jif{
pd]/ ggf3\g] u/L a9Ldf ;ft jif{ ;]jf cjlw yk u/L lgj[Qe/0fsf] nflu hDdf
;]jf cjlw sfod ul/g]5 .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd :j]lR5s cjsfz kfpg] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;ft jif{
;Ddsf] lgj[Qe/0f a/fa/sf] /sd Psd'i6 ?kdf e'QmfgL lbg ;lsg]5 .
-%_ljz]if :j]lR5s cjsfz of]hgf ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
!)= nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;df lgo'lQm x'g] M v'Nnf k|ltof]lutf jf cfGtl/s
k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffåf/f k"lt{ x'g] kbdf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;sf]
cfwf/df lgo'lQm ul/g]5 .
!!= :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] kbdf lgo'lQm M -!_ :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] clws[t txsf] kbdf
g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgo'lQm ug]{5 / To:tf] lgo'lQmsf] ;"rgf g]kfn /fhkqdf
k|sfzg ul/g]5 .
-@_ :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] ;xfos txsf] kbdf ljefuLo k|d'vn] lgo'lQm ug{
;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sfof{no k|d'vn]
cfˆgf] / cfˆgf] dftxtsf sfof{nosf ;xfos klxnf] txb]lv kfFrf}+ tx;Ddsf] kbdf
.
lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg]5
!@= lgo'lQmsf nflu cof]Uotf M b]xfosf JolQmx¿ :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] kbdf lgo'lQm
x'g ;Sg] 5}gg\ M–
-s_ ;xfos txsf] kbdf c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k"/f gePsf,
-v_ clws[t txsf] kbdf PSsfO; jif{ pd]/ k"/f gePsf,
-u_ k}+tfln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f e};s]sf,

12
 www.lawcommission.gov.np

t/ :jf:Yo ;]jfsf axfnjfnf :yfoL sd{rf/L / :jf:Yo

;]jfsf] kbdf lgodfg';f/ lgo'lQm eO{ cljlR5Gg ¿kdf kfFr jif{
;]jf cjlw k"/f u/]sf axfnjfnf c:yfoL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf pd]/sf]
xb nfUg]5}g .
-3_ k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] :jf:Yo ;DaGwL Jofj;flos
kl/ifb\df gfdbtf{ gePsf / gfdbtf{ gjLs/0f gePsf,

t/ k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] :jf:Yo
;DaGwL s'g} Jofj;flos kl/ifb\df gfd btf{ x'g] Joj:yf g}
gePsf] txsf] kbdf lgo'lQm x'gsf] nflu o; v08n] afwf
k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-ª_ eljiodf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6
a/vf:t ul/Psf,
-r_ u}/ g]kfnL gful/s,
-5_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 s;"/bf/
7xl/Psf] .

!#= c:yfoL lgo'lQm ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ nf]s;]jf cfof]un] cfkm"n] ;+rfng
u/]sf] k/LIffdf :yfoL lgo'lQmsf] nflu l;kmfl/z gePsf pDd]bjf/x¿ dWo]af6
c:yfoL lgo'lQm ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu 5'§} of]Uotfqmd cg';f/sf] ;"lr k|sfzg
ug]{5 .
-@_ ;]jfsf] s'g} l/Qm kbdf c:yfoL lgo'lQm ug{' kg]{ ePdf clVtof/jfnfn]
nf]s ;]jf cfof]udf n]lv k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd n]lv cfPdf nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] of]Uotf qmdsf]
;"lrdf /x]sf JolQmnfO{ dfusf] cfwf/df a9Ldf ^ dlxgfsf] nflu c:yfoL lgo'lQm
ug{ gfd l;kmfl/z u/L k7fpg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"lr k|sfzg gePsf] cj:yfdf jf pkbkmf -#_
adf]lhd l;kmfl/z ePsf JolQmsf] ;+Vof l/Qm kb ;+Vof eGbf sd ePdf nf]s ;]jf
cfof]usf] ;xdlt lnO{ ^ dlxgf ;Ddsf] nflu c:yfoL lgo'lQm ug{ ;lsg]5 .


bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

13
 www.lawcommission.gov.np

-%_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6 :yfoL kbk"lt{sf] nflu l;kmfl/z eO{ gcfP;Dd
nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] ;xdlt lnO{ o; bkmf adf]lhd lgo'lQm ul/Psf sd{rf/Lsf]
Dofb yk ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd c:yfoL lgo'lQm u/]sf] hfgsf/L ;ft lbg leq
;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-&_ dfly h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;]jfsf] s'g} kbdf :yfoL
kbk"lt{sf nflu nf]s ;]jf cfof]udf dfu gu/L To:tf] kbdf c:yfoL lgo'lQm ug{
kfOg] 5}g .
-*_ o; bkmf ljk/Lt s;}n] c:yfoL lgo'lQm u/] u/fPdf To:tf] lgo'lQm
ePsf] sd{rf/Ln] vfO{ kfO{ cfPsf] tna, eQf / cGo ;'ljwf jfktsf] /sd lgo'lQm
ug]{ u/fpg] kbflwsf/Laf6 ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;"n pk/ ul/g]5 .
!$= kbflwsf/ sfod /xg] M b]xfosf] cj:yfdf sd{rf/Lsf] cfˆgf] kb dflysf]
kbflwsf/ sfod /xg]5 M–
-s_ To; kbdf sfdsfh ul//xFbf ;Dd .
-v_ csf]{ kbdf ;?jf eO{ sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg kfOg] Dofb ;Dd .
-u_ labf :jLs[t u/fO{ a;]sf] avt .
-3_ lgnDag /x]sf] avt .
-ª_ g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f ;/sf/L jf u}/ ;/sf/L sfddf v6fOPsf avt
jf s'g} cGo kbdf sfod d'sfod eO{ sfd u/]sf] avt .
!%= sfod d'sfod M -!_ :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] l/Qm jf kbflwsf/ /x]sf] s'g} ljefuLo
k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vsf] kbdf dfq a9Ldf Ps jif{ ;Ddsf] nflu To:tf] l/Qm
jf kbflwsf/ /x]sf] kbeGbf Ps tx d'gLsf] ;DalGwt ;d"x, pk;d"xsf
sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] cfwf/df sfod d'sfod d's// ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ========== nf]s ;]jf
cfof]uaf6 :yfoL k"lt{sf lgldQ l;kmfl/; eO{ gcfP;Ddsf] nflu nf]s ;]jf
cfof]usf] k/fdz{df ;f] kbdf sfod d'sfodsf] cjlw a9Ldf Ps jif{sf] nflu yk
ug{ ;lsg]5 .


t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

14
 www.lawcommission.gov.np

!^= zky u|x0f ug]{ M klxnf] k6s lgo'lQm e} cfˆgf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg' cl3 k|To]s
sd{rf/Ln] tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] zky u|x0f ug'{ kg]{5 .

!&= kb:yfkg ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ sd{rf/LnfO{ kb:yfkg ubf{ lghsf] z}lIfs
of]Uotf, tflnd / cg'ejsf] cfwf/df ul/g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg 5}7f}+ txaf6 ;ftf}+
txdf kb:yfkg ubf{ ;f] txdf tx / kb ldnfg ePsf sd{rf/LdWo] ;ftf}+ txsf]
nflu lgwf{l/t z}lIfs of]Uotf k|fKt u/]sf] / h]i7tf / ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/]sf]
sd{rf/LnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ kb:yfkgf ul/g]5 .

-#_ bkmf % sf] pkbkmf -!s_ adf]lhd kbgfd kfPsf] / o; P]g adf]lhd
:t/j[l4 jf tx ldnfg ePsf] cfwf/df kbgfd k|fKt u/]sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ bkmf *
sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;dfof]hg u/L kb:yfkg ul/g]5 .

-$_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg rf}yf] txsf] nflu
Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf jf tfnLd k|fKt u/]sf sd{rf/LnfO{ dfq ;f] txdf
kb:yfkgf ul/g]5 .

-%_ P]gsf] bkmf * sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ / -u_ adf]lhd sfo{
;Dkfbg tyf cg'ejsf] d"NofÍgaf6 sd{rf/Lsf] ;dfof]hg ubf{ b]xfosf]
of]Uotfqmdsf] cfwf/df ul/g]5 M–
-s_ ;DalGwt txdf :t/j[l4 jf tx ldnfg ePsf / lgwf{l/t
z}lIfs of]Uotf xfl;n u/]sf sd{rf/LdWo]af6 h]i7tfsf]
cfwf/df,
-v_ v08 -s_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf gePdf
xfn :t/j[l4 ePsf] jf tx ldnfg ePsf] tx eGbf Ps tx
d'lgsf] kb jf txsf] nflu lgwf{l/t z}lIfs of]Uotf k|fKt
u/]sf sd{rf/Lx?dWo] h]i7tfsf] cfwf/df,
-u_ v08 -s_ / -v_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf
gePdf dGqfnon] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdsf] tfnLdf k|fKt
u/]sf sd{rf/Lx?dWo] h]i7tfsf] cfwf/df,


t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

15
 www.lawcommission.gov.np

-3_ v08 -s_, -v_ / -u_ adf]lhd z}lIfs of]Uotf jf tfnLd

gePdf xfn sfo{/t /x]sf] txsf] h]i7tfsf] cfwf/df,

-^_ kb:yfkgf ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
±
!*= k/LIf0f sfn M :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] :yfoL kbdf gofF lgo'lQm ubf{ dlxnf
sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf 5 dlxgf / k'?if sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf Ps jif{sf] k/LIf0f sfndf
/xg] u/L ul/g]5 . k/LIf0f sfndf lghsf] sfd ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf lghsf]
lgo'Qm ab/ ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L lgo'lQm ab/ gul/Psf sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm
k/LIf0f sfn ;dfKt ePkl5 :jtM ;b/ ePsf] dflgg]5 .
t/ Ps k6s :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] :yfoL kbdf k/LIf0f sfn e'Qmfg
ul/;s]sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ k'gM k/LIf0f sfndf /flvg]5}g .

!(= ;lrjsf] lgo'lQm M -!_ k|rlnt sfg'gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg :jf:Yo
;]jfsf] af¥xf}+ txdf sfo{/t / P3f/f}+ txdf sDtLdf kfFr jif{ sfd u/]sf] sd{rf/L
h]i7tf / sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/df :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnosf] ;lrj
kbdf lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg]5 .

-!s_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;lrj kbdf lgo'lQm x'gsf] nflu g]kfn
;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] pRr:t/Lo Joj:yfkg tfnLd pQL0f{ u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .

-!v_ ;lrjsf] lgo'lQm b]xfo adf]lhdsf] a9'jf ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df
g]kfn ;/sf/n] ug]{5 M–
-s_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf lghn]
tf]s]sf] ;f] cfof]usf] ;b:o – cWoIf
-v_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] ;f]
cfof]usf] ;b:o – ;b:o
-u_ d'Vo ;lrj – ;b:o
-3_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]uåf/f dgf]gLt ;DalGwt
ljifosf] ljz]if1 – ;b:o
-ª_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrj – ;b:o–;lrj

 rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
± t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

16
 www.lawcommission.gov.np

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm ;lrjsf] kbfjlw bkmf $% sf] cwLgdf
/xL kfFr jif{ x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;lrjsf] kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ lghn] afx|f}+ txdf
u/]sf] ;]jf cjlwnfO{ ;d]t u0fgf ul/g]5 .
kl/R5]b–$
;?jf, sfh / a9'jf

@)= ;?jf ug]{ / sfhdf v6fpg] clwsf/ M -!_ ;xfos txsf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf
ug]{ / sfh v6fpg] clwsf/ clVtof/jfnfnfO{ x'g]5 .
-@_ clws[t txsf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf ug]{ / sfh v6fpg] clwsf/
b]xfo clwsf/LnfO{ x'g]5 M–
-s_ 5}7f}+ / ;ftf}+ txsf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;DalGwt
ljefuLo dxflgb]{zs jf dxflgb]{zs kb gePsf]
ljefudf lgb]{zs,
-v_ cf7f}+, gjf}+ / bzf}+ txsf sd{rf/L xsdf dGqfnosf]
;lrj .

