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Atril Editorial

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6 Testimonios sobre discriminación

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Presentación 7

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8 Testimonios sobre discriminación

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10 Carta a mi padre

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Un kilo de zapatos 11

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QSFTJPOBOUFFOQJFSOBTZCSB[PTNJTNJFNCSPTQBSFD­BO
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MB DJVEBE EF .±YJDP RVF GVODJPO§ DPNP QFOJUFODJBS­B EF  B   GBNPTP
QPSRVFFOTVTDSVK­BTFSBOSFDMVJEPTBEFN¸TEFMPTQSFTPTDPNVOFT MPTEJTJEFOUFT
QPM­UJDPT&OMBBDUVBMJEBEFTMBTFEFEFM"SDIJWP(FOFSBMEFMB/BDJ§O
14 Carta a mi padre

BMHPRVFSFTVMUBOBUVSBMBMSFTUPEFMNVOEP.FBDPT
UVNCS±BFMMPT BVORVFOVODBMPTRVJTF MPTPEJFTJFN
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WJESJP RVF UBNCJ±O MMFHBCBO BSSJCB EF MB QBOUPSSJMMB 
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TFFOUFSBCBOMPTDPNQB©FSPTFOMBFTDVFMB PTVTQBESFT 
MBDPOTJHOBFSB`OPUFKVOUFTDPOFTBHFOUF&TU¸CBNPT
TFOUFODJBEBT DPNPBQFTUBEBT'VFVOBQSJNFSBJOGBODJB
NVZ DPNQMJDBEB 5SBU¸CBNPT EF FOUFOEFS QPS RV± MPT
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NJU­BOOVFTUSBBNJTUBEZ BMNJTNPUJFNQP BTJNJMBSRVF
FTUBCBTQSFTPQPSUVTJEFBTZOPQPSIBCFSDPNFUJEPVO
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El Palacio Negro 15

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1BTBSMBSFWJTJ§OFSBTVNBNFOUFIVNJMMBOUFNFPCMJ
HBCBO B RVJUBSNF NJT BQBSBUPT PSUPQ±EJDPT RVF UBOUP
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BMGJOBMEFDVFOUBTNFMPTQPO­BEFOVFWPQVFTEFMPUSPMBEP
EFMDPSSFEPSZMBTSFKBTFTUBCBTU¡ NJI±SPF ZUVTDPN
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QPM­UJDPTOPTEFKBSPOFTUBSN¸TUJFNQPEFMPOPSNBMQPS
16 Carta a mi padre

TFSFMGFTUFKPEFGJOEFB©P$VBOEPTBMJNPTFTUBCBPT
DVSP FSBEFOPDIF-BQVFSUBEFTBMJEBFTUBCBDFSSBEB 
BT­RVFMFEJNPTMBWVFMUBBMUPSSF§OQBSBTBMJSQPSPUSB
QVFSUB QFSPUBNCJ±OFTUBCBDFSSBEB"MHPBOEBCBNBM
/PTTJUJBSPOFOVOQBTJMMP%FQSPOUPTFFNQF[BSPOBWFS
TPNCSBTFOMBB[PUFBFSBOTPMEBEPTBSNBEPT-BSFBD
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N¸T OJ©PT BEFN¸T EF OPTPUSBT  QFSP JNBH­OBUF MP RVF
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El Palacio Negro 17

