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`OVODB"MQSJODJQJPMPIBDBBFTDPOEJEBT
QFSPNF
FODBCSPOBCB NVDIP IBDFSMP BT BEFN¸T
WJWBNPT FO
DBTBEFNJBCVFMBZOPIBCBQSJWBDJEBE
-BSFMBDJ§ODPONJNBESFFSBNVZDPNQMFKB:PMB
BEPSBCB
MBBENJSBCBZMFUFOBVOSFTQFUPUPUBMQSPDV
SBCBDVJEBSMBNVDIP&MMBFSBQBSUFEFNJDPUJEJBOJEBE
FOUSFTFNBOBSFIBCJMJUBDJ§O
IPTQJUBMFT
DPOTVMUBT
N±
EJDPTMPTT¸CBEPTZEPNJOHPTMBD¸SDFM
"VORVFJCBBMBFTDVFMB
OPFSBVOBQSJPSJEBE$VBO
EPDVST¸CBNPTMBQSJNBSJB
:PMBOEBBTJTUBBVOBFTDVFMB
PGJDJBMZBNNFJOTDSJCJFSPOFOVOBQBSUJDVMBS
EFMBT
MMBNBEBT BDUJWBT
RVF FSBO DPMFHJPT DPO BMHVOB GPSNB
DJ§O EJE¸DUJDB EPOEF TF QSBDUJDBCBO MBT UFPSBT EF MPT
NPEFSOPT QFEBHPHPT DPNP .BLBSFOLP P FM QSPGFTPS
&SNJMP"CSFV(§NF["ITFJOUFOUBCBRVFMBSFMBDJ§O
BMVNOPNBFTUSPGVFSBN¸TIVNBOBRVFBDBE±NJDB
TF
USBUBCB RVF FM FTUVEJBOUF GVFSB BVUPEJEBDUB %JTUBCB
Una familia normal 21
NVDIPEFMBTFTDVFMBTPGJDJBMFT
FNQF[BOEPQPSFMO¡
NFSPEFOJ©PTFONJTBM§O±SBNPTT§MP
1SJNFSBEJTDSJNJOBDJ§OVTUFEFTTBCBORVFNJFO
GFSNFEBEFSBGTJDB
OPJOUFMFDUVBMQPSMPUBOUP
OPNF
QBSFDBW¸MJEPFTFBSHVNFOUPQBSBRVFFTUVWJFSBFOVO
DPMFHJPEFFEVDBDJ§OFTQFDJBM/VODBNFBEBQU±BFTF
TJTUFNB
GVJVOBQFSTPOBNVZDPOGMJDUJWBFOMBWJEBGVFSB
EFMBDBTB
NFDPSSJFSPOEFNVDIBTFTDVFMBT
"OUFUBMTJUVBDJ§O
DVBOEPJCBBDVSTBSFMRVJOUPB©P
EFQSJNBSJBNFDBNCJBSPOBMBJOTUJUVDJ§OEPOEF:P
MBOEBFTUVEJBCB"INFBQPEBCBO6SDP
IBDJFOEPSFGF
SFODJBBVOPEFMPTHPSJMBTRVFBQBSFDBFOMBQFMDVMB&M
QMBOFUBEFMPTTJNJPT
QPSRVFDPNPMPTBQBSBUPTQFTB
CBONVDIPZPUFOBRVFFODPSWBSNFVOQPDPQBSBDB
NJOBS
ZFGFDUJWBNFOUFMPIBDBDPNPVOQSJNBUF-PT
OJ©PTTPONVZDSVFMFTZCVTDBOFMQVOUPE§OEFQFHBS
.FNPMFTUBCBNVDIPFMTPCSFOPNCSFRVFNFQVTJF
SPOZMBGPSNBFOMBRVFTFCVSMBCBOEFN"EFN¸T
NFTFOUBTVNBNFOUFJNQPUFOUFQPSRVFNJNBESFZB
NFIBCBTFOUFODJBEPTJNFWPMWBOBDPSSFSEFMBFT
DVFMB
SB[§OQPSMBDVBMZPCVTDBCBOPEBSQSPCMFNBTZ
USBHBSNFNJDPSBKF
.JTBM§OFTUBCBVCJDBEPFOFMUFSDFSQJTPEFMFEJGJ
DJP6OEBTBMJFOEPEFDMBTFT
NJFOUSBTCBKBCB
VOOJ©P
NFFNQVK§EFUBMNBOFSBRVFSPE±QPSMBTFTDBMFSBT
$BFOFMEFTDBOTPTJOUJFOEPNJCSB[PJ[RVJFSEPNPKBEP
DBMJFOUFZBEPSNFDJEP7PMWMBDBSBZBMEBSNFDVFOUB
RVF UFOB VOB GSBDUVSB FYQVFTUB OP TFOU UBOUP EPMPS
D§NPD§MFSB7JCBKBSBMDVMQBCMFDPSSJFOEPQBSBUSBUBS
EFCSJODBSNFZFTDBQBS
QFSPMPQFTRV±FOFMBJSF
MFKBM±
22 Carta a mi padre
FMQJFZDBZ§IBTUBFMQJTPTJHVJFOUF$POFMCSB[PSPUP
NFMFWBOU±
CBK±MBTFTDBMFSBT
NFNPOU±FO±MZDP
NFOD±BHPMQFBSMP%FQSPOUPBMHVJFONFKBM§QPSEF
US¸TZBMTFOUJSMPBWFOU±VOBQBUBEBUBOGVFSUFRVF
BZV
EBEBQPSFMGJFSSPEFMPTBQBSBUPT
MFIJDFVOCPRVFUFB
MBQBSFEEFUBCJD§OIVFDPRVFUFOBFOGSFOUF3FDVFS
EPQFSGFDUBNFOUFMBFYQSFTJ§OEFMPTOJ©PTi`0IIIw
"QBSUJSEFFTFTVDFTPQBTFEFTFS6SDPBMIPNCSFCJ§OJDP
.F FYQVMTBSPO T§MP EPT TFNBOBT EF MB FTDVFMB
B
QFTBSEFRVFFONJGVSJBMFUJS±WBSJPTEJFOUFTZMFSPNQ
MBOBSJ[BMDIBNBDPBHSFTPS$VBOEPSFHSFT±BMBFTDVFMB
U¡NFBDPNQB©BTUF"MFOUSBSWJBVOOJ©PDPOMBDBSB
QBSDIBEB RVF NF BDVTBCB DPO TV QBESF &O FTF NP
NFOUPFMFTU§NBHPTFNFWPMUF§BMSFW±T&MUJQP
NV
DIPN¸TBMUPRVFZP
NFUPN§EFMCSB[PZNFSFDMBN§
MPRVFMFIBCBIFDIPBTVIJKPEFUS¸TEF±MBQBSFDJTUF
U¡ZMFEJKJTUFi"TRVFMFQFHBTBMPTOJ©PT
DBCS§Ow
MP
FOGSFOUBTUF Z MP HPMQFBTUF 5F DVFOUP FTUP QPSRVF B
QBSUJSEFFOUPODFTNFDPOWFSUFOMBQSPUFDUPSBEFMBT
DBVTBTQFSEJEBTUPEPTMPTOJ©PTEFMPTHSBEPTJOGFSJP
SFTNFCVTDBCBODVBOEPMPTHSBOEFTMFTRVJUBCBOTVT
¡UJMFT P TV UPSUB ZP JOUFSDFEB QPS FMMPT QBSB RVF MFT
EFWPMWJFSBOTVTDPTBT$POUPEPFTUPDPOTFHVBDFQUB
DJ§O"HSFTJPOFTOVODBEFKBSPOEFIBCFS
TPCSFUPEP
EFMPTOJ©PTNBZPSFT
QFSPZPZBOPNFTFOUBTPMB
ZB
OPNFTFOUBCVSMBEB.JBVUPFTUJNBNFKPS§NVDIP
QPSRVFTFOUBRVFNFQPEBEFGFOEFSBNNJTNBZB
MPTEFN¸T&MRVFOPNFIBZBOFYQVMTBEPEFGJOJUJWB