@!= ;?jf ubf{ jf sfhdf v6fpFbf lnOg] cfwf/ M -!_ sd{rf/LnfO{ b]zsf] ljleGg
ef}uf]lns If]qsf] cg'ej lbnfpg] u/L clt b'u{d, b'u{d / ;'ud If]qdf ;?jf
ul/g]5 .
-@_ ef}uf]lns b[li6n] clt b'u{d, b'u{d / ;'ud If]qsf] ljefhg tyf
pkljefhg tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ sd{rf/LnfO{ clt b'u{d If]qdf sDtLdf Ps jif{ jf b'u{d If]qdf sDtLdf
b'O{ jif{ k"/f geO{ ;fdfGotof ;?jf ul/g] 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; pkbkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æPs jif{Æ eGgfn] sDtLdf
@## lbg ?h' xflh/ ePsf] cjlwnfO{ dflgg]5 .
-$_ s'g} klg sd{rf/LnfO{ Ps jif{df tL; lbg eGbf a9L ;dosf] nflu s'g}
sfof{nodf sfhdf v6fpg kfOg] 5}g . ;f] cjlweGbf a9L cjlwsf] nflu s'g}
sd{rf/LnfO{ sfhdf v6fOPsf]df To;/L sfh v6fOPsf] cjlwdf To:tf] sd{rf/Ln]


rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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kfPsf] tna eQfsf] /sd To;/L sfh v6fpg] kbflwsf/Lsf] tna eQfaf6 s§f
u/L c;"n pk/ ul/g]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf
tL; lbgeGbf a9L cjlwsf] nflu s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ sfhdf v6fpg ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ k|fs[lts k|sf]k jf ;+qmfds /f]usf] pkrf/sf] nflu jf
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dgf]gog eO{ s'g} tflnd, ;]ldgf/, uf]i7L
jf /fli6«o sfo{qmddf efu lng,
-v_ s'g} kbdf sfod d'sfod d's// ug{,
-u_ sfof{no k|d'v jf PsfO sfof{no k|d'vsf] l/Qm kb tTsfn
k"lt{ ug{ g;lsg] cj:yfdf ;f] sfd ug{ .
-^_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd clt b'u{d jf b'u{d If]qdf ;?jf ePsf] sd{rf/L
pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd tflnd, ;]ldgf/, uf]i7L jf /fli6«o sfo{qmddf sfh vl6Pdf
To;/L sfh vl6Psf] cjlwe/ To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] clt b'u{d jf b'u{d If]qdf sfd
u/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .

@!s= kb jf b/aGbL ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ bkmf @! adf]lhd sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf
ubf{ kb jf b/aGbL gk'u x'g uPdf s'n b/aGbLdf ga9\g] u/L gk'u eP hlt kb
jf b/aGbL :jtM ;[hgf x'g]5 / To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] cGoq ;?jf ePkl5 ;f] kb jf
b/aGbL :jtM vf/]h x'g]5 .
-@_ o; P]g jdf]lhd dflyNnf] txdf txldnfg jf :t/j[l4 ePsf
sd{rf/Lx¿ ;f] txdf axfn /x];Dd To:tf] kb :jtM >[hgf x'g]5 / To:tf] txsf]
kb s'g} tl/sfn] l/Qm x'g cfPdf z'?sf] txsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5 .

-#_ :jf:Yo ;]jfdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] t];|f] txaf6 rf}yf] txdf hlt
;+Vofsf sd{rf/Lx? :t/j[l4 ePsf 5g] TolQ g} ;+Vofdf rf}yf] txdf :jtM b/aGbL
;[hgf x'g]5 .

-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;[hgf ePsf] b/aGbLdf /x]sf sd{rf/Lsf]
kbgfd tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

@!v= ljz]if sfo{ ug{ sd{rf/L v6fpg ;Sg] M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg dGqfnon] ;"rgf hf/L u/L dxfdf/L tyf ;+qmfds /f]u


t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
 rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

18
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lgoGq0f jf :jf:Yo ;DaGwL ljz]if sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{] ePdf ;f] sfo{ ;DkGg
ug{sf] nflu ljz]if1 lrlsT;s nufot :Jff:Yo ;]jfsf s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ Ps
jif{;Ddsf] nflu ;DalGwt lhNnf jf If]qdf sfhdf v6fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tLg dlxgfeGbf al9 cjlw sfhdf vl6g]
sd{rf/Ln] sfh vl6Psf] sfof{nodf ?h' xflh/ ePdf a9'jf k|of]hgsf] nflu ;f]lx
ef}uf]lns If]qsf] tf]lsPsf] cÍ kfpg]5 .

@@= cjlw k"/f gx'Fb} ;?jf ug{ ;lsg] M bkmf @! df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
b]xfosf] cj:yfdf s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ cjlw k"/f gx'Fb} ;?jf ug{ ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f s'g} sd{rf/L s'g} :yfgdf
/xL sfd ug{ g;Sg] s'/f g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f ul7t d]l8sn af]8{n]
l;kmfl/; u/]df,
-v_ s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL ug'{ k/]df,
-u_ b/aGbL s6f}tL eO{ ;f] b/aGbLdf sfo{/t sd{rf/L kmflhndf k/]df,

-u!_ s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ ljz]if lhDd]jf/L lbg' k/]df,
-3_ u|fdL0f :jf:Yo sfo{stf{, cfo'j]{lbs :jf:Yo sfo{stf{ / dft[lzz'
sfo{stf{sf] kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/LnfO{ kf/:kl/s ;xdltsf]
cfwf/df jf To:tf] kb s'g} sfof{nodf l/Qm ePdf sd{rf/Lsf]
dfusf] cfwf/df .
@#= ;?jf ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf M ;?jf ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsPadf]lhd
x'g]5 .
@$= a9'jf M :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] clws[t txsf] kbdf a9'jf ubf{ bkmf @% adf]lhd ul7t
a9'jf ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df ul/g]5 .
@%= a9'jf ;ldlt M -!_ :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] clws[t txsf] kbdf a9'jfsf] nflu
l;kmfl/; ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] a9'jf ;ldlt /xg]5 M–
-s_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf lghn]
tf]s]sf] nf]s ;]jf cof]usf] ;b:o –cWoIf
-v_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf]
nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] ;b:o – ;b:o
-u_ d'Vo ;lrj – ;b:o


t];|f] ;+zf]wg/f ;+zf]lwt .
 rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

19
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-3_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]uåf/f dgf]gLt

;DalGwt ljifosf] ljz]if1 –;b:o
-ª_ :jf:Yo dGqfnosf] ;lrj – ;b:o–;lrj
-@_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg afx|f}+ txsf] kbdf
a9'jf ug{ a9'jf ;ldltn] pknAw eP;Dd l/Qm kbsf] sDtLdf krf; k|ltzt yk
pDd]bfjf/nfO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df l;kmfl/; ug]{5 / To;/L l;kmfl/;
ul/Psf pDd]bjf/x¿dWo]af6 g]kfn ;/sf/n] h]i7tf / sfo{ s'zntfsf] cfwf/df
pko'Qm 7x¥ofPsf] pDd]bjf/nfO{ a9'jf ug]{5 .
-#_ :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] ;xfos txsf] kbdf a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug{
tf]lsPsf] a9'jf ;ldlt /xg]5 .
-$_ a9'jf ;ldltn] sd{rf/Lx¿sf] a9'jfsf] l;kmfl/; ug{ ckgfpg' kg]{
sfo{ljlw tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
-%_ a9'jf ;ldltsf] a}7s k|To]s ^ dxLgfdf a:g]5 / a9'jfsf] b/vf:t
kmf/fd k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] tLg dxLgfleq a9'jfsf] l;kmfl/; u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 .
±
@%s= :t/j[l4 tyf a9''jf ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;''s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Pp6} txdf kGw| jif{;Dd axfn /lx/x]sf] bzf}+ tx;Ddsf]
:jf:Yo ;]jfsf] s'g} sd{Rff/Lsf] bkmf $% adf]lhd cjsfz x'g Ps dlxgf afFsL
ePdf lghnfO{ Ps tx dflysf] kbdf :t/j[l4 jf a9'jf ul/g]5 .
-@_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Pp6} txdf kGw|
jif{;Dd axfn /lx/x]sf] bzf}+ tx;Ddsf] :jf:Yo ;]jfsf s'g} sd{rf/Ln] bkmf $^
adf]lhd :j]lR5s cjsfz lng rfxL lgj]bg lbPdf lghnfO{ Ps tx dflysf] txdf
:t/j[l4 jf a9'jf u/L cjsfz lbOg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd :t/j[l4 jf a9''jf ug{sf] nflu :jtM ljz]if kb
;[hgf x'g] 5 / To:tf] sd{rf/L :jf:Yo ;]jfaf6 cjsfz ePkl5 ;f] kb :jtM
vf/]h x'g]5 .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd :t/j[l4 jf a9'jf kfpg] sd{rf/LnfO{ lghn] tNnf]
txaf6 cjsfz lnFbf kfpg] ;'ljwfeGbf sd ;'ljwf gx'g] u/L ;'ljwf k|bfg
ul/g]5 .


t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
± t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

20
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
@%v= lhDd]jf/L glbO{ /fVg gx'g] M -!_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf afx]s s'g} klg sd{rf/LnfO{
kbLo lhDd]jf/L glbO{ Ps dlxgf eGbf a9L cjlw;Dd /fVg ;lsg] 5}g M–
-s_ nfdf] ljbf /x]sf]df,
-v_ lgnDjg ePsf]df, jf
-u_ cGoq sfh vl6Psf] sf/0f kbflwsf/ /x]sf] kbdf sfod /fVg kg]{
gePdf
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ kbLo lhDd]jf/L glbO{ /fv]df lhDd]jf/L
lbO{ sfddf nufpg kg]{ bfloTj ePsf] kbflwsf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL x'g]5 .

@^= a9'jfsf] nflu Go"gtd of]Uotf / ;]jf cjlw M sd{rf/Ln] a9'jfsf] nflu
pDd]bjf/ x'g tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf k|fKt u/]sf] / a9'jf x'g] txeGbf
Ps tx d'lgsf] kbdf /xL sDtLdf tLg jif{ ;]jf cjlw k"/f u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 .
t/,
-!_ ;Djt\ @)%$ ;fn h]i7 !$ ut]kl5 tx ldnfg x'Fbf jl/i7
kfFrf}+ tx sfod ul/Psf] jf kfFrf} txdf bz jif{ ;]jf u/]sf]
sd{rf/Lsf] kfFrf}+ txsf] nflu lgwf{l/t z}lIfs of]Uotf geP
klg a9'jfsf] nflu pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg]5 .
-@_ ;Djt\ @)^( ;fn r}q @( kl5 a9'jfsf] nflu pDd]bjf/
x'g sDtLdf Ps jifP clt b'u{d jf sDtLdf b'O{ jif{ b'u{d
If]qdf sfd u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]uåf/f lgwf{l/t k|lqmof k"/f u/L ;ftf}+ txdf
lgo'lqm eO{ ;Dat\ @)^( ;fn r}q @( cl3 cf7f}+ txdf
:t/j[l4 ePsf] sd{rf/Ln] ;f] txeGbf sDtLdf Ps tx
d'lgsf] txdf sDtLdf b'O{ jif{ b'u{d If]qdf sfd u/]sf] eP
lghn] b'u{d If]qdf sfd u/]sf] dfgL gjf}+ txsf] a9'jfsf]
nflu pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf
sd{rf/Lx? a9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg] 5g\ M–
-s_ kb jf b/aGbL gePsf] sf/0f clt b'u{d jf b'u{d If]qdf
;]jf ug{ gkfPsf]df,

 rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

21
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-v_ a9'jf x'g] kbeGbf Ps tx d'lgsf] kbdf sDtLdf cf7 jif{

;]jf cjlw k"/f u/]sf] ePdf,
-u_ ;]jfsf s'g} txsf] kbdf sDtLdf b'O{ jif{ sf7df8f}+ pkTosf
aflx/sf lhNnfdf ;]jf u/]s]f / a9'jf x'g] kbeGbf Ps tx
d'lgsf] kbdf kfFr jif{ ;jf u/]sf ePdf .

