PRESS SH NPUBESESONNHNS ye Se SRN NNN NNN RR RNR NNN RN WRN BRS Seer eee BE CONTENTS CHAPTER 1! PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICAL MACHINE DESIGN Design of machines Design factors Limitations in design Moilern trends in design of electrical machines Modern manufacturing techniques Basio principles CHAPTER 2 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING MATERIALS Electrical conducting materials High conductivity materials Copper Aluminium Iron and stcel Alloys of copper Materials of high resistivity Materials used for precision work Materials used for rheotsats ‘Materials used for heating devices Electrical carbon mate ‘Super-conduetivity Magnetic materials ‘Type of mangoetic materials Soft magnetic materials Solid core materials Sheet steels Special purpose alloys Insulating materials Electrical properties of insulating materials Temperature rite of insulating materials Classification of insulating materials Insulating materials ured in modern electric machines Applications of insulating materials Insulating materials for wires Insulating materials for laminations Insulating materials for machines Insulating materials for transformers CHAPTER 3 HEATING AND COOLING OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES Modes of Heat Dissipation Page Mean 29 Meea 2 s13. ou sn Ganscae Beas weEwewe Bar 2S a59 Re 0. 1 3 12. 13. 2. 3. 4. 5, 6. 6: 6 7 BORO EEREEEEEMULELLELY ene SSoseuu Ss Hf 3 3 > 3 rs 3 Sane 3245. 3-246. 5247, Convection Newton's law of cooling Ambient temperature ‘Temperature Gradient Internal temperatures (Hot spot temperatures) Calculation of internal temperature ‘Temperature gradients in cores Heat flow in two dimensions ‘Thermal resistivity of windings ‘Temperature gradients in conductors placed in slots Heating of turbo-alternator rotors Cooling of Rotating Electrical Machines Cooling and astociated terminology Method of cooling Louding system Enclosures for rotating electrical machines Induced and forced ventilation Radial and axial ventilation Radial ventilating system Axial ventilating system Combined axial and radial ventilating system Cooling of totally enclo.ed machines Cooling circuits Cooling of turbo-alternators Air-cooled turbo-alternators Hydrogen covling and hy:rogen cooled turbo-alternators ‘Advantages of hydrogen cooling Hydrogen cooling systea Direet cooling and direct cooled turbo-alternators Advantages of direct cooling Coolants used for direct cooling Direct cooling system Superconducting rotor windings Gooling of water wheel generators Direct water cooled rotor windings Quantity of cooling medium (coolant) Air Hydrogen Water Oil ‘Temperatare rise-time Curves Theory of solid body heating Heating Cooling Rating of machines Selection of motor power rating: ‘Types of duties and ratings Continuous duty Short time duty Intermittent periodic duty Intermittent periodic duty with starting Intermittent periodic duty with starting and braking Gontinuous duty with intermittent periodic uty Continuous duty with starting and brakin, SSSSSSsseayArt, Page 3°25. Ambient temperature and ratings 90 3°26. Overload capacity of motors 91 227. Selection of motor capacity for continuous rating 91 3°28. Methods used for determination of motor rating for variable loads 92 3'28'1. Method of average losses 92 $282. Equivalent current method 93 3'28°3. Equivalent torque and equivalent power methods 94 329." Temperature rise with short time ratings 97 3° 0. Selection of motor capacity for short time rating 97 3°31. Temperature rise of machines with intermittent short time ratings 100 3°32. Selection of motor capacity with short time ratings 103 3°33. Selection of motor capacity for intermittent periodic duty 104 3°34. Rapid heating of conductors 109 3°35, Calculation of hot spot tempcrature 109 3°36. Calculation of surface temperature rise 110 3 Calculation of temperature rise of armatures - Mn 3 Calculation of temperature rise of field coils 112 3 Calculation of temperature rise of commutators 113. 3°37. Measurement of temperature rise 13 3 ‘Methods of measurement of temperature rise us BY Thermometer method M3 3% Resistance method 413 z: Embedded temperature detectors (E.T.D.) na 3°39. Measurement of winding temperature Na CHAPTER 4 BA>IC PRINCIPLES OF MAGNETIC CIRCUITS Basic formulae 118 ‘Magnetization curves 121 ‘Magnetic leakage 12 Magnetic Circuit Calcalations 4°4, Calculation of total mmf 122 4°4.1. Munf for air gap 123, 4°42. Net length of iron 181 4°43. Mnf for teeth 13 4°4°4, Real and apparent flux densities 133 Tron Losses 4 ‘Types of iron losses 142, 4 Hyzteresis losses \2 4 Eddy currents and eddy current losses 4 Eddy current loss in thin sheets \s 45°4, Total iron losses 5, 46. Pulsation losses My Magnetic Leakage Calculations 47. Efscus of leakage fx 13 . ‘Specific permeance 49, Leakage reactance 153 4°10, Armature leakage 154 411. Slot leakage tel sided wr 4°11'1, Specific permeance of parallel sided stots GIL, Specific permeance of tapered slots 159 4'11°3. Specific permeance of circular slots loo