NFOUFEFMBFTDVFMBNFUSBORVJMJ[§QPSRVFDPNQSFOE
RVFFMDPOGMJDUPOPOBEBN¸TFSBNP
TJOPRVFIBCB
Una familia normal 23
UBNCJ±OVOQSPCMFNBEFBDFQUBDJ§OEFMBTPUSBTQBSUFT
RVFJOUFSBDUVBCBOFOFMBNCJFOUFFTDPMBS
$PNPUFEBS¸TDVFOUB
NVDIBTDPTBTIBOTVDFEJEP
BMPMBSHPEFNJWJEBRVFOPQVEFDPNQBSUJSDPOUJHPFO
FTQFDJBM
SFDVFSEPVOFQJTPEJPUBOEPMPSPTPRVFOPUVWF
MBDPOGJBO[BEFDPOUBSMFBOBEJFFOTVNPNFOUP
5FOBB©PTZQBT¸CBNPTMPTEPNJOHPTFODBTBEF
NJBCVFMBNBUFSOB−.BN¸&MFOJUB
MFEFDBNPT−DPO
UPT
UBT
QSJNPTZQSJNBT&OVOBEFFTBTPDBTJPOFT
"SUVSP
FMIFSNBOPNFOPSEFNJNBN¸
NFMMFW§BTV
DVBSUP NJFOUSBT MPT EFN¸T KVHBCBO FM SFHMBNFOUBSJP
UPDIJUP
DPOFMQSFUFYUPEFSFHBMBSNFVO¸MCVNEFFT
UBNQBTEF8BMU%JTOFZ:PFTUBCBTFOUBEBFOMBDBNB
EFBCBKP−FSBVOBMJUFSB−Z±MFTUBCBEFQJFGSFOUFBN
.JFOUSBTIPKFBCBTVPCTFRVJP
DPNFO[§BBDBSJDJBSNF
FM DBCFMMP DVBOEP NF EJ DVFOUB FTUBCB GSPUBOEP NJ
DBSBDPOUSBTVTHFOJUBMFT
PDVMUPTCBKPFMQBOUBM§O5SBU±
EFTFQBSBSNF
QFSPNFTVKFU§DPOGVFS[BZNFEJKPi/P
HSJUFTOJIBHBTOBEB
ZPUFOHPBNJHPTQPMJDBTRVFQVFEFO
NFUFSBUVQBQ¸BMBD¸SDFMPUSBWF[w.FBTVTU±NVDIP
ZQFOT±FONJNBN¸FMNJFEPNFQBSBMJ[§%FNBOFSB
JOFTQFSBEBTFOUTVWJFOUSFQFMVEPFONJSPTUSPNFUJ§TV
QFOFFONJCPDB4¡CJUBNFOUFNFTPMU§ZSFQJUJ§TVBNF
OB[Bi"DV±SEBUFRVFZPQVFEPNFUFSQSFTPBU¡QBQ¸w
$PSSBMCB©PZ
DPOFMDFQJMMPEFEJFOUFTRVFVTBCBONJT
UPT QBSB BTFBSTF MBT V©BT
NF MBW± MB CPDB Z MB MFOHVB
RVFSJFOEPEFTIBDFSNFEFFTFTBCPSGVFJO¡UJM
&T DPNQMJDBEP FYQMJDBS QPS RV± NF TFOU UPEB MB
WJEB DVMQBCMF EF FTF JODJEFOUF
DVBOEP ZP DSFB RVF
DPONJTJMFODJPMPTFTUBCBQSPUFHJFOEPBUJZBNBN¸
24 Carta a mi padre
-PTTJHVJFOUFTGJOFTEFTFNBOBGVFSPOJHVBMFT:POP
RVFSBJSBDBTBEFNJBCVFMB
QFSPNJNBN¸OPTPCMJHB
CBQBSBBGJSNBSTVGBOUBTBEFMBHSBOVOJEBEGBNJMJBS
6OPEFFTPTEPNJOHPT"SUVSPNFBSSPK§BMBDBNBZ
USBTSFJUFSBSMBBEWFSUFODJBEFTJFNQSF
NFTPNFUJ§NF
QVTPEFCSVDFT
CBK§NJTQBOUBMPOFTFMQFTPEFTVDVFS
QPNFTPGPDBCB4FOUVOEPMPSUFSSJCMFZNVDIBTHBOBT
EFJSBMCB©P+BN¸TPMWJEBS±FTFPMPSBTFNFOZFYDSF
NFOUPNF[DMBEPT
FMWBIPEFTVKBEFPFONJDBSB
.JNBN¸NFSFHB©BCBDPOTUBOUFNFOUFQPSRVFUP
EPTMPTEBTUFOBTVDJPTMPTDBM[POFT.FQPOBDPNP
FKFNQMPBMUP3JOD§O
RVJFOBQFTBSEFTVTEJGJDVMUBEFT
GTJDBTFSBVOIPNCSFMJNQJP/VODBQFOT§RVFTVIJKB
UVWJFSBFMFTGOUFSMFTJPOBEPQPSMBCFTUJBEFTVIFSNBOP
/PT±DV¸OEPUFSNJO§FTP$SFPRVFGVFBQBSUJSEF
RVFMFDPOTFHVJTUFBRVFMMBCFDBQBSBFTUVEJBSNFEJDJOB
FO.PTD¡%FDVBMRVJFSNPEP
ZPBEWFSUBRVF"SUVSP
UPDBCBBNJTQSJNBTZBNJTQSJNPTJHVBMRVFBN
Z
OBEJFIBDBOBEB"MDSFDFS
UPEPNVOEPTFQSFHVOUB
CBQPSRV±PEJBCBBFTFUJQP&OWBSJBTPDBTJPOFTOPT
BHBSSBNPTBUSBODB[PTJODMVTPZBFTUBOEPZPFOMBTJMMB
EFSVFEBTVOEBOPTFODPOUSBNPTFODBTBEFNBN¸
&MFOJUBZBMWFSMPTFOUBEPBMBNFTB
DPOTVNJSBEBCVS
MPOBZBMUBOFSB
OP QVEF SFTJTUJS NF MF GVJ FODJNB B
HPMQFT
MP NPSE IBTUB RVF NF DBOT± ±M UBNCJ±O MP
IJ[P/PTTFQBS§FMCBTU§OEFNJBCVFMBZTVTFOUFODJB
i&TUVUP
UJFOFTRVFSFTQFUBSMPw"MFNJQSJNP
RVF
QSFTFODJ§MBHPMQJ[B
OPFOUFOEJ§TJOPIBTUBBIPSBFM
QPSRV±EFUBOUPPEJP
RVFIPZDPNQBSUFDPONJHP
Una familia normal 25
"MPTTJFUFB©PTEFFEBENFFOWJBSPOB3VNBOBQBSB
PQFSBSNFEFVOBNBMGPSNBDJ§OFOMBQJFSOBJ[RVJFSEB
FMIVFTPTFIBCBEFGPSNBEPZTFUPSDBIBDJBBGVFSB
QSPWPDBOEP RVF BM DBNJOBS DBEB QBTP EJCVKBSB VO
DSDVMPZNFDBZFSBDPONVDIBGSFDVFODJBBMOPDPO
USPMBSNJEFBNCVMBS
'VFFOKVMJPEFDVBOEPNJNBESFEFDJEJ§RVF
NFBDPNQB©BTFTU¡ZOPFMMBTFH¡OEJKPQBSBRVFBM
DPOWJWJSOPTQVEJ±SBNPTDPOPDFSZBDFSDBSOPTFNP
DJPOBMNFOUF
ZBRVFDPOUPEBTUVTBVTFODJBTOPUFOBT
JEFBEFMQSPDFTPEFNJFOGFSNFEBEZZPUFUFOBQ¸OJ
DPQPSUVTBSSBORVFTEFSBCJBIBDJBN
"TQVFT
BCPSEBNPTFMBWJ§OEF-VGUIBOTBRVFOPT
MMFWBSBBMFODVFOUSPEFOVFTUSPDPOPDJNJFOUPNVUVP
7JBKBCBDPOOPTPUSPTVODPNQB©FSPEFM1BSUJEP$PNV
28 Carta a mi padre
OJTUB.FYJDBOP 1$.