@^s= ;]jf cjlwsf] u0fgf M -!_ ;Djt\ @)%$ ;fn h]i7 !$ ut]eGbf cl3 lghfdtL
;]jf P]g, @)$( adf]lhd g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] ;dfg :t/sf] kbdf /xL u/]sf] ;]jf
cjlw o; P]g adf]lhd a9'jf k|of]hgsf] nflu u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-@_ of] bkmf k|f/De x'g'cl3 nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L 5}7f}+ / ;ftf}+
txdf lgo'lQm ePsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;f] txdf u/]sf] ;]jf cjlw dflyNnf] txdf :t/j[l4
jf a9'jf k|of]hgsf] nflu u0fgf ul/g]5 .

@&= a9'jfsf] nflu ;+efJo pDd]bjf/ x'g gkfpg] M -!_ bkmf @^ df h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf b]xfosf] cjlw e/ sd{rf/L a9'jfsf]
nflu ;+efJo pDd]bjf/ x'g kfpg] 5}g M–
-s_ lgnDag ePsf]df lgnDag ePsf] cjlwe/,
-v_ a9'jf /f]Ssf ePsf]df /f]Ssf ePsf] cjlwe/,
-u_ tna a[l4 /f]Ssf ePsf]df /f]Ssf ePsf] cjlwe/,
-3_ =========
-ª_ k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd u7g ePsf] :jf:Yo ;DaGwL Jofj;flos
kl/ifb\af6 gfd btf{ lgnDag ePsf] sd{rf/L To:tf] lgnDagsf] cjlwe/ .

-ª!_ c;fwf/0f ljbfdf a;]sf cjlwe/,
±
-r_ bkmf $% sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd yk ePsf] ;]jf cjlwe/ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} sd{rf/L a9'jfsf]
;"rgf k|sfzg eO;s] kl5 ;f]xL pkbkmfsf] v08 -s_ / -ª_ adf]lhd lgnDag
ePdf jf v08 -v_ jf -u_ adf]lhd a9'jf /f]Ssf jf tna j[l4 /f]Ssf ePdf To:tf]
cjlwe/ lghsf] a9'jf lgo'lQm /f]Ssf ul/g]5 / ;f] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 lgh
lgnDag jf /f]Ssf geP ;/x dfgL a9'jf lgo'lQm lbO{ h]i7tf dfq sfod ul/g]5 .


t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
 rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
± t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

22
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@*= sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof+sg M sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof+sg ug{

tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fd k|of]u ul/g]5 .
@(= a9'jfsf] cfwf/ M -!_ a9'jf ;ldltn] sd{rf/LnfO{ a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ubf{
lghsf] sfo{Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df ug]{5 .
-@_ sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+sg ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd a9Ldf !)) c+s
lbOg]5 M–
-s_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg afkt $) c+s
-v_ h]i7tf afkt @) c+s
-u_ ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/] afkt @% c+s
-3_ z}lIfs of]Uotf / tflnd afkt !% c+s
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] c+ssf] ljefhg tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .

-$_ sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg tf]lsPsf] cfwf/df ul/g]5 .
-%_ ===========
-^_ ============

@(s=j}olQms ljj/0f /fVg'kg]{ M -!_ cfˆgf] sfof{nodf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms
ljj/0f b'?:t /fVg] lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vsf] x'g]5 .
cfˆgf] JolQmut ljj/0f cBfjlws ug{] u/fpg] bfloTj ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] x'g]5 .
-@_ a9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ eO;s]sf sd{rf/Lx¿n] ;/sf/L sfd,
cWoog jf sfhsf] l;nl;nfdf ljb]zdf /xL jf b}jL ljklQ jf sfa'aflx/sf]
kl/l:ylt k/L b/vf:t kmf/fd k]z ug{ g;s]df a9'jf ;"rgfsf] Dofbleq ;DalGwt
ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vn] To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] ljj/0f a9'jf ;"rgf k|sfzg
ug]{ sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 . o;/L k7fOPsf] ljj/0fnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL a9'jf
;ldltn] a9'jfsf] sf/afxL 6'Ëf] nufpg]5 .
-#_ s'g} pDd]bjf/n] a9'jfsf] b/vf:t kmf/fd ebf{ e'm7f] ljj/0f k]z u/]sf]
Joxf]/f k|dfl0ft ePdf lghnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo ul/g]5 .
#)= a9'jfsf] zt{df kl/jt{g M bkmf @^, @^s, @&, @* / @( jf ;f] cGtu{t ag]sf
lgodx¿df s'g} ;+zf]wg ubf{ To:tf] ;+zf]wg ePsf] Ps jif{ kl5sf] ldltb]lv dfq
nfu" x'g] u/L Joj:yf ul/g]5 .


t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

23
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
t/ bkmf @^ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+z v08 -@_ /
pkbkmf -@_ sf] Joj:yf ;Dat\ @)^( ;fn r}q @( b]lv nfu" ePsf] dflgg]5 .
#!= ;d"x jf pk–;d"x kl/jt{gM -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos 7fg]df s'g}
sd{rf/LnfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] Ps ;d"x jf pk;d"xaf6 csf]{ ;d"x jf pk;d"xdf
nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lnO{ tf]lsPsf] cfwf/df ;d"x jf pk;d"x kl/jt{g
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] :jf:Yo ;]jfdf axfn /x]sf] s'g} JolQmnfO{ ljz]if
of]Uotf xfl;n ug{ cWoogdf k7fPsf]df To:tf] JolQm cWoog k"/f u/]/ ;]jfdf
xflh/ ePkl5 nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lnO{ lghsf] ljz]if of]Uotf cg';f/sf]
;DalGwt ;d"x jf pk;d"xdf kl/jt{g ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
±
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd csf]{ ;d"x jf pk;d"xdf kl/jt{g ubf{ To:tf]
;d"x jf pk;d"xdf kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf dfq ug{ ;lsg]5 .
kl/R5]b–%
cWoog / tflnddf dgf]gog ;DaGwL Joj:yf
#@= cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fsf] lgldQ dgf]gogsf cfwf/x¿ M
cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fsf lgldQ sd{rf/LnfO{ dgf]gog ubf{
dGqfnon] ================= dGqfno / cGt/utsf sd{rf/Lx¿ dWo]af6 b]xfosf]
cfwf/df dgf]gog ul/g]5 M–
-s_ cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fsf] ljifo ;DalGwt sd{rf/L
sfo{/t /x]sf] ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf] lgldQ pkof]uL / cfjZos
ePsf] .
-v_ cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fsf] nflu k|fKt 5fqj[lQdf
dgf]gogsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] cfjZostfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ bkmf @(
adf]lhd z}lIfs of]Uotf, h]i7tf, ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/]sf]

± t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

24
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cg'ej / / sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof+sg afkt a9L c+s kfpg]

sd{rf/L dWo] k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df .
-u_ :gfts, :gftsf]Q/ jf s'g} z}lIfs pkflwsf] cWoogsf] xsdf
k}+tfnL; jif{ pd]/ ggf3]sf] .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; kl/R5]bsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ,–

-!_ æcWoogÆ eGgfn] :jf:Yo ;]jf;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf ul/g]
cWoognfO{ hgfpF5 .
-@_ ætfnLdÆ eGgfn] :gfts, :gftsf]Q/ jf s'g} z}lIfs pkflw k|bfg
ul/g] afx]s s'g} ;+:yfåf/f lglZrt kf7\oqmd cg';f/ lglZrt cjlwdf ;+rfng x'g]
zLk cfh{g ug]{ k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-#_ æcWoog e|d0fÆ eGgfn] cWoog / tflnd afx]s ^ xKtfdf ga9\g]
u/L cfof]hgf x'g] uf]i7L, ;]ldgf/ jf cjnf]sg e|d0fnfO{ hgfpF5 .
##= dgf]gog ubf{ k|yfldstf lbg' kg]{ M ljb]zdf cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog
e|d0fsf] lgldQ sd{rf/Lsf] dgf]gog ubf{ ;fdfGotofM klxn] j}b]lzs cWoog
ug]{, tflnd lng] jf cWoog e|d0f ug]{ df}sf gkfPsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ bkmf #@ sf]
cwLgdf /xL b]xfo adf]lhd k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df dgf]gog ul/g]5 . t/ Pp6}
:t/ / k|s[ltsf] sfo{qmddf bf]xf]¥ofP/ dgf]gog ul/g]5}g M–
-s_ cWoogdf ;xfos kfFrf} tx, clws[t 5}7f}+, ;ftf}+ / cf7f}+ txsf

sd{rf/L / lghfdtL ;]jfsf ;f] ;/xsf sd{rf/LnfO{,
-v_ tflnddf clws[t gjf}+ tx / ;f] eGbf d'lgsf txsf sd{rf/L /
lghfdtL ;]jfsf ;f] ;/xsf sd{rf/LnfO{,
-u_ cWoog e|d0fdf ;fwf/0ftof k"j{ lgwf{l/t sfo{qmd cg';f/ sfof{no

k|d'v, clws[t bzf}+ tx / ;f] eGbf dflyNnf] txsf sd{rf/L /
lghfdtL ;]jfsf ;f] ;/xsf sd{rf/LnfO{.
#$= dgf]gogsf] nflu cof]Uo M -!_ b]xfosf sd{rf/L cWoog jf tflndsf] lgldQ
dgf]gog x'g of]Uo x'g] 5}gg\ M–
-s_ bkmf @& adf]lhd a9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ gePsf ±jf o;
P]g adf]lhd :t/j[l4 /f]Ssf ePsf,

-v_ z'? lgo'lQm eO{ kb:yfkg ePsf] clws[t txsf] sd{rf/Ln] sDtLdf
Ps jif{ clt b'u{d jf b'O{ jif{ b'u{d If]qdf sfd gu/]sf] / g]kfn

 rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

± t];|f] ;+zf]wg yk .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

25
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:jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%# k|f/De x'g' cl3 lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$(
adf]lhdsf] g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst >]0fLsf] :yfoL kbdf
/xL sDtLdf Ps jif{ clt b'u{d jf b'O{ jif{ b'u{d If]qdf uO{ sfd
gu/]sf] .

-u_ v08 -v_ df plNnlvt sd{rf/Ln] ;f]xL v08df plNnlvt
cjlw;Dd ;f]xL v08df pNn]v ePsf] If]qdf sfd gu/]sf] eP
To:tf] cjlw;Dd To:tf] If]qdf uO{ ?h' xflh/ eO{ sfd gu/];Dd,
t/ lgtfGt k|fljlws tyf ljz]if1 k|s[ltsf] gAa] lbg eGbf sd cjlwsf]
tflnddf dgf]gog ubf{ o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] cof]Uotf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-@_ dGqfnosf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lagf cWoogdf hfg]sf] xsdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6
5fqj[lQ pknAw u/fOg] 5}g .
#%= cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog k|df0f k"/f u/]kl5 ;]jf ug'{kg]{ cjlw M g]kfn
;/sf/af6 dgf]gog eO{ cWoog ug]{, tflnd lng] jf cWoog e|d0fdf hfg]
sd{rf/Ln] To:tf] cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0f k"/f u/]kl5 b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] cjlw;Dd clgjfo{ ¿kn] ;]jf ug'{ kg]{5 M–
cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog ;]jf ug'{ kg]{
e|d0fsf] cjlw Go'gtd cjlw
-s_ tLg dxLgf;Dd Ps jif{
-v_ tLg dxLgfb]lv 5 dxLgf;Dd 8]9 jif{
-u_ 5 dxLgfb]lv gf} dxLgf;Dd b'O{ jif{
-3_ gf} dxLgfb]lv Ps jif{;Dd tLg jif{
-ª_ Ps jif{b]lv b'O{ jif{;Dd rf/ jif{
-r_ b'O{ jif{b]lv tLg jif{;Dd kfFr jif{
-5_ tLg jif{b]lv rf/ jif{;Dd ;ft jif{
-h_ rf/ jif{b]lv kfFr jif{;Dd cf7 jif{
-´_ kfFr jif{b]lv 5 jif{;Dd gf} jif{
#^= sa'lnot ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ s'g} klg sd{rf/Ln] cWoog, tflnd lng jf cWoog
e|d0f ug{ hfg' eGbf cl3 To:tf] cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0f k'/f u/L
kms]{/ cfO{ bkmf #% adf]lhdsf] ;]jf ug]{ ;d]t sa'lnot ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{ sa'lnotsf] 9fFrf tf]lsP adf]lhsf]
x'g]5 .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

