English Phonetics and Phonology A practical course Second edition Peter Roach Professor of Phonetics University of Reading Es) CAMBRIDGE ip UNIVERSITY PRESSPUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP, United Kingdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS ‘The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, United Kingdom 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia © Cambridge University Press 1983, 1991 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1983 Eighth printing 1989 Second edition 1991 Eighth printing 1998 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Library of Congress catalogue card number: 90-28674 British Library cataloguing in publication data Roach, Peter 1943— English phonetics and phonology; a practical course, ~ 2nd ed. 1, English language. Phonetics 1. Title 421.5 ISBN 0 521 40718 4 ISBN 0 521 40719 2 Sct of 2 cassettes (ISBN 0 $21 28252 7 Student's Book first edition) (ISBN 0 521 28253 5 Tutor’s Book first edition) vNcok acne peepee thea ane ie Ml ei ce ON le AT, Contents List of symbols used Preface to the-second edition Thanks How to use this book 1 Introduction 3 The production of speech sounds 8 2.1 Articulators above the larynx 2.2 Vowel and consonant 2.3 English short vowels Long vowels, diphthongs and triphthongs 3.1 Long and short vowels 3.2 Diphthongs 3.3 Triphthongs Voicing and consonants 26 4.1 The larynx 4.2 Respiration and voicing 4.3 Plosives 4.4 English plosives 4.5 Fortis and lenis The phoneme = 36 §.1 The phoneme 5.2 Symbols and transcription 5.3 Phonology Fricatives and affricates 47 6.1 Production of fricatives and affricates 6.2 The fricatives of English 6.3 The affricates 6.4 Fortis consonants p 18