RVFJSBDPOUJHPBVODPOHSFTPFO
MB IPZ EFTBQBSFDJEB 3FQ¡CMJDB %FNPDS¸UJDB "MFNBOB
3%"
TVOPNCSFFSB"OUPOJP$BSBN&MWVFMPGVFCBT
UBOUFBCVSSJEP
DPOMPTEPTDBNBSBEBTIBCMBOEPEFQP
MUJDB
BMHPRVFZP
BNJTTJFUFB©PT
OPFOUFOEB
BTRVF
NFPDVQBCBFOMFFSPQMBUJDBSDPOMBTTPCSFDBSHPTZDPOP
DFSMBDBCJOBEFMBWJ§O
$VBOEPUFEPSNJTUFOPNFBUSFWBEFTQFSUBSUFUF
QPOBTDPNPPHSPTJJOUFSSVNQBOUVTVF©P"TMBTDP
TBT
OPNFRVFE§N¸TSFNFEJPRVFBCVSSJSNFEVSBOUF
MBTIPSBTEFWJBKFIBTUBMMFHBSB'SBODGPSU
EPOEFUSBOT
CPSEBSBNPTEPTIPSBTN¸TUBSEFQBSBMMFHBSB#VDBSFTU
&M BFSPQVFSUP FSB FOPSNF Z FTUBCB MMFOP EF HFOUF
&OUSBSBMU¡OFMUSBOTQPSUBEPSRVFOPTMMFWBCBEFMBWJ§O
BMBTBMBEFFTQFSBFSBDPNPFTUBSFOFMSPEBKFEFVOB
QFMDVMB EF DJFODJB GJDDJ§O &O MBT UJFOEBT WFOEBO EF
UPEPZQBSBVOBOJ©BEFNJFEBEBRVFMMPSFTVMUBCBNB
SBWJMMPTP&MWVFMPB#VDBSFTUGVFOPWFEPTP
QVFTMBTI±
MJDFTEFMBWJ§OTPWJ±UJDPIBDBONVDIPSVJEPZMBTUVSCV
MFODJBTTFEFKBCBOTFOUJSDPONVDIPN¸TGVFS[BRVFFO
FMBWJ§OBMFN¸O6OBTDJODPIPSBTN¸TUBSEFMMFHBNPT
B3VNBOB"MQJFEFMBTFTDBMJOBUBTEFMBWJ§OOPTFTQF
SBCBVOBDPNJUJWBEFMHPCJFSOPSVNBOP
EFMBDVBMGPS
NBCB QBSUF VOB KPWFO IFSNPTB DPO NJOJGBMEB
RVJFO
TFSBOVFTUSBUSBEVDUPSBEVSBOUFMBFTUBODJBFOFTFQBT
4VOPNCSFFSB+PBOB{-BSFDVFSEBT
/PTIPTQFEBSPOFOFMIPUFMEFM$PNJU±$FOUSBM
EPO
EF BMPKBCBO B TVT JOWJUBEPT FTQFDJBMFT &SB VO FEJGJDJP
NVZHSBOEFDPOVOKBSEOFOPSNFRVFBMGSFOUFFTUBCB
MMFOPEFGMPSFT
DPNPFOMBTDPOTUSVDDJPOFTEFMBSFBMF[B
Rumanía 29
NPTFMEPNJOHP6TUFEFTEPTTFNBSDIBSPOZNFEFKB
SPOTPMBFOVOMVHBSEFTDPOPDJEP
.FQSFHVOUPTJUFOBTJEFBEFD§NPFSBOMBTDPTBTFO
FM IPTQJUBM &TUBCB FO VO DVBSUP DPO DJODP OJ©PT N¸T
3FDVFSEPCJFOBVOBOJ©BEFBQSPYJNBEBNFOUFDVBUSP
B©PTDPOMPTJOUFTUJOPTFYQVFTUPTQPSVOBFOGFSNFEBE
DPOH±OJUB
TJFNQSFFODBNBZDPOVOBTPOSJTBFOTVDB
SJUBQFDPTB-BIBCJUBDJ§OFSBNVZGSB
DSFPRVFFTPFSB
EFCJEPBVOWJESJPSPUPRVFQFSNBOFDJ§BTEVSBOUFUPEB
NJFTUBODJBT§MPDVBOEPDPNFO[§BOFWBSMPDVCSJFSPO
DPOVOBDPCJKBEPCMBEB
5PEBTMBTOPDIFTMMPSBCBNVDIP
FOTJMFODJPMFSFDMB
NBCBBNJNBESFTVBCBOEPOP&SBIPSSJCMFDVBOEP
TFSFVOBOMPTN±EJDPTBNBMSFEFEPSQBSBBVTDVMUBS
NF
UPEPTBTFOUBOPOFHBCBODPOMBDBCF[BNJFOUSBT
ZPOPFOUFOEBBCTPMVUBNFOUFOBEBEFMPRVFIBCMB
CBO
BVORVFTVUSBUPGVFTJFNQSFNVZDBSJ©PTP
.JSFMBDJ§ODPOMPTPUSPTOJ©PTGVFBMQSJODJQJPNVZ
EJGDJMZPTJOIBCMBSTVJEJPNBZTPMB
ZFMMPTNBOJGFTUB
CBOMBDSVFMEBERVFTVFMFBQBSFDFSDVBOEPMBHFOUFEF
FTBFEBETFFODVFOUSBFOHSVQP-PTN¸THSBWFTFTUBCBO
JOUFSOBEPTFODVBSUPTFTQFDJBMFT
BDPNQB©BEPTEFTVT
NBN¸T
-PTEBTQBTBCBOFOUSFDPOTVMUBTZQJRVFUFT
FOUSF
CVSMBTZHPMQFTEFBMHVOPTOJ©PTN¸THSBOEFTRVFZP
)BCBVOBFOGFSNFSBRVFNFBEPQU§ZNFQSPUFHB
4V OPNCSF FSB 4WFUMBOB
UFOB VOPT B©PT
MB DBSB
SFEPOEB
FMDBCFMMPOFHSPZDPSUP
EFQJFMNVZCMBODB
Z EF DPNQMFYJ§O VO QPDP MMFOJUB $PO 4WFUMBOB NF
TFOUBNFOPTTPMB&MMBGVFMBRVFQVTPDMBSBNFOUFFO
Rumanía 31
NJDPODJFODJBFMEFTFPEFTFSNVKFSQPSQSJNFSBWF[
DVBOEPVOEBNFEJKPRVFDPONJTPKPTZNJDBSBZP
EFCIBCFSTJEPOJ©B"RVFMMPOPNFDBVT§OJOH¡ONB
MFTUBSQPSFMDPOUSBSJP
NFTFOUNVZRVFSJEB/PT±
FYQMJDBSMP
QFSPGVFMBQSJNFSBPDBTJ§OFORVFPEJ±TFS
IPNCSF4WFUMBOBSFQFUBDPONVDIBGSFDVFODJBTVPC
TFSWBDJ§O
IBTUBNFMMBNBCBTVOJ©JUBZPQFOTBCBRVF
FSBQPSRVFMMPSBCBNVDIP
QFSPMPIBDBEFOPDIFZFMMB
OPMPTBCB
-PTEPNJOHPTFSBOMPTEBTN¸TGFMJDFT
FSBOEBEF
WJTJUB5PEPTSFDJCBOBNBN¸ZBQBQ¸yUPEPTNFOPT