26
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-#_ s'g} klg sd{rf/Ln] cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0f k"/f u/L jf gu/L
;]jf ug{ gcfPdf jf bkmf #% adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{ ;]jf cjlw k"/f gu/]df To:tf]
sd{rf/Laf6 cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0f cjlwe/ lghn] kfPsf] tna eQf
tyf lzIf0f z'Ns / 5fqj[lQ /sd ;d]t c;'n u/L lgh pk/ ljefuLo sfo{afxL
ul/g]5 .
kl/R5]b–^
tna eQf, bz} vr{ tyf cGo ;'ljwf
#&= tna eQf M -!_ sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] kbdf axfnL u/]sf] lbgb]lv tna / eQf
kfpg] eP eQf ;d]t kfpg]5 .
-@_ sd{rf/Ln] :jf:Yo ;]jfdf /xL sfd u/] afkt kfpg] tna eQf g]kfn
;/sf/n] ;do ;dodf tf]lslbP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ bkmf #( jf &# df plNnlvt cj:yfdf afx]s k|To]s sd{rf/Ln] Ps
jif{sf] ;]jf k"/f u/]kl5 tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] /sd tna j[l4 kfpg]5 . t/ o;/L
tna j[l4 tf]ls+bf ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] /sddf g36\g] u/L tna
j[l4 ;+Vof ldnfg ul/g]5 . /f]Ssf ePsf] tna j[l4 km's'jf ePsf]df ;f] tna j[l4
s'g ldltb]lv kfpg] xf] ;f] s'/f ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln] lnlvt ¿kdf hgfO{ /fVg'
kg]{5 .
#*= ksfPsf] tna / eQf kfpg] eP eQf ;d]t kfpg] M -!_ sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s
dxLgf e'Qmfg ePkl5 tna / eQf kfpg] eP eQf ;d]t kfpg]5 .
-@_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] ksfPsf] tna / eQf kfpg] eP eQf ;d]t lgh
h'g;'s} Joxf]/faf6 ;]jfdf g/x]df klg kfpg]5 .
-#_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf lgodx¿df cGoyf Joj:yf
ul/Psf]df afx]s s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] tna s§f ul/g] 5}g .
-$_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] tna ;f] sd{rf/L sfd ul//x]sf] jf labfdf
a;]sf] avt /f]]lsg] 5}g .
#(= sfo{ bIftf ;Ldf kf/ ug]{ M s'g} sd{rf/L sfo{ bIftf ;Ldf kf/ ug{sf] lgldQ
of]Uo 5 egL clws[t sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf dGqfnosf] ;lrj / ;xfos sd{rf/Lsf]


t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

:jf:Yo ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug{ ag]sf] P]gåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

27
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xsdf clVtof/jfnfn] lnlvt ¿kdf ghgfP;Dd s'g} sd{rf/Ln] sfo{ bIftf

;Ldf kf/ u/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
$)= lgnDag ePdf kfpg] tna M -!_ s'g} sd{rf/L ;/sf/L sfdsf] ;DaGwdf jf
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ePsf] sf/afxLsf] kmn:j¿k lgnDag ePdf ;f]
lgnDagsf] cjlwe/ lghn] cfˆgf] tnasf] cfwf dfq kfpg]5 .
t/ nfu]sf] cf/f]k k|dfl0ft geO{ lghn] ;kmfO{ kfPdf lgnDag /x]sf]
cjlwdf cfwf tna kfPsf] eP ;f] s§f u/L / gkfPsf] eP k"/} tna -tna a[l4
x'g] ePdf ;f] ;d]t_ / rf8kj{ vr{ kfpg]5 . s;"/bf/ 7xl/Pdf lgnDag ePsf]
ldltb]lvsf] afFsL tna eQf kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ s'g} sd{rf/L pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt sf/0f afx]s cGo s'g} s/0faf6
lgnDag /xg uPsf] /x]5 eg] lghn] To;/L lgnDag /x]sf] cjlwsf] tna kfpg]
5}g .
$!= sd{rf/L ;+rosf]ifdf /sd hDdf ul/lbg ] M sd{rf/Lx¿sf] dfl;s tnaaf6
bz k|ltztsf b/n] /sd s§f u/L ;f] /sddf g]kfn ;/sf/n] zt k|ltzt
/sd yk u/L sd{rf/L ;+rosf]ifdf hDdf ul/lbg]5 .

$@= rf8kj{ vr{ tyf cGo ;'ljwf M -!_ :jf:Yo ;]jfsf sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] wd{, ;+:s[lt,
k/Dk/f cg'';f/ dgfOg] rf8kj{sf] nflu sd{rf/Ln] vfOkfO cfPsf] Ps dlxgfsf]
tna a/fa/sf] /sd k|To]s jif{ rf8kj{ vr{sf] ¿kdf kfpg]5 . o:tf] /sd
sd{rf/Ln] Ps cfly{s jif{df Ps k6sdf cfˆgf] wd{, ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f cg';f/
dgfOg] d'Vo rf8kj{sf] cj;/df e'QmfgL lng ;Sg]5 .
-@_ lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] u/L cjsfzk|fKt sd{rf/LnfO{ lghn] kfpg] Ps
dlxgfsf] lgj[lQe/0f a/fa/sf] /sd rf8kj{ vr{sf] ¿kdf lbOg]5 .
-#_ :jf:Yo ;]jfsf sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] pkrf/ vr{, czQm j[lQ, c+ue+u
ePafkt kfpg] ;'ljwf, c;fwf/0f kfl/jfl/s lgj[lQe/0f tyf pkbfg, z}lIfs eQf,
;Gtlt j[lQ, lzz' :ofxf/ eQf jf cGo ;'ljwf ;DaGwL Joj:yf tf]lsPadf]lhd
x'g]5 .


t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

28
 www.lawcommission.gov.np


$#= aLdf ;'ljwf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfdf 5Fb} d[To' ePdf lghsf]
glhssf] xsjfnfnfO{ aLdf afkt Ps nfv krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF Psd'i6 k|bfg
ul/g]5 .
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Pp6f ;fjlws hLjg aLdf sf]if :yfkgf ug]{5 . k|To]s
sd{rf/Lsf] dfl;s tnaaf6 b'O{ ;o ?k}ofF s§f u/L ;f] sf]ifdf hDdf ul/g]5 /
Tolt g} /sd g]kfn ;/sf/n] yk u/L aLdfÍ /sd Ps nfv ?k}ofFsf] aL; jif]{
;fjlws hLjg aLdf ul/lbg]5 . ;f] aLdf sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sddWo]af6
sd{rf/L ;]jf lgj[Q x'Fbf lghnfO{ aLdfÍ /sd / af]g; e'QmfgL lbOg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd /sd s§f ug{ z'? u/]sf] aL; jif{ cjlw gk'uL
s'g} sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 clgjfo{ cjsfz kfPdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] /sd k|bfg
ul/g]5 M–
-s_ Ps jif{eGbf sd cjlwsf] /sd s§L ul/Psf] ePdf bz
xhf/ ?k}ofF,
-v_ Ps jif{b]lv kfFr jif{;Dd /sd s§L ul/Psf] ePdf kRrL;
xhf/ ?k}ofF,
-u_ kfFr jif{b]lv bz jif{;Dd /sd s§L ul/Psf] ePdf krf;
xhf/ ?k}ofF,
-3_ bz jif{b]lv kGw| jif{;Dd /sd s§L ul/Psf] ePdf krxQ/
xhf/ ?k}ofF,
-ª_ aL; jif{;Dd /sd s§L ul/Psf] ePdf Ps nfv ?k}ofF .
t/ lghn] hDdf u/]sf] /sd / ;f]sf] Jofh, nfef+z /sd plNnlvt
/sdeGbf a9L x'g cfPdf ;f]xL a/fa/sf] /sd pQm sf]ifaf6 k|bfg ul/g]5 .
-$_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /sd hDdf ug{ z''? u/]sf] aL;
jif{ gk'uL d[To' ePsf] jf clgjfo{ cjsfz ePsf] cj:Yffdf afx]s cGo h'g;'s}
lsl;daf6 ;]jfaf6 cjsfz ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;dk{0f d"No a/fa/sf] /sd
pknAw u/fOg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -@_ / -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg :jf:Yo ;]jfaf6
cjsfz x'g] sd{rf/Ln] ;fjlws hLjg aLdf afkt hDdf u/]sf] /sd aL; jif{ jf
;f]eGbf sd cjlwdf kl/kSj x'g] u/L lg/Gt/tf lbg ;Sg]5 .


t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

29
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t/ ;f] afkt g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'g} /sd Joxf]g]{ 5}g .

-^_ ;fjlws hLjg aLdf sf]if ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
$$= c;dy{ sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ljz]if Joj:yf M s'g} sd{rf/L zf/Ll/s jf
dfgl;s /f]usf] sf/0faf6 lgoldt ¿kdf ;]jf ug{ c;dy{ 5 egL g]kfn
;/sf/n] u7g u/]sf] d]l8sn af]8{af6 k|dfl0ft eO{ cfPdf g]kfn ;/sf/n]
lghnfO{ lghsf] ;]jf cjlwdf a9Ldf ;ft jif{ ;]jf cjlw yk u/L cjsfz lbg
;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b–&
cjsfz, pkbfg / lgj[Qe/0f
$%= clgjfo{ cjsfz M -!_ ;f7L jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf] jf bkmf !( adf]lhdsf]
kbfjlw k"/f ePsf] sd{rf/Ln] ;]jfaf6 :jtM cjsfz kfpg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{
ljz]if1 ;]jf cTofjZos ePdf ;f7L jif{ k"/f eO{ cjsfz x'g] sd{rf/LnfO{ a9Ldf
tLg jif{sf] cjlw yKg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ of] P]g nfu" x'g' cl3 lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( adf]lhd tL; jif{ ;]jf
cjlw k'uL Dofb yk eO{ xfn of] P]g adf]lhd axfn /x]sf sd{rf/Lx¿ klg ;f7L
jif{ pd]/ k"/f gx'Gh]n;Dd :jf:Yo ;]jfdf axfn /xg ;Sg]5g\ .
-$_ o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf]nflu sd{rf/Lsf] pd]/ b]xfo adf]lhd u0fgf
ul/g]5 M–
-s_ ;]jfdf k|j]z ubf{ lghn] k]z u/]sf] lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] k|df0fkqdf
lsl6Psf] hGd lbg jf jif{af6 x'g cfPsf] pd]/,
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] clen]v gePdf lghn] ;]jfdf k|j]z ubf{
j}olQms gf]s/L ljj/0f -l;6/f]n_ df n]lvlbPsf] hGd ldlt jf jif{af6 x'g cfPsf]
pd]/ .
$^= :j}lR5s cjsfz M lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] cj:yf / pd/]sf] xb krf; jif{ k"/f
ePsf sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ;"rgfdf tf]lsPsf]
cjlwleq ;f]xL ;"rgfdf pNn]lvt zt{df :j]lR5s cjsfz lng ;Sg]5 . o;/L
:j}lR5s cjsfz lng] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f7L jif{ pd]/ ggf£g] u/L a9Ldf ;ft jif{
;]jf cjlw yk u/L lgj[Qe/0fsf] nflu hDdf ;]jf cjlw sfod ul/g]5 .