ZBUFIBC­BTMFWBOUBEP1FSPDPSS­BTBOHSF IBC­BHSJUPT
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QFTJOPUBNCJ±ONVZBMUPZDPSQVMFOUP±MEFUVWPMBSFKB
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HBEBOPTGVJNPTBMQFSJ§EJDP QFSPOPQVCMJDBSPOOBEB
%VSBOUFEPTTFNBOBTOPIVCPWJTJUBTFO-FDVNCFSSJ 
FTUVWJFSPOQSPIJCJEBT1FSPMPTNJTNPTDFMBEPSFTEFM
QFOBMFNQF[BSPOBBEPQUBSBDUJUVEFTEFSFTQFUPIBDJB
MPTQSFTPTQPM­UJDPTZTVTGBNJMJBSFT"USBW±TEFFMMPTOPT
FOUFS¸CBNPT EFM FTUBEP EF TBMVE EF VTUFEFT 5¡ T§MP
TVGSJTUFMBEFTDBMBCSBEBDPOFMCPUFMMB[PTJOFNCBSHP 
IVCPDPNQB©FSPTRVFSFTVMUBSPODPOIFSJEBTGVFSUFT
&OMBD¸SDFMFTUBCBUBNCJ±OVODPNQB©FSPHVBUF
NBMUFDPBMRVFMFEFD­BOFMQJSB©B OPTFQPSRV±{-P
SFDVFSEBT 4VGS­BEFDSJTJTFQJM±QUJDBTZU¡FSBTFM¡OJDP
RVFJEFOUJGJDBCBDV¸OEPTFMFJCBBQSFTFOUBSVOB)B
DJFOEPMPRVFGVFSB JODMVTPFTUBOEPDPONJNBN¸PDPO
OPTPUSBT JONFEJBUBNFOUFDPSS­BTBBCSB[BSMP MFNFU­BT
UVDBSUFSBFOMBCPDB MPUVNCBCBTBMTVFMPZMPBCSB[BCBT
18 Carta a mi padre

DPOVOBUFSOVSBy:PQFOTBCBi.JQBQ¸FTCJFOCVF
OBPOEB NJQBQ¸T­TBCFRVFSFSw
"VORVFZPFSBVOBOJ©B FTBFUBQBNFNBSD§QBSB
UPEBMBWJEB&NPDJPOBMNFOUF MPTB©PTN¸TOVUSJUJWPT 
N¸TBGFDUVPTPTZFOMPTRVFDPON¸THVTUPZPUVWF
VOBSFMBDJ§ODPOUJHPGVFFOMBD¸SDFM&SBTUBODBSJ©PTP
ZTPMJEBSJP.FFOTF©BTUFBKVHBSBKFESF[ZQ§RVFS NF
IBD­BTDPIFUFTDPODFSJMMPTZQBQFMEFDJHBSSPTy5¡T­
TBC­BTDPNPRVFSFSBMBHFOUF+BN¸TWPMW­BWFSFTBT
BDUJUVEFTFOUJEFTQV±TEFMBD¸SDFM
6OBGBNJMJBOPSNBM

-BSFMBDJ§ODPONJTIFSNBOBT:PMBOEB /BZBUZ:BOJSB
−MBTEPT¡MUJNBTOBDJEBTEVSBOUFUVFTUBODJBFO-FDVN
CFSSJ− FSB GSBODBNFOUF TVSSFBMJTUB :P QBTBCB QPS VO
QSPDFTPNVZEJG­DJMEFMBFOGFSNFEBEZFOMBDBTBFTUB
CB QSPIJCJEP IBCMBS EF FTP .JT IFSNBOBT TF EBCBO
DVFOUBEFRVFFMQBEFDJNJFOUPZBOPT§MPNFBGFDUBCB
MBTQJFSOBT TJOPRVFDPNFO[BCBBBUBDBSMBTNBOPTTJO
FNCBSHP NJNBN¸OPNFQFSNJU­BEFDJSMFTRV±QFO
TBCBPRV±TFOU­BBMSFTQFDUP ZFMMBTUBNQPDPQPE­BO
QSFHVOUBS .J NBN¸ EFD­B i/P QBTB OBEB  UPEP FT
OPSNBM TPNPTVOBGBNJMJBOPSNBM-BFOGFSNFEBEFTVO
BDDJEFOUFZVOBFOTF©BO[Bw-PNJTNPQFOTBCBBDFSDB
EFRVFU¡FTUVWJFSBTQSFTP
{5FBDVFSEBTEFME­BRVFMMFHBNPTBMBDSVK­BBWJTJUBS
UFZOPTBMJTUFBSFDJCJSOPT -PTDPNQB©FSPTOPTEJKF
20 Carta a mi padre