ZP+PBOBNFIBDBN¸TMJWJBOBFTBBVTFODJBNFMMFWBCB
MJCSPTQBSBDPMPSFBS
DVFOUPT
SPNQFDBCF[BT
KVHVFUFTQBSB
BSNBS
BMH¡OQBTUFMZ
QPSTVQVFTUP
UVTTBMVEPT
ZBRVF
FTUBCBTFOSFVOJPOFTQPS&VSPQBPEFTDBOTBOEPFOMBT
NPOUB©BTCBMD¸OJDBT
6OBOPDIFMMVWJPTBEFTFQUJFNCSF
BDPTUBEBFOVOB
DBNJMMB
BUSBWFT±FMM¡HVCSFQBTJMMPRVFNFDPOEVDJSBBM
RVJS§GBOP3FDVFSEPQBTBSCBKPMBTM¸NQBSBTEFMUFDIP
BNFEJPFODFOEFSZMBTQBSFEFTBMVNCSBEBTQPSMPTSF
M¸NQBHPTEFMBUPSNFOUBOPDUVSOB$SV[BNPTVOBTQVFS
UBTHSBOEFTZWJBMEPDUPSSPEFBEPEFFOGFSNFSBTKVOUPB
VOBDBNBEFNFUBMNVZGSPDPOVOBFOPSNFM¸NQBSB
BSSJCB.FBDPTUBSPOTPCSFBRVFMIFMBEPNFUBMZNFEJKF
SPORVFUPEPFTUBSBCJFO
DPMPDBSPOVOBNBTDBSJMMBTPCSF
NJSPTUSP
FMEPDUPSNFQJEJ§RVFDPOUBSBEFMBMVOPZ
RVFSFTQJSBSBQSPGVOEPZQBVTBEP&OUPODFTDPOU±
y
$VBOEPBCSMPTPKPTZBFSBEFEBZUFOBUVCPTQPS
UPEPTMBEPT.JQJFSOBFOZFTBEBFTUBCBTPTUFOJEBEFM
32 Carta a mi padre
UFDIPQPSVOPTDPOUSBQFTPTDPOQPMFBTNFFTQBOU±NV
DIP
QFSP4WFUMBOBFTUBCBBMM"MEBTJHVJFOUFNFMMFWB
SPOBNJDVBSUPZNFEJDVFOUB
BMQFSNBOFDFSWBSJPTEBT
FODBNB
RVFFOUFOEBUPEPMPRVFFTDVDIBCB:BOPNF
TFOUUBOTPMB
BVORVFOPIVCPVOTPMPEBFORVFOP
EFKBSBEFFYUSB©BSBNJNBESFZMMPSBSQPSTVBCBOEPOP
&M FTQFDU¸DVMP FSB IFSNPTP 5PEPT MPT ¸SCPMFT TF
QJOUBCBOEFPSPZSPKPZQSPOUPEFKBSBOTVTUSPODPT
UPUBMNFOUF EFTOVEPT QBSB FM JOWJFSOP .JFOUSBT
FM
TVFMPTFDPOWFSUBFOVOBFOPSNFZDSVKJFOUFBMGPNCSB
DPOCSJMMPTEFGBOUBTB-MPWBDBTJUPEPFMUJFNQPZMPT
EBTTFIBDBON¸TGSPT&OUPODFT
MBTTBMJEBTBMKBSEO
GVFSPON¸TDPSUBTZUFOBNPTRVFKVHBSBEFOUSP"QSFO
EBDPOWJWJSDPOUPEPTMPTOJ©PTZFMMPTNFDPOPDJFSPO
CJFO"MQSJODJQJPNFDVFTUJPOBCBONVDIPQPSMBBVTFO
DJBEFNJTQBESFT
DSFBORVFNFIBCBOBCBOEPOBEPTJO
FNCBSHP
ZPMFTFYQMJDBCBFOUPEBTMBTGPSNBTQPTJCMFT
RVF TV USBCBKP
RVF TV NJMJUBODJB
RVF MB SFWPMVDJ§O Z
NVDIBTPUSBTDPTBTMFTJNQFEBOFTUBSDPONJHP
QFSPOP
MPFOUFOEBO-BWFSEBEFTRVFZPUBNQPDP
ZTJFNQSF
UFSNJOBCBKVTUJGJDBOEPBMHPRVFZPNJTNBSFQSPDIBCB
4JOEBSNFDVFOUBDVNQMPDIPB©PT&SBVOEBDPNP
DVBMRVJFSB
ZPOJNFBDPSEBCB
QFSPBMBTUSFTEFMBUBSEF
MMFH§+PBOBDPOVOQBTUFMZ4WFUMBOBUSBKPIFMBEPEFOVF[
ZWBSJPTQMBUPT5PEPTNJTBNJHPTNFDBOUBSPOBMHPRVF
DPOFMUJFNQPTFNFPMWJE§"RVFMMBOPDIF
DPNPUP
EBT
MMPS±RVFSBFOUFOEFSQPSRV±NFTFOUBDBTUJHBEB
-BSFDPNFOEBDJ§OEFiQ§SUBUFDPNPIPNCSFDJUPwNF
DPOGVOEB NVDIP
{BDBTP MPT IPNCSFT OP MMPSBO &O
UPODFT
DBEBWF[DPON¸THBOBT
PEJ±OPTFSNVKFS
Rumanía 33
1BT§FMUJFNQPZMMFH§EJDJFNCSF-PTN±EJDPTEFDJ
EJFSPOEFKBSNFTBMJSEFMIPTQJUBMQBSBRVFQBTBSBMBT¡MUJ
NBTTFNBOBTEFDPOWBMFDFODJBFOFMIPUFM6OBNB©BOB
GSBUPDBSPOMBQVFSUBEFMDVBSUPZBMMFWBOUBSMBNJSBEB
UFWJUVTQBMBCSBTTPOBSPODPNPFMQFSE§ORVFUBOUP
FTQFS±1PSGJONFJSBZFTUBCBTFHVSBEFRVFU¡TNF
RVFSBT /P JNQPSUBCBO MPT DVBUSP NFTFT EF TPMFEBE
FTUBCBTGSFOUFBNZNFTBDBSBTEFBMM
.FEFTQFEEFUPEBTZUPEPTNJTBNJHPT
NVDIPTZB
TFIBCBONBSDIBEPZMMFHBSPOPUSPTBIPSBNFUPDBCB
BN"4WFUMBOBMBBCSBD±NVZGVFSUFZMFKVS±RVFOVO
DBMBPMWJEBSB/PT§MPOPMBPMWJE±
TJOPRVFMFUFOHPVO
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BQBTBSTFOPNCSFTEFNFEJDBNFOUPT`8PX&SBBMHPRVF
FTUBCBCVTDBOEPIBDBUJFNQPQPSRVFZPQFOTBCBRVFMB
IPSNPOBDJ§OFTUBCBQSPIJCJEB
4BCBRVFRVFSBUFOFSFMDVFSQPEFNVKFS
QFSPNF
QSFHVOUBCBD§NPTJOPUFOBMBOBQBSBPQFSBSNF1PS
RVFVOJNQMBOUFEFTFOPTVOPT
WBSPTVOQBS
EFOBMHVJUBT
QVFTQPSBIN¸TPNFOPTVOBPQFSB
DJ§OEFSPTUSP