:jf:Yo ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug{ ag]sf] P]g, @)%* åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

30
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$&= pkbfg M -!_ kfFr jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L :jf:Yo ;]jfdf axfn u/]sf] t/
lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] cjlw gk'u]sf] sd{rf/Ln] cjsfz kfPdf jf /fhLgfdf :jLs[t
u/fO{ kbaf6 cnu ePdf jf eljiodf :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo g7xl/g]
u/L kbaf6 x6fOPdf b]xfosf] b/n] pkbfg kfpg]5 M–
-s_ kfFr jif{b]lv bz jif{;Dd :jf:Yo ;]jfdf axfn u/]sf] sd{rf/Ln]
cfkm"n] sfd u/]sf] k|To]s jif{sf] lgldQ cflv/L cfwf dxLgfsf] tna .
-v_ bz jif{ eGbf a9L kGw| jif{;Dd :jf:Yo ;]jfdf axfn u/]sf]
sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"n] sfd u/]sf] k|To]s jif{sf] lgldQ cflv/L Ps dxLgfsf] tna,
-u_ kGw| jif{ eGbf a9L aL; jif{ eGbf sd :jf:Yo ;]jfdf axfn u/]sf]
sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"n] sfd u/]sf] k|To]s jif{sf] lgldQ cflv/L 8]9 dxLgfsf] tna .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg :jf:Yo ;]jfdf axfn
/xg] jf ;f] ;]jf kfpg] p2]Zon] gful/stf, pd]/ jf of]Uotf 9fF6]sf] k|dfl0ft x'g
cfPdf To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ pkbfg lbOg] 5}g / k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd ;hfo
x'g]5 .
$*= lgj[Qe/0f M -!_ aL; jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L ;do;Dd :jf:Yo ;]jfdf axfn u/]sf]
sd{rf/Ln] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] lx;fan] dfl;s lga[Qe/0f kfpg]5 M–
hDdf ;]jf jif{  cflv/L tnasf] /sd
%)
t/–
-!_ eljiodf :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6
a/vf:t ul/Psf] sd{rf/Ln] o; bkmf adf]lhd lgj[Qe/0f kfpg]
5}g .
-@_ :jf:Yo ;]jfdf axfn /xg] jf ;f] ;]jf kfpg] p2]Zon] gful/stf,
pd]/ jf of]Uotf 9fF6]sf] k|dfl0ft x'g cfPdf To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{
lgj[Qe/0f lbOg] 5}g / k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd ;hfo x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lgj[lQe/0fsf] Go"gtd
/sd ;dfg kbsf] axfnjfnf sd{rf/Lsf] tnasf] ;'? c+ssf] cfwf eGbf sd /
clwstd ;dfg kbsf] axfnjfnf sd{rf/Lsf] z'? :s]neGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
-#_ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( adf]lhd g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jfdf axfn eO{
xfn o; P]g adf]lhdsf] :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kl/jt{g ePsf] sd{rf/Ln] bkmf !(
adf]lhd kbfjlw k"/f eO{ cjsfz k|fKt u/]df To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] pd]/ ;f7L jif{ k"/f
x'g hlt cjlw afFsL 5 ;f] cjlw yk u/L lghsf] hDdf ;]jf cjlw sfod ul/g]5 .


t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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±
-#s_ kGw| jif{ ;]jf cjlw k"/f u/L aL; jif{ ;]jf cjlw gk'u]sf] s'g}
sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf lghsf] ;]jf cjlwdf a9Ldf kfFr jif{;Dd yk u/L lghsf]
kl/jf/nfO{ lgj[lQe/0f jf pkbfg h'g lng rfxG5 ;f] /f]h]/ lng lbOg]5 .
-$_ s'g} ;/sf/L kbdf cl3 u/]sf] ;]jf afkt lgj[Qe/0f kfO/x]sf] JolQm
kl5 :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lghn] kl5 u/]sf] ;]jf cjlwdf cl3 u/]sf]
;]jf cjlw hf]8L o; bkmf adf]lhd lgj[Qe/0f lng kfpg]5 .
±
-%_ ;Djt\ @)%$ ;fn h]i7 !$ ut]eGbf cl3 ljsf; tkm{sf] kbdf
cljlR5Gg /xL ;fwf/0ftk{msf] kbdf lgo'Qm ePsf sd{rf/Ln] lgj[lQe/0f lng
rfx]df lghsf] ljsf;tk{msf] ;]jf cjlwdWo] lgj[lQe/0fsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;]jf
cjlw yk u/L lghnfO{ lgj[lQe/0f lbOg]5 .
$(= lgj[Qe/0fdf j[l4 M axfnjfnf sd{rf/Lsf] tna j[l4 x'Fbf tnasf] z'? c+sdf
hlt j[l4 ePsf] 5 To;sf] b'O{ ltxfO{ /sd ;dfg kbsf lgj[Q sd{rf/Lx¿sf]
lgj[Qe/0f /sddf klg yk ul/g]5 .
%)= kfl/jfl/s lgj[Qe/0f / pkbfg M -!_ s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfdf 5Fb} jf
lgj[Qe/0f kfpg yfn]sf] ;ft jif{ gk'Ub} d'To' ePdf lghsf] kl/jf/nfO{ jf
lghsf] gfafns efO jf cljjflxtf lbbL alxgLnfO{ bkmf $& jf $* df n]lvP
adf]lhd pkbfg jf lgj[Qe/0f k|fKt x'g]5 .
t/ lgj[Qe/0fsf] xsdf o:tf] lgj[Qe/0f ;ft jif{ eGbf a9L ;do k|fKt x'g]
5}g . lgj[Qe/0f kfpg yfn]sf] ;ft jif{ gk'Ub}df d[To' ePsf] sd{rf/Lsf] kl/jf/nfO{
;ft jif{ k'u]kl5 lgj[Qe/0f k|fKt x'g] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lgj[Qe/0f kfpg]
JolQm gfafns /x]5 eg] lgh aflnu geP;Dd To:tf] lgj[Qe/0f kfpg]5 .
-#_ sd{rf/Lsf] ljw'/ klt jf ljwjf kTgLn] lghsf] klt jf kTgL ;]jfdf 5Fb}
jf lgj[Qe/0f kfpg yfn]sf] ;ft jif{ gk'Ub} d[To' eO{ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd
kfl/jfl/s lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] ePdf ;f] lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] cjlw e'Qmfg ePsf]
ldltb]lv / To:tf] lgj[Qe/0f gkfpg] ePdf jf lghsf] klt jf kTgLn] lgj[Qe/0f
kfpg yfn]sf] ;ft jif{ Joltt eO;s]kl5 d[To' ePsf]df lgh sd{rf/Lsf] d[To'
ePsf] ldltb]lv hLjge/ lghn] kfpg] lgj[Qe/0fsf] cfwf /sd kfpg]5 .

± t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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-$_ axfnjfnf sd{rf/Lsf] tna j[l4 x'Fbf tnasf] z'? c+sdf hlt j[l4
ePsf] 5, To;sf] b'O{ ltxfO{ /sd pkbkmf -!_, -@_ / -#_ cg';f/ kfl/jfl/s
lgj[Qe/0f kfO/x]sf JolQmn] vfOkfO cfPsf] kfl/jfl/s lgj[Qe/0f /sddf klg yk
ul/g]5 .
-%_ s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] o; P]g adf]lhd kfpg] s'g} /sd lng gkfpb} d[To'
ePdf ;f] /sd lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:ox¿ dWo] o; P]g adf]lhdsf] lghsf]
lgj[Qe/0f jf pkbfg kfpg] 7xl/Psf] JolQmn] lng kfpg]5 .
-^_ lgj[Qe/0f jf pkbfg lb+bf d[t sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o
dWo]df jf cfˆgf] gfafns efO jf cljjflxtf lbbL alxgL s;}nfO{ OR5fPsf] /x]5
eg] ;f] JolQmnfO{ / s'g} sf/0fn] ;f] JolQmn] kfpg g;Sg] cj:yf ePdf jf s;}nfO{
klg gOR5fPsf] ePdf ;f] sd{rf/Lsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o dWo] glhssf] xsbf/nfO{
lbOg]5 .
%!= tnasf] pNn]vM -!_ o; kl/R5]b / kl/R5]b–^ df hxfF hxfF tnasf] pNn]v
ePsf] 5 To;n] ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] tTsfnsf] tna /sd -tna j[l4 ;d]t_
nfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-@_ bkmf $& / $* sf] k|of]hgsf]nflu æcflv/L tnaÆ eGgfn] ;DalGwt
sd{rf/Lsf] cjsfz k|fKt ug]{ cj:yfsf] tnanfO{ hgfpg]5 / To;/L cjsfz k|fKt
ug]{ cj:yfdf s'g} sd{rf/L c;fwf/0f labf jf lgnDagdf /x]sf] eP To:tf] cjlwsf]
lgldQ klg k"/} tnasf] lx;fa ul/g]5 .
kl/R5]b–*
cfr/0f
%@= ;do kfng / lgoldttf M sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lgwf{l/t ;dodf
lgoldt ¿kn] sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g' kb{5 / ;s];Dd klxn] labfsf] :jLs[lt
glnO{ sfdaf6 cg'kl:yt x'g' x'Fb}g .
%#= cg'zf;g / cf1fkfng M -!_ sd{rf/Ln] cg'zf;gdf /xL cfˆgf] st{Jo
OdfGbf/L / tTk/tfsf] ;fy kfng ug{' kb{5 .
-@_ sd{rf/Ln] ;/sf/L sfd ;DaGwL s'/fdf cfkm"eGbf dflysf] clws[tn]
lbPsf cf1fnfO{ zL3|tfsf ;fy k"/f ug{' kg]{5 .
-#_ sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"eGbf dflysf ;a} sd{rf/Lx¿ k|lt plrt cfb/ b]vfpg'
kg]{5 / cfkm" d'lgsf sd{rf/Lx¿ k|lt plrt Jojxf/ ug{' kg]{5 .

33
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%$= /fhg}lts jf cjf~5gLo k|efj kfg{ gx'g] M s'g} klg sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] ;]jf
;DaGwL s'/fdf dtna ;fWo ug]{ dg;fon] cGo sd{rf/L dfly s'g} /fhg}lts
jf cjf~5gLo k|efj kfg{ jf k|efj kfg]{ k|oTg ug{' x'Fb}g .
%%= /fhgLltdf efu lng gx'g] M sd{rf/Ln] s'g} /fhg}lts ;+u7g jf bnsf] kIf
jf ljkIfdf k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ jQmJo lbg jf efif0f u/L /fhgLltdf efu lng
x'Fb}g .
%^= ;/sf/sf] cfnf]rgf ug{ gx'g] M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLltsf] ljk/Lt x'g] u/L jf
g]kfn ;/sf/ / hgtfsf] kf/:kl/s ;DaGwdf jf s'g} ljb]zL /fi6«;+usf] ;DaGwdf
vnn kg{ ;Sg] u/L s'g} klg sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] jf:tljs jf sfNklgs gfdaf6 jf
a]gfdL s'g} n]v k|sflzt ug{, k]|;nfO{ s'g} va/ lbg, /]l8of] jf 6]lnlehg cflbåf/f
efif0f k|;fl/t ug{, s'g} ;fj{hlgs efif0f lbg jf s'g} jQmJo k|sflzt ug{ x'Fb}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|rlnt sfg'g /
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLltsf] ljk/Lt gx'g] u/L n]v k|sfzg jf k|;f/0f ug{ afwf kg]{
5}g .
%&= ;/sf/L sfdsfh ;DaGwL ;dfrf/ k|sfz ug{df k|ltaGw M s'g} klg
sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f clVtof/ gkfO{ cfkm"n] ;/sf/L st{Jo kfng ubf{
hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] s'g} uf]Ko jf sfg'gåf/f lgif]lwt ljifo cfkm"n] n]v]sf] jf
;+sng u/]sf] s'g} sfuhkq jf ;dfrf/ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ¿kaf6 c¿
cglws[t sd{rf/L jf u}/ ;/sf/L JolQm jf k|];nfO{ lbg' jf atfpg' x'Fb}g . of]
k|ltaGw h'g;'s} sf/0faf6 ;]jfdf g/x]sf] JolQmsf] xsdf ;d]t nfu" /xg]5 .
%*= bfg, pkxf/, rGbf cflb k|fKt ug{ / ;fk6L lngdf k|ltaGw M -!_ ;]jf
;DaGwL sfddf s'g} klg k|sf/n] c;/ kg{ ;Sg] u/L s'g} klg sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn
;/sf/sf] k"j{:jLs[lt lagf cfkm"n] jf cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:oåf/f s;}af6
s'g} k|sf/sf] bfg, bftJo, sf];]nL jf pkxf/ :jLsf/ ug{ jf rGbf dfUg jf
sfd;+u ;DalGwt JolQm;+u ;fk6L lng x'Fb}g .
-@_ sd{rf/Ln] s'g} ljb]zL ;/sf/ jf ljb]zL ;/sf/sf] s'g} k|ltlglwaf6 s'g}
pkxf/ k|fKt x'g cfPdf lghn] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;f] s'/fsf] ;"rgf lbO{ lgsf;f eP
adf]lhd ug{' k5{ .

