ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS Ad, hho Celso otegechoy Arthur H. Lefebvre Par a (is) Taylor & Francis‘hw Stak Roget DAF8Z IN!) ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS, Copyright © 1989 by Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. Al righ reserved Printed inthe United Stes of America. Except at permed under the United Sues Copyright Act of 1976, no pr of tis publication may be reproduced or distributed in ay frm or ty at means, of stored ina database or review sytem, without the pice writen permission of the polisher. 34567890 BCBC 9876543 ‘This book was sin Times Roman by Edvarés Brothers, ne. The eitors were Sandra Tamburtino and ‘Mary Fresco. Covet design by Sharon Martin DePass BookCrafters, ine. was printer and binder, Lefebvre, Athur Henry, date ‘Aomization and sprays (Combasion) Btography:p. Inctdes index 1. Spraying, 2. Atomization. I Ti. I. Seis Comibasion (Hemisphere Publishing Corporation) TPIS6.S6LM 1989 660.2'961 8830101 ISBN 0-89116-6033 ISSN 1040-2756 Calan eff? CONTENTS, Preface ix 1 General Considerations 1 Introction| 1 ‘Avomization 2 ‘Avomnizers 4 Factors Influencing Atomization 9 Spray Characteristics 18 Applications 0 Glossary 2» References 24 2 Basic Processes in Atomization n Introdetion 2 ‘Static Drop Formation 2 Breakup of Drops » Disintegration of Liquid Jets ” Disintegration of Liquid Sheets 50 Summary n Nomene RB References 8Lup stu tetsu ss Introduction Graphical Representation of Drop Size Distributions “Mathematical Distribution Functions Empirical Distribution Functions ‘Mean Diameters Representative Diameters Diop Size Dispersion Concluding Remarks [Nomenclature References Atomizers Intcodvetion ‘Atomizer Requirements Pressure Atomizers Roary Atomizers Air Assist Atomizers Airblast Atomizers Effervescent Atomizers Electrostatic Atomizers Ulteasonie Atomizers Whistle Atomizers References Flow in Atomizers Introduction Flow Number Plain-Orifice Atomizer Pressure-Switl Atomizer Roary Atomizer Airblast Atomizer Nomenclature References Atomizer Performance Introduction Plain-Oritice Atomizer Pressure-Switl Atomizers Rory Atomizers Air-Assist Atomizers Airblast Atomizers Effervescent Atomizer lectostatie Atomizers ” * 2 86 OL wor wz 102 105 105 106 106 m7 136 140 142 las 146 149 130 155 135 155 156 16s 189 193 196 197 [Nomenclature References External Spray Characteristics Inroduetion Spray Properties Penetration ‘Spray Cone Angle Circumferential Liquid Distribution Airhlast Atomizers| Drop Drag Coefficients Nomenclature References Drop Evaporation Inteodetion Steady-State Evaporation Unsteady-State Analysis Drop Lifetime Convective Effects on Evaporation Calculation of Effective Evaporation Constant Influence of Evaporation on Drop Size Distribution Drop Burning Multicomponent Fuel Drops ‘Nomenclature References Drop Sizing Methods Introduction Factors Influencing Drop Size Measurement Mechanical Methods Blectrical Methods (Optical Methods ‘Concluding Remarks References Author Index Subject Index 266 a6 any an 21 208 300 301 306 307 309 309 310 330 ua ae 353 300