PUSBMBOB:EFTQV±TMBSFBTJHOBDJ§OEF
TFYPy/P
QVFTJCBBFTUBSDBOJKP
1FSPUBNCJ±OTBCBRVFFMQSPDFTPEFUSBOTFYVBMJ
EBEFNQF[BCBDPOVOUSBUBNJFOUPIPSNPOBM4JOFN
66 Carta a mi padre
CBSHP
EFTDPOPDBD§NPPCUFOFSMPPRVJ±OMPSFDFUB
CB1PSFTPDVBOEPFOUS±BFTBQ¸HJOBZNFFOUFS±RVF
WFOEFOMBTIPSNPOBTTJOSFDFUBZTFQVFEFODPNQSBS
FOGBSNBDJBTEFTJNJMBSFTN¸TCBSBUBT
NFEJKFi"IPSB
FTDVBOEPw
-BTDPNQS±6ONPNFOUPBOUFTEFQPOFSNFMBQSJ
NFSBBNQPMMFUBFOMBQJFSOBNFWJFOFMFTQFKPZNF
EFTQFEEFMBPUSBJNBHFOi"EJ§T
ZBUFWBTQBSBTJFN
QSFw-BJOZFDDJ§ONFEPMJ§VODIJOHP
/J/±MJEB
OJU¡
OJOBEJF
TBCBOOBEBEFFTUP1B
TBSPOUSFTNFTFTZDPNFO[BSPOBQSFTFOUBSTFDBNCJPT
NVZFWJEFOUFTFON-BWP[NFWJCSBCBNVDIPZOP
MPQPEBDPOUSPMBS/FMJNFQSFHVOUBCBRV±QBTBCB
BT
RVFQBSBEJTJNVMBSIBCMBCBDBTJFOTFDSFUP&MMBTFEFTFT
QFSBCBQPSRVFOPNFFTDVDIBCB
QFSPFTPOPFSBUPEP
EFDBRVFNJNJSBEBFSBPUSB
RVFNFFTUBCBDBNCJBOEP
MBQJFMZNFTBMBDBCFMMPOVFWP5VWFRVFEFDJSMFRVFIB
CBDPNQSBEPVOPEFFTPTDPNQMFNFOUPTBMJNFOUJDJPT
RVFBOVODJBOFOMBUFMFWJTJ§OZNFMPFTUBCBUPNBOEP
5PEPFMUJFNQPFOMBDBTBFTUBCBWFTUJEBEFNVKFS
%PSNBWFTUJEBEFNVKFS4JOFNCBSHP
BGVFSBOPFSB
MPNJTNP/±MJEBTJFNQSFNFEFDBRVFTJJCBBTBMJS
DPOFMMBNFDBNCJBSB1BSBOPFOUSBSFODPOGMJDUPT
MP
IBDB$VBOEPTBMBZPTPMBJCBWFTUJEBEFNVKFS
BVO
RVFUPEPFMNVOEPTFNFRVFEBCBWJFOEP
$POGBMEBUPNBCBUBYJT
`ZRV±`"TTPZZRV±-BT
IPSNPOBTEFSFQFOUFFNQF[BSPOBDBVTBSDPTBTRVF
ZBGVFJOFWJUBCMFFTDPOEFS$BEBWF[RVFNFNBRVJMMB
CBNFWFBN¸TGFNFOJOB{4BCFT :POPT±RV±FGFDUP
UFOHBOFOFMSPTUSP
QFSPDBNCJB%JDFOMPTN±EJDPT
Metamorfosis 67
DBCBTVBQSPCBDJ§OFSBNJEFDJTJ§O1BSBFMMBGVFNVZ
EJGDJM-PFOUFOEJ§
QFSPNFEJKPRVFOPNFBZVEBSB
BJOZFDUBSNFQPSRVFFSBDPNPDPOUSJCVJSBMEPMPSRVF
TFOUBQPSMBUSBOTGPSNBDJ§OEFTVQBSFKB
.FDPTUBCBNVDIPDPNQSFOEFSOVFTUSBOVFWBTJ
UVBDJ§OFOMBDPOWJWFODJBDPUJEJBOBBWFDFTNFUSBUBCB
DPNPTVQBSFKBZBWFDFTOP4JZPRVFSBUFOFSBMH¡O
BDFSDBNJFOUPGTJDPNFEFDBRVFZBOP±SBNPTDPN
QB©FSBT
QFSPDVBOEPTFTVTDJUBCBOFTUFUJQPEFTJUVB
DJPOFTSFMBDJPOBEBTDPOFMQSPDFTPEFUSBOTFYVBMJEBEMB
DPTBFSBEJGFSFOUF-FDPNFOU±RVFEFNJQBSUFOPIBCB
OJOH¡ODPOGMJDUPFOUFOFSVOBSFMBDJ§ODPOVOBNVKFS
&MMBOPBDFQU§
1BTBEP FM FQJTPEJP EF MB JOUPYJDBDJ§O
EFDJE RVF MP
NFKPSFSBDPOTVMUBSBVON±EJDPFTQFDJBMJTUB
QFSPOPTB
CBQPSE§OEFFNQF[BS
BTRVFGVJBWFSBNJQSJNP'SBO
DJTDP
NFKPSDPOPDJEPDPNP7JPMFUB$PNPDPNQSFOEFS¸T
OP DPOGFT± RVF RVFSB MB JOGPSNBDJ§O QBSB N -F QFE
RVFBWFSJHVBSBMPTEBUPTEFMEPDUPSQBSBQBT¸STFMPTBVOB
BNJHB.FQJEJ§VODPSSFPFMFDUS§OJDPFOFMRVFQVEJFSB
QPOFSTFFODPOUBDUPDPOFMMBQPSTVQVFTUPMFEJFMNP
BVORVF±MOPMPTBCB
&NQF[BNPT B DPNVOJDBSOPT QPS FTB WB ±M OP TF
JNBHJOBCBRVFFSBZP.FEJPMPTEBUPTEFMEPDUPS%BWJE
#BSSJPT'VJBWFSMPZNFQVTPVOBSFHB©J[BQPSIBCFSNF
BVUPNFEJDBEP4VTQFOEJNPTMBIPSNPOBDJ§O.FFYQMJ
D§RVFEFCBNPTIBDFSNVDIPTFTUVEJPTZUSBCBKBSDPOVO
SPMEFWJEBGFNFOJOPQBSBWFSD§NPJCBFODBKBOEPFNP
DJPOBMNFOUF
o1VFTFTRVFFOUPEPTMBEPTZBTPZNVKFS
Metamorfosis 69
o{:D§NPUFWB
o1VFTEFMBDIJOHBEB
QFSPBIWPZ
"MFNQF[BSFMUSBUBNJFOUPIPSNPOBMFOGPSNBNJ
GFNJOJ[BDJ§OTFIJ[PFOUSFTNFTFT%FSFQFOUFQFOTB
CBi2VJ±OFTFTBRVFFTU¸FOFMFTQFKP
QSFT±OUFONF
MB
FTU¸NVZHVBQBw.FDBNCJ§UPEPSBQJETJNP&M
B©P BOUFSJPS FM DSFDJNJFOUP NBNBSJP FSB FTDBTP FO
FTPTUSFTNFTFTTFIJ[PN¸TFWJEFOUF/FMJNFEFDB
RVFNFFTUBCBQPOJFOEPCJFOOBMHPOB:PTFOUBRVF
TP©BCB
/±MJEB