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%(= sDkgLsf] :yfkgf / ;+rfng, Jofkf/ Joj;fo tyf lghL k|flS6; ug{
gx'g] M -!_ sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"j{:jLs[lt glnO{ b]xfosf] sfd ug{'
x'Fb}g M–
-s_ s'g} a}+s jf sDkgLsf] :yfkgf, /lhi6«]zg jf ;+rfngsf]
sfddf efu lng jf :jf:Yo lSnlgs jf lghL c:ktfn jf
gl;{ª xf]d vf]Ng, ;+rfng ug{, jf To:tf] :jf:Yo lSnlgs
jf lghL c:ktfndf sfd ug{,
-v_ k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd btf{ u/fpg' kg]{ s'g} Jofkf/ jf
Joj;fo ug{,
-u_ cGoq s'g} k|sf/sf] gf]s/L :jLsf/ ug{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn
;/sf/sf] gLlt ljk/Lt gx'g] / cfkm"nfO{ tf]lsPsf] sfddf afwf gkg]{ u/L
;flxlTos, j}1flgs jf snfTds sfo{ ug{ jf lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo ;]jf pknAw u/fpg
;Sg]5 .
^)= lgjf{rgdf efu lng gx'g] M sd{rf/Ln] s'g} klg /fhg}lts kbsf] nflu x'g]
lgjf{rgdf efu lng jf s;}sf] lgldQ dt dfUg jf s'g} k|sf/sf] k|efj kfg{
x'Fb}g .
t/ k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd cfkm"n] kfPsf] dtbfgsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{
afwf kg]{5}g .
^!= k|bz{g / x8tfn ug{ k|ltaGw M sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn =========== sf]
;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tfdf cfFr cfpg] u/L, b]zsf] zflGt ;'/Iff, j}b]lzs
;DaGw / ;fj{hlgs dof{bf tyf cbfntsf] lg0f{osf] cjx]ngf x'g] u/L, ljleGg
hft, hftL, wd{, ju{, If]q / ;Dk|bfosf dflg;x¿ aLr j}dg:o pTkGg u/fpg]
jf ;fDk|bflos b'ef{jgf km}nfpg] u/L jf s'g} ck/fwnfO{ k|>o x'g] u/L jf cfˆgf]
sfd st{Jo kfng ug{df afwf lj/f]w x'g] u/L k|bz{g ug{, x8tfndf efu lng
jf ;f] sfo{ ug]{ p2]Zon] c¿nfO{ pS;fpg ;d]t x'Fb}g .
^@= x8tfn, y'g5]s tyf 3]/fp ug{df k|ltaGw M sd{rf/Ln] s'g} klg sfof{no jf
clws[tsf] sfg'gåf/f lgwf{l/t st{Jo k"/f ug{df afwf lj/f]w x'g] u/L x8tfn jf

 u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ åf/f lemlsPsf] .

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snd aGb ug{ tyf zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s pTkL8g x'g] u/L bafa lbg jf ;f] ug]{
p2]Zon] c¿nfO{ pS;fpg ;d]t x'Fb}g .
^#= nfk/afxL jf ab\lgotn] sfd ug{ gx'g] M sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] st{Jo kfngsf]
l;nl;nfdf la/fdLnfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jf pknAw u/fpFbf la/fdLsf] lhpHofgdf xfgL
gf]S;fgL k'Ug ;Sg] u/L nfk/afxL jf ablgotn] sfd ug{ x'Fb}g .
^$= k|ltlglwTj ug{df k|ltaGw M sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"nfO{ dsf{ k/]sf] ljifodf cfkm}n]
jf jf/];åf/f ;DalGwt lgsfo jf clwsf/L ;dIf lgj]bg lbg afx]s c¿ JolQm
jf ;d"xsf] tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj ug{ x'Fb}g .
t/ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k|fKt sd{rf/Lx¿sf] k]zfut ;+:yfsf]
tkm{af6 ul/g] k|ltlglwTj / sd{rf/Lsf] kbLo bfloTjsf] cfwf/df ug{'kg]{ s'g}
sfo{ ug{df o; P]gn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg]5}g .
^%= ;+:yfsf] ;b:otf M -!_ s'g} klg sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"j{:jLs[lt lnO{
k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] k]zfut ;+:yf afx]s cGo s'g} klg k|sf/sf]
;+:yfsf] ;b:o aGg' x'Fb}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sd{rf/Ln] k|rlnt
sfg'g / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLltsf] ljk/Lt gx'g] u/L cfˆgf] k]zfut / cGo
;fdflhs ;+:yfsf] ;b:o aGg o; bkmfdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf]
dflgg]5}g .

^%s= oftgf lbg gx'g] M -!_ sd{rf/Ln] s;}nfO{ klg oftgf lbg' x'Fb}g .
-@_ sd{rf/Ln] of}ghGo b'Jo{jxf/ / 3/]n' lx+;f ;DagwL sfo{ ug'{ jf u/fpg'
x'Fb}g .

^%v= ;]jfu|fxL k|ltsf] Jojxf/ M -!_ sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] sfd;Fu ;DalGwt ;]jfu|fxLk|lt
dof{lbt / lzi6 Jojxf/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ sd{rf/Ln] ;]jfu|fxLsf] sfd;Fu ;DalGwt ljifo, k|lqmof / sfo{;Dkfbg
ug{ nfUg] ;do ;d]tsf] :ki6 hfgsf/L ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ oyf;dodf u/fpg' kg]{5 .

^%u= cfˆgf] ;]jf / kb cg's'nsf] cfr/0f kfng ug'{ kg]{ M k|To]s sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] ;]jf
/ kb cg's"nsf] cfr/0f ;d]t kfng ug'{ kg]{5 .

^%3= cGo cfr/0f M -!_ sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] sfof{no tyf kb cg';f/ cfOkg]{ lhDd]jf/LnfO{
dof{bfk"j{s axg u/L lgikIf, :jR5 tyf l56f] 5l/tf] ?kdf sfo{;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{5 .


rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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-@_ sd{rf/Ln] s'g} klg ;/sf/L ;DklQsf] k|of]u jf pkof]u 3/fo;L sfo{sf]
nflu ug'{ x'Fb}g .
-#_ sd{rf/Ln] ;/sf/L /fhZjaf6 tna, eQf kfpg] u/L lgo'lQm ePsf] s'g}
kg ;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ sfof{nosf] gfddf afx]s cfˆgf] 3/fo;L sfo{sf] nflu
nufpg x'Fb}g .
-$_ sd{rf/Ln] :jf:Yo ;++:yf jGb ug{ jf u/fpg x'Fb}g .
^^= ;DklQ ljj/0fM sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] ;DklQsf] ljj/0f lbg' kg]{5 / To;/L lbOPsf]
ljj/0f ´'§f 7xl/Pdf k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd sf/afxL ul/g]5 .
^&= cfˆgf] ;]jf / kb cg';f/sf] cfr/0f kfng ug{' kg]{ M k|To]s sd{rf/Ln]
cfˆgf] ;]jf / kb cg's"nsf] cfr/0f ;d]t kfng ug{' kg]{5 .
^*= r]tfjgL lbg ;Sg] M s'g} sd{rf/Ln] sfof{no ;do kfng gu/]df, ;/sf/L sfd
;DaGwL s'/fdf cfkm" eGbf dflysf] sd{rf/Ln] lbPsf] cf1f kfng gu/]df jf
cfkm"nfO{ ;'lDkPsf] lhDd]jf/L cg';f/sf] sfddf nfk/jfxL jf l9nf;':tL u/]df
To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;DalGwt ;'kl/j]Ifsn] sf/0f vf]nL r]tfjgL lbg ;Sg]5 /
;f]sf] clen]v ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] JolQmut ljj/0f kmfOndf /fVg' kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–(
;]jfsf] ;'/Iff
^(= sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf] ;'/Iff M b]xfosf sd{rf/L afx]s cGo s'g} klg sd{rf/LnfO{
;kmfO{sf] ;a"t lbg] dgfl;a dflkmssf] df}sf glbO{ ;]jfaf6 x6fOg] jf avf{:t
ul/g]5}g M–
-s_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}Hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 s;"/bf/
7xl/Psf],
-v_ DofbL kbdf axfn /x]sf],
-u_ efuL kQf gnfu]sf] jf ;Dks{ :yflkt ug{ ;Dej gePsf] kof{Kt
cfwf/ ePsf],
-3_ k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] :jf:Yo ;DaGwL Jofj;flos
kl/ifb\af6 gfdbtf{ vf/]h ePsf] .
&)= sd{rf/Lsf] arfp M -!_ sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] cf]xbfsf] st{Jo kfng ;D´L u/]sf]
s'g} sfdsf] ;DaGwdf lgh pk/ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] /Lt gk'¥ofO{ d'2f rNg
;Sg]5}g .

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-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} sd{rf/L pk/ d'2f rnfpgsf] nflu g]kfn
;/sf/ jfbL x'g] d'2fsf] xsdf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] / cGo d'2fsf] xsdf
clVtof/jfnfsf] cg'dlt k|fKt ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 / b]jfgL d'2fsf] xsdf b]xfo
adf]lhd ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 M–
-s_ d'2f rnfpg] sf/0f tyf jfbLsf] / lghsf] jf/]; ePdf To:tf]
jf/];sf] gfd / 7]ufgf vf]nL lnlvt ;"rgf clVtof/jfnfnfO{ jf ;DalGwt
sd{rf/LnfO{ a'´fPsf] jf x'nfsåf/f /lhi6/L u/L k7fPsf] / To;sf] Ps k|lt gSsn
g]kfn ;/sf/df k]z ePsf] .
-v_ d'2f rnfpg] sf/0f ePsf] cf7 dxLgfleq d'2f bfo/ ul/;s]sf] .
t/ nfk/afxL jf ablgotn] s'g} sd{rf/Ln] u/]sf] sfdsf] kl/0ffd :j¿k
s;}nfO{ zf/Ll/s xfgL gf]S;fgL k'Ug uPdf To:tf] sd{rf/L pk/ k|rlnt sfg'g
adf]lhd d'2f rnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ bfaL ug{ o; pkbkmfn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-#_ s'g} sd{rf/L axfn 5Fbf cfˆgf] cf]xbfsf] st{Jo kfngsf] l;nl;nfdf
u/]sf] sfdsf] ;DaGwdf axfn 6'l6;s]kl5 klg pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd :jLs[lt geO{
lgh pk/ d'2f rNg ;Sg]5}g .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd d'2f rnfpg g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[lt lbPdf
lghsf] k|lt/Iff g]kfn ;/sf/n] ug]{5 .
&!= ;]jf zt{sf] ;'/Iff M s'g} klg sd{rf/LnfO{ lghsf] lgo'lQm x'Fbf tTsfn nfu" /x]sf]
tna, pkbfg, lgj[Qe/0f / cGo ;'ljwf ;DaGwL ;]jfsf zt{ x¿df lghsf]
:jLs[lt a]u/ lghnfO{ k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ u/L kl/jt{g ul/g] 5}g . kl5 x'g]
;+zf]wgn] To:tf] ;+zf]wg x'g' cufj} axfn /x]sf] s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] pko'{Qm ;]jfsf
zt{x¿df s'g} k|sf/n] k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ ePdf To:tf] ;+zf]lwt Joj:yf adf]lhd
ug{ d~h'/ u/]sf] lnlvt :jLs[lt geO{ To:tf] Joj:yf lghsf] xsdf nfu" x'g]
5}g .
kl/R5]b–!)
;hfo / k'g/fj]bg
&@= ;hfo M plrt / kof{Kt sf/0f ePdf sd{rf/LnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljefuLo
;hfo ug{ ;lsg]5 M–

-s_ ;fdfGo ;hfo M
-!_ gl;xt lbg],


t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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-@_ b'O{ jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug{],

-#_ a9Ldf b'O{ tna a[l4 /f]Ssf ug{],
-$_ kfFr jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug{],
-%_ a9Ldf kFfr tna a[l4 /f]Ssf ug{],

-^_ kbsf] z'? tna :s]ndf 36'jf ug]{ .

-&_ :t/j[l4 /f]Ssf ug]{ .
-v_ ljz]if ;hfo M
-!_
eljiodf :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo g7xl/g] u/L
;]jfaf6 x6fpg] .
-@_ eljiodf :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6
avf{:t ug]{ .