1BSB/±MJEBGVFVOQSPDFTPQBVMBUJOP4FBDPTUVNCS§
1PDPBQPDPQFSEJ§TVTNJFEPT6OEBMFEJKFB%BWJE
NJQTJD§MPHP
RVF/FMJDSFBRVFEFCBFYQMJDBSMFBUPEP
NVOEPMPRVFOPTQBTBCB
MPDVBMMBNFUBFOVODPO
GMJDUPÎMNFDPNFOU§RVFFMMBOPUFOBOBEBRVFFYQMJDBS
ZRVFZPTFMPFYQMJDBSBBRVJFOZPRVJTJFSB
$VBOEP MF QMBUJRV± FM FQJTPEJP B /±MJEB
NF QSF
HVOU§TJQPEBTBMJSBMBDBMMFTJONJFEPBFTUBSQFOTBO
EPMPRVFJCBBSFTQPOEFSMFBMBHFOUFi$MBSP
FTNJWJEB
OPMBUVZB5¡OPUJFOFTRVFUFOFSNJFEP4JMBHFOUF
QSFHVOUB
TBCSFNPTTJSFTQPOEFSPOPw"QBSUJSEFFTF
NPNFOUPMFCBK§MBBOHVTUJB
4JOFNCBSHP
/±MJEBUFOBPUSPDPOGMJDUP&OSFBMJ
EBEFSBN¸TDPNQMJDBEPEFMRVFQVEJFSBOUFOFSVTUFEFT
DPNPGBNJMJBSFT/PTBCBRV±DMBTFEFSFMBDJ§OMMFWBS
72 Carta a mi padre
DPONJHP4VQTJD§MPHBMFEJKPRVFQFOTBSBRV±RVFSB
RVFGV±SBNPTIFSNBOJUBT
DPNBESJUBT
BNJHBT
QSJNBT
{RV± /FMJSFTQPOEJ§RVFMFHVTUBCBIFSNBOBT$MBSP
TVQTJD§MPHBKBN¸TMFQSPQVTPMBPQDJ§OEFTFSQBSFKB
1PSRVFZPFTUPZDPOWFODJEBEFRVFTJMFIVCJFSBPGSF
DJEP FTB BMUFSOBUJWB
FMMB OP TF IVCJFSB DPOGMJDUVBEP
UBOUP
/±MJEBNFIBEJDIPRVFNFBNB
QFSPOPTBCFRV±
IBDFS
D§NP EFDSTFMP BM NVOEP
BTFHVSB RVF OP FT
MFTCJBOB:PMFIFQSPQVFTUPRVFOPTFFUJRVFUF4JU¡
NFQSFHVOUBTTJTPZMFTCJBOBZPUFWPZBEFDJSRVFOP
T±5BMWF[TPZCJTFYVBM
UBMWF[OJTJRVJFSBTFBFTP.F
QVFEFOHVTUBSBMHVOPTIPNCSFTZUBNCJ±ONFQVF
EFOHVTUBSBMHVOBTNVKFSFT
OPUPEPTOJUPEBT
QFSPQBSB
RV±NFFUJRVFUPTJFMBNPSOPUJFOFH±OFSP6OPQVF
EFTFOUJSBNPSQPSMPTQBESFT
QPSMPTIFSNBOPT
QPS
MPTBNJHPT:QPSTFSNVKFSIFUFSPTFYVBMOPOFDFTBSJB
NFOUFUFOHPRVFTFOUJSBGFDUPT§MPQPSIPNCSFT.JT
BGFDUPTOPUJFOFOOBEBRVFWFSDPOFTP
)BTUBMBGFDIB/FMJOPQVFEFDPOMBTJUVBDJ§O&TU¸
CVTDBOEPQBSFKB
BMHPRVFBNNFBOHVTUJBNVDIP&O
PDBTJPOFTNFFODFMPZTFFNQF©BFORVFZPCVTRVF
QBSFKBUBNCJ±O$VBOEPMFEJHPRVFNFHVTUBBMHVJFO
SFBDDJPOBEFEJGFSFOUFTNBOFSBTTJMFBHSBEBFMGVMBOP
NFEJDFRVFTFTU¸HVBQPZNFTJHVFFMKVFHPTJOPMF
HVTUBFTJOEJGFSFOUF1FSPDPOMBTNVKFSFTTFQPOFNVZ
DFMPTB4FHVSBNFOUFU¡OPFOUJFOEFTFTUPBWFDFTZP
UBNQPDP
)BDFQPDPBOEVWFDPOVOUJQP$BQJU¸O
QJMPUPBWJB
EPSDJWJM"MQSJODJQJPOPTMMFW¸CBNPTCJFO
QFSPFTNVZ
Nélida 73
{$POPDFTFMMJCSP*$IJOH $VBOEPUFOFNPTDPOGMJDUPT
GVFSUFT/FMJZZPTPMFNPTDPOTVMUBSMP&OSFMBDJ§ODPO
NJ QSPDFTP EF USBOTFYVBMJEBE MF QSFHVOUBNPT D§NP
IBDFSMFQBSBDPNVOJD¸STFMPBMBHFOUFBOVFTUSPBMSFEFEPS
"HSBOEFTSBTHPTFM*$IJOHOPTEJKPi%FCFOJOGPSNBS
MPQSJNFSPBMBTQFSTPOBTDPOMBTRVFN¸TDPOGJBO[B
UJFOFOw "DPOTFKBCB IBDFS USFT MJTUBT RVJFO MP QVFEF
FOUFOEFS
RVJFOMPQPES¸FOUFOEFSFOVOGVUVSPZRVJFO
KBN¸TMPWBBFOUFOEFS&MBCPSBNPTMBTMJTUBTZFOMBTUSFT
OPTFRVJWPDBNPTQPSDPNQMFUP$SFPRVFDPOMB¡OJDB
QFSTPOBRVFOPNFGBMM§GVFDPOUJHPUFQVTFFOMBDP
MVNOBEFOVODBKBN¸T
/PPCTUBOUF
NJTBNJHPT
MPTRVFTFRVFEBCBOBEPSNJS
FOMBDBTB
DPOMPTRVFJCBBMDJOF
BRVJFOFTQMBUJDBCBNJT
QSPCMFNBT
MPTRVFNFDPOUBCBOTVTCSPODBTBNJHPTEF
76 Carta a mi padre
NOJNPB©PT
TFEJFSPOMBWVFMUBZTFGVFSPO6OPT
IPOFTUBNFOUF EJKFSPO i/P QPEFNPT
OP TBCFNPT
D§NPUSBUBSUF
UFOBNPTVOBNJHP
DPOUJHPOPWBNPTB
QPEFSQMBUJDBSDPNPDPO±Mw
{:RV±IBZEFUPEPMPRVFNFQMBUJDBSPOZDPOP[DP
1BSBMBNJTNBHFOUFFOBMHVOBTDJSDVOTUBODJBTTPZMB
NJTNBQFSTPOB
QFSPFOPUSBTOP&TDPNPWJWJSVOB
QTJDPTJTTPDJBMNVZDPNQMFKB{"QBSUJSEFDV¸OEPEFK±
EFTFSBRV±MPBRV±MMB
IBTUBE§OEFGVJTVBNJHPPTPZ
TVBNJHB -BSFTQVFTUBFTDPNQMJDBEB{)BTUBE§OEFMB
BNJTUBETFSJHFQPSVOH±OFSPZOPQPSVOBGFDUP 4F
GVFSPO%FQBSUFEFFMMPTTTFOUEJTDSJNJOBDJ§O
JOUFO
TB*ODMVTPVOEBNFJOWJUBSPOBVOBTVQVFTUBGJFTUBZ
MP¡OJDPRVFIJDJFSPOGVFSFVOJSBTVTBNJTUBEFTZGB
NJMJBSFTQBSBFWJEFODJBSNFi&TUPRVFWFOBIPSBOPFT
OVFTUSPBNJHP
FTFTUBDPTBw{5FJNBHJOBTD§NPNF
IVNJMM§FTP
0USPT QJEJFSPO UJFNQP i5FOFNPT RVF BDPTUVN
CSBSOPTw,ZUBNQPDPSFHSFTBSPO"MHVOPTN¸TEJKFSPO
T
OPIBZCSPODB
QFSPTFGVFSPO$POVOBNBOPQVFEP
DPOUBSBMPTBNJHPTRVFTFRVFEBSPO&TPTRVFDVBO
EPMFTIBCMP
BIFTU¸O4VDPNQPSUBNJFOUPFTBGFDUJ
WP
DBSJ©PTP
TPMJEBSJP
DPNQSFOTJWP
EFSFTQFUP1BSB
FMMPTTPZ*SJOB
BTNFUSBUBO
5FOHPVOBNJHPRVFTFMMBNB-VJTDPO±MGVFSBSP
FMDBNCJP5FWPZBDPOUBSQPSRV±ÎMFTVODIBWPDPO
VOBGPSNBDJ§OUSBEJDJPOBMFOOVFTUSPQBT6OBGBNJMJB
OVDMFBSRVFFOMBTBMBUJFOFMBGPUPEFMBCPEBEFMPT
QBQ¸T
FOFMDPNFEPSFTU¸VOBSFQSPEVDDJ§OEFMB¡MUJ
NBDFOBy&OSFTVNFO
NVZDPN¡O-BTUFOEFODJBT
¿Amigos? ¡Para qué los quiero! 77
QPMUJDBT EF -VJT IBDJB MB J[RVJFSEB Z TV BNPS QPS MB
3FWPMVDJ§O$VCBOBIBOTJEPBEPQUBEBTEFGPSNBJOEJ
WJEVBMMBTBQSFOEJ§ZTFDPNQSPNFUJ§QPSTNJTNP
1PSFTPMPBENJSP$VBOEPMFDPNFOU±MPEFMQSPDFTP
EF USBOTFYVBMJEBE
-VJT NF EJKP i7B B FTUBS DBCS§O
QFSPEBNFUJFNQP
EFKBRVFNFWBZBEFTQJEJFOEPEF
NJBNJHPZDPOPDJFOEPBNJBNJHBw
$PNPOPTGSFDVFOU¸CBNPTBNFOVEPQPSMB1SP
NPUPSBEF4PMJEBSJEBEDPO$VCB
±MTFGVFBDPTUVN
CSBOEPBNJUSBOTGPSNBDJ§OQBVMBUJOB%FSFQFOUFFO
VOBGJFTUBEF7BQPS$VCBZPFTUBCBTFOUBEBDPOBNJ
HBT
-VJTMMFH§ZBMTBMVEBSNFNFEJPNJCFTP`"Z
RV±
DIJEP:UPEPTMPTEFN¸TTFBTPNCSBSPO)B[EFDVFOUB
RVF±MBCSJ§VOBQVFSUB*SJOBOPFTDPOUBHJPTB"QBSUJS
EFBI
UPEPNVOEPNFFNQF[§BTBMVEBSEFCFTP
'VFEJGDJMBMQSJODJQJPMBSFMBDJ§ODPOMBTQFSTPOBT
RVFNFDPOPDJFSPOBOUFTEFTFS*SJOB)BCBVOBTRVF
MMFHBCBOZNFEFDBO
− {2V±QBT§DPNQBESF
D§NPFTU¸T
− `$§NPDPNQBESF
HFZ{2V±OPFTU¸TWJFOEP
5JFOFOFTRVFNBUJ[BEBVOBJNBHFO
EFUBMNBOFSB
RVFBVORVFFTBQFSTPOBDBNCJF
EFWP[ZEFBTQFDUP
TJHVFO WJTVBMJ[BOEP FM QBTBEP &TPT BDUPT
BVORVF B
WFDFT TPO JOWPMVOUBSJPT
MPT DPOTJEFSP EJTDSJNJOBUP
SJPT
ZTFTJFOUFOGFP
{4BCFT -BHFOUFRVFZBNFDPOPDJ§DPNP*SJOBOP
TFJNBHJOBRVFBOUFTGVJPUSBQFSTPOB$VBOEPMFTIF
UFOJEPRVFEFDJS
QPSRVFBWFDFTNFNFUPFOVODPO
GMJDUP±UJDP
TVQSJNFSBSFBDDJ§OFTBCSJSMBCPDBi{2V±
{D§NPDSFFT .FFTU¸TDPUPSSFBOEP0TFB
{RV±FTTFS
78 Carta a mi padre
DBTJUPEBTMBTFYQFSJFODJBTTJNJMBSFTRVFDPOP[DPRVJF
OFTIBOQBTBEPQPSVOQSPDFTPEFUSBOTFYVBMJEBETFIBO
EJTUBODJBEPEFMBGBNJMJBTFWBO
OPQVFEFOTPQPSUBSMP
"MHVOPTJOUFOUBOSFHSFTBS
QFSPTJFNQSFIBZGSBDUVSBT
"IPSB RVF TPZ VOB NVKFS DPNQMFUB IF TFOUJEP MB
EJTDSJNJOBDJ§OQPSNJH±OFSP
QPSTFSNVKFSFTUFSSJ
CMF1PSFKFNQMP
MBGPSNBDPNPMPTIPNCSFTUSBUBOEF
MJHBSUFFTNVZQJODIF&SFTNVKFS
FSFTDPHJCMF
QVOUP
1PSVOMBEP
NFTJFOUPDPNQMFUBNFOUFTBUJTGFDIBEF
TFSZPNJTNB
QFSPMBTPDJFEBEOPEFKBEFTFSNBDIJT
UB4JOPFTU¸TBDPNQB©BEBEFVOIPNCSFFMUSBUPFT
EJTUJOUP
FTDPNPTJBMFTUBSKVOUPBVOWBS§OMBTPDJF
EBEOPTEJFSBFMEFSFDIPEFTFS
4JOFNCBSHP
WBMFMBQFOBTFSNVKFS
MVDIBSQPSTFS
RVJ±OTPZZFYJTUJS
1SFGJFSPFTUBSWJWB
:BBOUFTEFMQSPDFTPEFUSBOTFYVBMJEBEIBCBWJWJEPMB
EJTDSJNJOBDJ§OQPSEPTDBVTBTMBQSJNFSB
QPSMBEJTDB
QBDJEBE RVF NF QSPEVKP MB FOGFSNFEBE MB TFHVOEB
QPSTFSIJKBUVZB
VOMVDIBEPSTPDJBM
ZIBDFSNBEFT
QV±TVOBQPTUVSBQPMUJDBDPOUSBSJBBMTJTUFNB{$V¸MFT
QFPS
1VFTWFS¸T-BEJTDSJNJOBDJ§OBQFSTPOBTDPOEJTDB
QBDJEBETFWFSFGMFKBEBN¸TRVFOBEBFOMBJOWJTJCJMJEBE