&#= gl;xt lbg] jf a9Ldf b'O{ tnaj[l4 jf b'O{ jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{ M b]xfosf]
s'g} cj:yfdf sd{rf/LnfO{ gl;xt lbg] jf a9Ldf b'O{ tnaj[l4 /f]Ssf ug]{ jf b'O{
jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{ ;hfo ug{ ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ PseGbf a9L k6s cg'zf;gxLg sfd u/]df,
-v_ of] P]g / o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf lgoddf plNnlvt cfr/0f
;DaGwL s'/fx¿ pNn+3g u/]df,
-u_ k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd a/a'emf/y gu/]df,
-3_ bkmf ^* adf]lhd Ps jif{df b'O{k6s;Dd lnlvt r]tfjgL kfPdf,
-ª_ k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd k]ZsL km5\of}{6 gu/]df,
-r_ ;]jfu|fxLsf] kL/dsf{ / ph'/L k6s–k6s a]jf:tf u/]sf] ;DaGwdf
cfk"meGbf dflyNnf] clwsf/Ln] lbPsf] lgb]{zg kfngf gu/]df,
-5_ sfo{ ljj/0f nfu" ug{] u/fpg] bfloTj ePsf] kbflwsf/Ln] ;f] sfo{
gu/]df .
±
&#s= kfFr jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{ jf a9Ldf kfFr tnaj[l4 /f]Ssf ug]{ jf kbsf]

z'? :s]ndf 36'jf ug]{ M b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf sd{rf/LnfO{ b'O{b]lv kfFr
jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug{] jf b'O{b]lv kFfr tnaj[l4 /f]Ssf ug{] jf lgh axfn /x]sf]
kbsf] z'? tna :s]ndf 36'jf ug]{ ;hfo ug{ ;lsg]5 M–


rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
± t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

39
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-s_ k6s k6s cg'zf;gxLg sfd u/]df,

-v_ of] P]g jf k|rlnt sfg'gn] tf]s]sf] kbLo bfloTj lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s k"/f gu/]df,
-u_ Joj:yfkg k/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf clgoldttf ;DaGwdf lbPsf] lgb]{zg
kfngf gu/]df .
&$= ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf avf{:t ug]{ M -!_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf sd{rf/LnfO{
eljiodf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo g7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 x6fpg
;lsg]5 M–
-s_ nfk/afxL jf ablgotn] sfd u/]df,
-v_ sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] kbsf] sfd jf lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ g;s]df .
-u_ cfr/0f ;DaGwL s'/f a/fa/ pNn+3g u/]df .
-3_ sfof{nosf] ;dodf a/fa/ dfbs kbfy{sf] ;]jg u/]df .
-ª_ a/fa/ cg'zf;gxLg sfd u/]df .
-r_ /fhgLltdf efu lnPdf .

-5_ bkmf %# adf]lhdsf] cg'zf;g / cf1fkfng gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf
b'O{k6seGbf a9L gl;xt kfPdf,
-h_ labf :jLs[t gu/fO{ nuftf/ ;f7L lbg;Dd cfˆgf] sfof{nodf
cg'kl:yt /x]df .
±
-h!_ kb:yfkgf ePsf] jf sfh v6fOPsf] sfof{nodf xflh/ eO{ sfd
gu/]df,
-´_ bkmf #% adf]lhd lgwf{l/t cjlwe/ ;]jf gu/]df .
-@_b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf sd{rf/LnfO{ eljiodf :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] lgldQ
cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ug{ ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}Hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 s;"/bf/
7xl/Pdf .
-v_ e|i6frf/ u/]df .
±
&$s= ljefuLo sf/afxL / ;hfo ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s}
s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$* cg';f/
;f] cfof]uaf6 / k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd ;DalGwt lgsfon] s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{
ljefuLo sf/afxL ug{ n]vL cfPdf cfjZos k|lqmof k'¥ofO{ ;f]xL adf]lhd ljefuLo
;hfo ug'{ kg]{5 .


t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
± t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

40
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
&%= ljefuLo ;hfo lbg] clwsf/L M -!_ bkmf &@ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] ;hfosf]
cfb]z lbg] clwsf/ tf]lsP clwsf/LnfO{ x'g]5 .
-@_ bkmf &@ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg] clwsf/ b]xfosf]
clwsf/L jf lgsfonfO{ x'g]5 M–
-s_ P3f/f}+ tx / ;f]eGbf dflysf]
txsf] kbdf sfo{/t
sd{rf/LnfO{ – g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\
-v_ 5}7f}+, ;ftf}+, cf7f}+, gjf}+
/ bzf}+ txsf] kbdf
sfo{/t sd{rf/LnfO{ – dGqfnosf] ;lrj
-u_ rf}yf] / kfFrf}+ txsf]
kbdf sfo{/t
sd{rf/LnfO{ – ;DalGwt ljefuLo÷sfof{no k|d'v
&^= ljz]if ;hfosf] cfb]z pk/ k'g/fj]bg M -!_ ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg
kfpg] clwsf/Ln] bkmf &@ sf] v08 -v_ sf] pkv08 -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd lbPsf]
ljz]if ;hfosf] cfb]z pk/ To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf]
bkmf ^( sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u7g ePsf] k|zf;sLo cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf o; bkmf adf]lhd k'g/fj]bgsf] clGtd
lsgf/f nfu]kl5 To;sf] kl/0ffd :j¿k lghsf] ;]jf k'gM :yflkt x'g] ePdf ;f]
lg0f{osf] ;"rgf kfPsf] ldltn] tLg dxLgfleq lgh pkl:yt x'g gcfPdf lghsf]
gf]s/L yfldg]5}g .
-#_ k'g/fj]bsn] rfx]df cfkm} jf jfl/;åf/f tfl/vdf a:g / sfg'g
Joj;foLåf/f ax; k}/jL u/fpg ;Sg]5 .

&&= ljefuLo ;hfo lbg] clwsf/ ;'Dkg ;Sg] M g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf
;"rgf k|sfzg u/L bkmf &% adf]lhd ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg] s'g} clwsf/Lsf]
clwsf/nfO{ ;f]xL ;"rgfdf tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Ln] tf]lsPsf] cjlw;Ddsf] nflu k|of]u
ug{ kfpg] u/L ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .


t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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&*= lgnDag ug]{ M -!_ s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf bkmf &$ df n]lvPsf] s'g}
cleof]usf] hfFra'´ ug{' k/]df hfFra'´ ;dfKt gx'Gh]n;Dd pQm sd{rf/LnfO{
;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] lgnDag ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ b]xfosf] cj:yf geO{ ;fwf/0ftof lgnDag ul/g] 5}g M–
-s_ lgnDag gu/L cf]xbfsf] sfd ug{ lb+bf ´'§f ;a"t k|df0f
;+sng ug{ ;Sg] jf cfˆgf] lj?4sf ;a"t k|df0f ufoj
ug{;Sg] ;Defjgf b]lvPdf, jf
-v_ lgnDag gu/L cf]xbfsf] sfd ug{ lb+bf ;/sf/L xfgL
gf]S;fgL x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvPdf .
-@_ sd{rf/LnfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf avf{:t ug]{ cleof]usf] ;"rgf
lbg'sf] ;fy} lghnfO{ ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] lgnDag ;d]t ug{
;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ lgnDag ubf{ ;fwf/0ftM b'O{
dxLgf eGbf a9L ug{' x'Fb}g . ;f] cjlw leq} sd{rf/L pk/ ul/Psf] sf/afxLsf]
lsgf/f nufpg' kg]{5 . s'g} c;fwf/0f cj:yf k/L pQm cjlwleq sf/afxL lsgf/f
nufpg g;lsg] e} lgnDagsf] cjlw a9fpg' k/]df clVtof/jfnfsf] k"j{:jLs[lt lnO{
Ps dlxgf;Dd lgnDagsf] cjlw a9fpg ;lsg]5 .
-$_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}Hbf/L cleof]udf lu/ˆtf/ eO{ y'lgPsf] sd{rf/L
To;/L y'lgPsf] cjlwe/ :jtM lgnDag ePsf] dflgg]5 .
&(= lgnDagsf] ;dflKt M s'g} sd{rf/L cfˆgf] kbdf k'gM :yflkt ePdf jf ;]jfaf6
x6fOPdf jf avf{:t ul/Pdf lghsf] lgnDag ;dfKt x'g]5 .
*)= ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ df}sf lbg' kg]{ M -!_ ljefuLo ;hfo lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] s'g}
sd{rf/LnfO{ ;hfo lbg] cfb]z lbg'eGbf cl3 sf/afxL ug{ nfluPsf] sf/0fsf]
pNn]v u/L ;f] sd{rf/LnfO{ plrt Dofb lbO{ cfˆgf] ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ df}sf lbg'
kg]{5 . o;/L df}sf lb+bf lgh dfly nufOPsf] cf/f]k :ki6 ¿kn] lsl6Psf] /
k|To]s cf/f]k s'g s'g s'/f / sf/0fdf cfwfl/t 5 ;f] ;d]t v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
To:tf]df ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] Dofbleq cfˆgf] ;kmfO{ k]z ug{' kg]{5 .
-@_ ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] cfjZos 7fg]df
:jo+ jf s'g} cGo clws[tåf/f hfFra'´ u/fpg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] hfFra'´ ug]{
clws[tn] tf]lsPsf] sfo{ljlwsf] kfngf ug{' kg]{5 .

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*!= ljz]if ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg' eGbf klxn] ;hfo k|:tfj ug{' kg ]{ M ljz]if
;hfosf] cfb]z lbg'eGbf klxn] ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln]
bkmf *) adf]lhd ;kmfO{ k]z ug{ lbOPsf] Dofbleq ;kmfO{ k]z gu/]df jf k]z
x'g cfPsf] ;kmfO{ ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ lbg nfluPsf]
k|:tfljt ;hfo lsg glbg' egL To; ;DaGwdf plrt Dofb lbO{ :ki6Ls/0f
dfUg' kg]{5 .
*@= nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng' kg]{ M ljefuLo ;hfosf] sf/afxLsf]
l;nl;nfdf ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] bkmf *) adf]lhd lbPsf] ;kmfO{ jf bkmf *!
adf]lhd lbPsf] :ki6Ls/0f ;Gtf]ifhgs geO{ To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;hfo ug{' kg] {
b]lvPdf ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] ;f] sd{rf/LnfO{ lbg
nfluPsf] ;hfo k|:tfj u/L nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng' kg]{5 .
*#= ljefuLo sf/afxLsf] ;DaGwdf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ ln+bfsf]
sfo{ljlw M -!_ s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo ug]{ ;DaGwdf bkmf *@
adf]lhd nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{sf] lgldQ n]vL k7fpFbf s] s:tf] s;"/ u/]
afkt To:tf] ljefuLo ;hfo ug{ nfluPsf] xf] ;f] ;DaGwL ;a} sfuhft /
;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] tkm{af6 s'g} :ki6Ls/0f k]z ul/Psf] eP ;f] ;d]t nf]s
;]jf cfof]udf k7fpg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt x'g cfPsf] sfuhftsf] cltl/Qm ;f] sd{rf/L
;DaGwL cGo s'g} ljj/0fsf] cfjZostf k/]df nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] ;DalGwt
clwsf/L;+u dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 / To;/L nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6 dfu ePsf] ljj/0f
pknAw u/fpg' ;f] clwsf/sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
*$= ;]jfdf axfn g/xg] M-!_ b]xfosf sd{rf/Lx¿ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf ;]jfdf axfn
/xg] 5|}gg\ M–
-s_ DofbL kbdf axfn /x]sf]df To:tf] kbsf] Dofb ;dfKt
ePdf,
-v_ efuL kQf gnfu]sf] jf ;Dks{ :yflkt ug{ ;Dej gePsf]
kof{Kt cfwf/ ePdf,
-u_ k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] :jf:Yo ;DaGwL
Jofj;flos kl/ifb\af6 gfd btf{ vf/]h ePdf .

43
 www.lawcommission.gov.np

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ / -u_ df pNn]lvt cj:yf k/L s'g}
sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jfdf axfn g/x]sf] hfgsf/L clVtof/jfnfn] ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{
lbg' kg]{5 .
*%= lg0f{odf c;/ gkg]{ M s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf of] P]g jf o; P]g cGt/ut
ag]sf lgodx¿ adf]lhd clVtof/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] u/]sf] sf/afxLdf tflTjs
c;/ gkg]{ ;fgf] ltgf] q'6Laf6 lg0f{odf c;/ kg]{5}g .
kl/R5]b – !!
ljljw
*^= sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] labf M sd{rf/Lx¿n] b]xfosf ljbfx¿ tf]lsPadf]lhd kfpg]
5g\ M–
-s_ e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ labf
-v_ 3/ labf
-u_ la/fdL labf
-3_ k|;"tL labf
±
-3!_ k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbf,
-ª_ lsl/of labf
-r_ cWoog labf
-5_ c;fwf/0f labf
-h_ ;§f labf
-´_ cltl/Qm ;]jf labf
±
*^s= uon ePsf] cjlw ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf gx'g] M -!_ ljbf glnO{ cfˆgf] sfof{nodf
cg'kl:yt x'g] sd{rf/LnfO{ uon / tna s§L u/L ljefuLo ;hfo ;d]t ul/g]5 .
o;/L uon ePsf] cjlw lghsf] ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ ljbf :jLs[t gu/fO{ nuftf/ ;f7L lbgeGbf a9L cjlw cg'kl:yt x'g]
sd{rf/LnfO{ xflh/ u/fpg kfOg] 5}g .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ ljk/Lt s'g} kbflwsf/Ln] s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ xflh/ u/fPsf]df
To:tf] kbflwsf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL u/L ;f] sd{rf/Ln] vfPsf] tna, eQf ;d]t
To;/L xflh/ u/fpg] kbflwsf/Laf6 ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;"npk/ ul/g]5 .

± t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

44
 www.lawcommission.gov.np

±
*^v= lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( adf]lhdsf] ;'ljwf kfpg] M o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s}
s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( adf]lhd lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{
tna, eQf, ljbf, pkbfg tyf lgj[lQe/0fsf ;DaGwdf o; P]gdf n]lvPeGbf a9L
;'ljwf kfpg] u/L Joj:yf ePsf]df To:tf] Joj:yf :jf:Yo ;]jfsf sd{rf/LnfO{
;d]t nfu" x'g]5 .
*&= k'/:sf/ M -!_sd{rf/L axfn e}/x]sf]] tx eGbf Ps tx dflysf] txdf a9'jf x'g
;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g'sf] nflu cfjZos Go"gtd ;]jf cjlw ;Dd nuftf/ o;
P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgodfjnL adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fddf clt
pQd c+s kfO{ a9'jfdf :yfg kfpg g;s]sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ k'/:sf/ :j¿k kfFr
tna a[l4 yk lbOg]5 . o:tf] k'/:sf/sf] /sd ;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'vaf6
lg0f{o u/fO{ k|z+;fkq ;lxt lbOg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd yk ePsf] tna a[l4 hf]8\bf ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf]
clGtd tnadfg gf£g] ePdf To;/L gf3]sf] tna a[l4sf] /sd lghn] kfpg] dfl;s
tnadf yk u/L lbOg]5 .
**= Joj:yfkg k/LIf0f M nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] sfo{If]q leqsf ljifox¿ afx]s
;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] :jf:Yo dGqfnosf] ljleGg lgsfox¿df sfo{/t
sd{rf/Ln] of] P]g / o; P]g cGt/ut ag]sf lgodx¿ tyf cGo k|zf;sLo
lgod / sfo{ljlwx¿ kfng u/] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf ;'kl/j]If0f, cg'udg /
d"Nof+sg u/L lgb]{zg lbg] / To;/L ;'kl/j]If0f ubf{ s'g} sd{rf/L pk/ ljefuLo
sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{ b]lvPdf ;f] ;d]tsf] l;kmfl/; ug{ ;Sg]5 / ;f] sf] jflif{s
k|ltj]bg g]kfn ;/s/fdf k]z ug]{5 .
*(= ;]jf kl/jt{g x'g] M of] P]g nfu" x'g' cl3 lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( / ;f]
cGtu{t ag]sf lgodx¿ adf]lhd g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] ;d"x jf pk;d"xdf ±/
ljljw ;]jf cGtu{tsf :jf:Yo ;]jf;Fu ;DalGwt tf]lsPsf] kbdf axfn /x]sf
;a} sd{rf/L of] P]g cg';f/ ul7t g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] tt\ tt\ ;d"x /
pk;d"xdf :jtM kl/jt{g eO{ axfn /x]sf] dflgg]5 .

()= ======

± t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

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(!= gf]s/L cjlwsf] u0fgf M o; P]gsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu sd{rf/Lsf] gf]s/L cjlwsf]
u0fgf ubf{ of] P]g k|f/De x'g' cl3 lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( cg';f/sf] g]kfn
:jf:Yo ;]jfdf :yfoL ¿kdf axfn /x]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;a} cjlw o; P]g cg';f/
u7g ePsf] :jf:Yo ;]jfdf u0fgf ul/g]5 .
(@= :jf:Yo ;]jfdf k'gM sfod ePdf tna / eQf kfpg] M -!_ s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{
:jf:Yo ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lbg], x6fpg] jf avf{:t ug]{ u/L ePsf] cfb]z
cbfntaf6 /2 eO{ lgh :jf:Yo ;]jfdf k'gM sfod ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/Ln]
:jf:Yo ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lbOPsf], x6fOPsf] jf avf{:t ul/Psf] ldltb]lv :jf:Yo
;]jfdf k'gM sfod ePsf] ldlt;Ddsf] tna, eQf ±rf8kj{ vr{ / tna a[l4
-u|]8_ kfpg] ePdf ;f] ;d]t kfpg]5 .
-@_ of] P]g nfu" x'g' cl3 lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( tyf lghfdtL ;]jf
lgodfjnL, @)%) adf]lhd ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lbOPsf], x6fOPsf] jf avf{:t ul/Psf]
lghfdtL sd{rf/L cbfntsf] cfb]zåf/f ;]jfdf k'gM sfod ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/Ln]
klg pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tna, eQf ±rf8kj{ vr{ / tna a[l4 kfpg]5 .

(@s= 6]«8 o'lgog ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ sd{rf/Lx?n] o; P]gsf] cwLgdf /xL 6]«8 o'lgog
u7g ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd 6]«8 o'lgog u7g ubf{ b]xfosf] ljifodf b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] Joj:yf kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ sfof{no k|d'v eO{ sfd ug'{ kg]{ clws[t:t/sf sd{rf/L /
lrlsT;s afx]s cf7f}+ tx jf ;f] eGbf d'lgsf sd{rf/Lx?n] cfˆgf]
k]zfut xs lxtsf] nflu /fli6«o:t/sf] sd{rf/Lsf] 6]«8 o'lgog u7g
u/L ;b:otf lng ;Sg] 5g\ .
-v_ sd{rf/Lsf] 6]«8 o'lgogsf] btf{ >d tyf /f]huf/ k|j4{g ljefudf
x'g]5 .
-#_ cflwsfl/s 6]«8 o'lgogsf] u7g b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u7g ePsf sd{rf/Lsf] 6]«8 o'lgogsf
;b:ox?n] 5gf}6 u/]sf kbflwsf/Lx? /xg] u/L sd{rf/Lx?n] Ps
cflwsfl/s 6]«8 o'lgog u7g ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
± g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)^# åf/f yk .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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-v_ sd{rf/Lsf] cflwsfl/s 6]«8 o'lgogn] lhNnf:t/, ljefuL:t/ /

/fli6«o:t/df cfˆgf] k]zfut dfu ;DalGwt lgsfodf k|:t't u/L
;fdflhs ;Djfb / ;fd'lxs ;f}bfafhL ug{ kfpg]5 . sd{rf/Lsf]
cflwsfl/s 6]«8 o'lgog u7g gePsf] cj:yfdf pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhd u7g ePsf sd{rf/Lsf] 6]«8 o'lgog tyf ;+3x? cfk;df
;xdlt u/L ;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhL ug[ kfpg] 5g\ .
-u_ sd{rf/Lsf] cflwsfl/s 6]«8 o'lgog ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ 6«]8 o'lgogsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ sd{rf/Lsf] xs, lxtsf] ;+/If0f Pj+ ;Da4{g u/L :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{
k|efjsf/L / ultzLn agfpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ /rgfTds ;'emfj /
;xof]u ug]{,
-v_ ljleGg lsl;dsf e]nf, tfnLd, k|lzIf0f, uf]i7L nufotsf
/rgfTds Pj+ ;[hgfTds sfo{x? ;~rfng ug]{,
-u_ dxf;+3 u7g ug]{, To;sf] ;b:o aGg], cGt/f{li6«o ;+3 jf
dxf;+3sf] ;b:o aGg] / cfˆgf] ;+:yfx?sf] tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj
ug]{ .
-%_ :jf:Yo ;]jf;Fu ;DalGwt sfg"gsf] lgdf{0f ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
sd{rf/Lsf] cflwsfl/s 6]«8 o'lgogsf] ;Nnfx / ;'emfj lng ;Sg]5 .
-^_ /fli6«o:t/sf 6]«8 o'lgog / cflwsfl/s 6]«8 o'lgogsf tf]lsPsf
kbflwsf/Laf6 cfˆgf] sfo{If]q cg's"n :yfgdf ;?jfsf] dfu ePdf clVtof/jfnfn]
;f] cg's"n x'g] u/L ;?jf ug{ Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ /fli6«o:t/sf 6]«8 o'lgogsf s]Gb|Lo kbflwsf/L / sfo{sf/L ;b:ox?nfO{
o'lgog ;DaGwL :jb]zL tyf a}b]lzs ;]ldgf/, uf]i7L, clwj]zg, ;+u7g ;DaGwL
sfo{ nufotsf sfo{qmddf efu lngsf] nflu lgwf{l/t ;]jfsf] sfddf afwf gkg]{
tyf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cfly{s bfloTj gkg]{ u/L Ps jif{df tL; lbg;Ddsf] sfhsf]
Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-*_ 6]«8 o'lgogsf] btf{ sd{rf/Lsf] txut ?kdf x'g] 5}g .

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t/ of] bkmf k|f/De x'g' cl3 g]kfnL lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$(
cg';f/ cflwsfl/s ?kdf btf{ ePsf 6]«8 o'lgog o;} P]g cGtu{t btf{ ePsf]
dflgg]5 .
-(_ 6]«8 o'lgogsf] btf{, ;f] ;DaGwL zt{ k|lqmof / cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
(#= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] o; P]g adf]lhd cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt
clwsf/x¿ g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L ;f]xL ;"rgfdf tf]lsPsf]
clwsf/Ln] k|of]u ug{ kfpg] u/L k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ o; P]g adf]lhd s'g} clwsf/LnfO{ k|fKt clwsf/ cfˆgf] ;fdfGo
/]vb]vdf /xL k|of]u ug]{ u/L lghn] cfkm" d'lgsf sd{rf/LnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{
;Sg]5 .
($= a/a'´f/y ug'{kg]{ M s'g} klg sd{rf/Ln] cfkm" a´fpg' kg]{ gub, lhG;L jf
sfuhft tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq ;dalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ a'´fO{ lbg' kg]{5 / a'‰g'
kg]{n] klg ;f]xL Dofbleq a'´L lng' kg]{5 .
(%= lgod agfpg] clwsf/L M of] P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
cfjZos lgodx¿ agfpg ;Sg]5 .
(^= vf/]hL / arfp M -!_ lghfdtL ;]]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf # sf] v08 -`_
l´lsPsf]5 .
-@_ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( / ;f] P]g cGtu{t ag]sf lgodx¿ adf]lhd
g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf ;a} sfd sf/afxLx¿ o;} P]g
adf]lhd eP u/]sf dflgg]5g\ .

b|i6Jo M != g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)^# åf/f d"n P]gsf] 7fpF 7fpFdf /x]sf b]xfosf zAbx?sf] ;§f b]xfosf zAbx?
/fvL ?kfGt/ ul/psf zAbx? M
æclws[t slj/fhÆ sf] ;§f æcfo'j]{lbs lrlsT;sÆ .
@= s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ¿kfGt/ ePsf zAbx¿M–
æ>L % sf] ;/sf/Æ sf] ;§f æg]kfn ;/sf/Æ .

48