OP FYJTUJNPT
OP OPT UPNBO FO DVFOUB OJ WPMUFBO B
WFSOPT
ZTJMPIBDFOFTQBSBDSJUJDBSi{:BWJTUFTVTCSB
[PT Z TVT QJFSOBT w iIB EF TFS NPOHPMJUPw iBZ
{QPS
RV±UJFOFMBDBSBBT wiFTDVDIBD§NPIBCMBw4FUSBUB
EFVOBTJUVBDJ§OEFSJWBEBEFMEFTDPOPDJNJFOUPZEFM
UFNPS-BTQFSTPOBTUJFOFON¸TNJFEPRVFJOUFS±TFO
TBCFSRV±OPTFTU¸QBTBOEP
84 Carta a mi padre
-BFYDMVTJ§OFOFTUFTFOUJEPUBNCJ±OTFEBBUSBW±TEF
CBSSFSBTNPOVNFOUBMFT
QVFTTFDPOTJEFSBN¸TJNQPS
UBOUFMBFTU±UJDBBSRVJUFDU§OJDBRVFMBGVODJPOBMJEBEZMBT
OFDFTJEBEFT EF MB HFOUF $BNCJBS FM BNCJFOUF QPS VO
FOUPSOPBDDFTJCMFBOPTPUSPTIBSFQSFTFOUBEPVOBMVDIB
NVZMBSHB1PSMPNFOPTZBFYJTUFOMFZFTPSJFOUBEBTB
NFKPSBSMBTJUVBDJ§O2VFTFDVNQMBOFTPUSBDPTB
1PSPUSPMBEP
MBQBSUJDJQBDJ§OQPMUJDBFODPOUSBEFM
TJTUFNB
EFMHPCJFSOP
QPOBFOSJFTHPMBWJEBFOBRVF
MMPTB©PTFORVFZPGVJOJ©BZBEPMFTDFOUF`5¡MPTBCFT
&WJEFOUFNFOUFTFWJWBVOBEJTDSJNJOBDJ§OTFWFSBOPT
FUJRVFUBCBO
±SBNPT IJKPT EF MPT DPNVOJTUBT
QBMBCSB
DBTJQSPIJCJEBi&TRVFMPTDPNVOJTUBTTFDPNFOBMPT
OJ©PTwiTJUPNBOFMQPEFSUFWBOBRVJUBSUVDPDIFZUV
DBTBw1PSUBMFTQSFKVJDJPTTFDSF§VOBNCJFOUFFOFMRVF
MBHFOUFFWJUBCBIBCMBSOPT
OPTSFMFHBSPOEFMBTPDJF
EBEF
JODMVTP
IBCBRVJFOQFOTBCBRVFFSBMFHUJNP
NBUBSOPT
QPSRVFOPTDPOTJEFSBCBOQFMJHSPTPT-BTP
DJFEBEFTUBCBGBDVMUBEBQBSBDBMJGJDBSOPT
EJTDSJNJOBS
OPT
IPTUJHBSOPTZDBTUJHBSOPT
5PEPFMUJFNQPRVFFTUVWJTUFFOMBD¸SDFM
ZBVONV
DIPTB©PTEFTQV±T
MBGBNJMJBWJWJ§DPONJFEP{3FDVFSEBT
MBJNQPUFODJBZFMUFSSPSDVBOEPBTFTJOBSPOB)JMBSJP
.PSFOP
MVDIBEPSTPDJBMQPCMBOPZNJMJUBOUFEFM1BSUJ
EP &T T§MP VO FKFNQMP $VBMRVJFS QPMJDB
DVBMRVJFS
DPDIFTPTQFDIPTPFSBNPUJWPQBSBUFOFSDVJEBEPi/P
EJHBTDPTBTRVFUFQVFEBODPNQSPNFUFSGSFOUFBOB
EJFw
iOPUFBQSFOEBTO¡NFSPTUFMFG§OJDPTwFTUBTFSBO
OPSNBTFOMBDBTB1BSFDFRVFBNNFEJKFSPOMPDPO
USBSJPi.FNPSJ[BUPEPTMPTO¡NFSPTUFMFG§OJDPTRVF
Prefiero estar viva 85
FTDVDIFTw`-PTSFDPSEBCBUPEPT`&SBIPSSJCMF5PEPT
4JBMH¡OEBNFIVCJFSBOBHBSSBEPDPOHBOBTEFTBDBSNF
JOGPSNBDJ§O
ZPMFTIVCJFSBEBEPMPTUFM±GPOPTEFUPEP
FM$PNJU±$FOUSBM&OGJO
WJWBNPTDPOFTFNJFEP
DPO
FTFFTUJHNB
{$V¸MEFMPTEPTUJQPTEFEJTDSJNJOBDJ§OFTN¸TOP
DJWP `8PX:PQSFGJFSPFTUBSWJWB
TFSRVJFOTPZZTF
HVJSMVDIBOEPQBSBRVFUPEPTUFOHBNPTMBQPTJCJMJEBE
EFEFTQMB[BSOPTMJCSFNFOUF
EJHOBNFOUFQBSBRVFTF
OPTE±MBPQPSUVOJEBEEFTFSRVJFOFTTPNPTZEFMV
DIBSDPOUSBFTBFYDMVTJ§ORVFBWFDFTMBHFOUFMMFWBB
DBCPTJOTBCFSRVFWJPMBMPTEFSFDIPTEFMPTEFN¸T
{4BCFT -PQFPSEFUPEPFTRVFMBEJTDSJNJOBDJ§O
BDBCBQPSDPOWFSUJSTFFOBMHPDPUJEJBOP
OPSNBM1BSB
RVJFOFT TPNPT WDUJNBT EF FTB TJUVBDJ§O KBN¸T TFS¸
OBUVSBM
QFSPMMFHBNPTBBDPTUVNCSBSOPT&TUFSSJCMF
1BSB MBT QFSTPOBT DPO EJTDBQBDJEBE BDDFEFS BM CB©P
QPSFKFNQMPFOMPT4BOCPSOT
FTJNQPTJCMF4PODPOUB
EPTMPTMVHBSFTRVFUJFOFOBEFDVBDJPOFT1PES¸OUFOFS
FMTNCPMPEFMBTQFSTPOBTDPOEJTDBQBDJEBE
QFSPFM
CB©POPFTU¸BEBQUBEP
MBTJMMBOPDBCF*NBHOBUFMB
FTDFOBNFNVFSPEFHBOBTEFIBDFSQJQ
FTUPZGSFOUF
BM8$TJOQPEFSBDDFEFSB±M.FEPZMBWVFMUBZNFWPZ
DPOJOGMBNBDJ§OEFWFKJHB
EPMPSBCEPNJOBM
DPSBKFZ
VOB HSBO GSVTUSBDJ§Oy {2V± IBDFS .F UFOHP RVF
BDPTUVNCSBSBJSBMVHBSFTTFMFDDJPOBEPTQSFWJBNFOUF
EPOEF T± RVF QVFEP FOUSBS TJO QSPCMFNBT BM CB©P
1FSPFOUPODFTOPQFSUFOF[DPBUPEPTMBEPT
IBZTJUJPT
FOMPTRVFOPTPZCJFOWFOJEB
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