SPORVFUFO­BTDBSDFMB[PZOPRVFS­BTWFSBOBEJF&MDBS
DFMB[P FSB VO T­OESPNF EF EFQSFTJ§O RVF MFT EBCB B
UPEPTMPTQSFTPT.JNBN¸UPD§MBQVFSUBEFMBDFMEBZ
NVZFOPKBEBUFHSJU§i`ÕCSFNFMBQVFSUB{$§NPRVF
EFQSJNJEP 4JU¡BRV­UJFOFTUPEP4­ FTU¸TFODFSSBEP 
QFSPUJFOFTEPOEFEPSNJSZHBSBOUJ[BEBTUSFTDPNJEBTBM
E­B5VTIJKPTOPDPNFOZZPOPUFOHPUSBCBKP4JFTU¸T
QSFTPGVFVOBDDJEFOUFEFUSBCBKP ZBT¡NFMPBT­w&TUBCB
GVSJPTB
{4BCFTRV±QFOT± RVFFSBNVZEVSBDPOUJHPZDPO
UPEPT&OFTFNPNFOUPNFTFOU­NVZJEFOUJGJDBEB QPS
RVFZPOVODBUVWFQFSNJTPQBSBFTUBSUSJTUF EFQSJNJEB
PEFFOPKBSNFDPOMPTBQBSBUPTNVDIPNFOPTQBSBMMP
SBS `OVODB"MQSJODJQJPMPIBD­BBFTDPOEJEBT QFSPNF
FODBCSPOBCB NVDIP IBDFSMP BT­ BEFN¸T  WJW­BNPT FO
DBTBEFNJBCVFMBZOPIBC­BQSJWBDJEBE
-BSFMBDJ§ODPONJNBESFFSBNVZDPNQMFKB:PMB
BEPSBCB MBBENJSBCBZMFUFO­BVOSFTQFUPUPUBMQSPDV
SBCBDVJEBSMBNVDIP&MMBFSBQBSUFEFNJDPUJEJBOJEBE
FOUSFTFNBOBSFIBCJMJUBDJ§O IPTQJUBMFT DPOTVMUBT N±
EJDPTMPTT¸CBEPTZEPNJOHPTMBD¸SDFM
"VORVFJCBBMBFTDVFMB OPFSBVOBQSJPSJEBE$VBO
EPDVST¸CBNPTMBQSJNBSJB :PMBOEBBTJTU­BBVOBFTDVFMB
PGJDJBMZBN­NFJOTDSJCJFSPOFOVOBQBSUJDVMBS EFMBT
MMBNBEBT BDUJWBT  RVF FSBO DPMFHJPT DPO BMHVOB GPSNB
DJ§O EJE¸DUJDB EPOEF TF QSBDUJDBCBO MBT UFPS­BT EF MPT
NPEFSOPT QFEBHPHPT DPNP .BLBSFOLP P FM QSPGFTPS
&SNJMP"CSFV(§NF["I­TFJOUFOUBCBRVFMBSFMBDJ§O
BMVNOPNBFTUSPGVFSBN¸TIVNBOBRVFBDBE±NJDB TF
USBUBCB RVF FM FTUVEJBOUF GVFSB BVUPEJEBDUB %JTUBCB
Una familia normal 21

NVDIPEFMBTFTDVFMBTPGJDJBMFT FNQF[BOEPQPSFMO¡
NFSPEFOJ©PTFONJTBM§O±SBNPTT§MP
1SJNFSBEJTDSJNJOBDJ§OVTUFEFTTBC­BORVFNJFO
GFSNFEBEFSBG­TJDB OPJOUFMFDUVBMQPSMPUBOUP OPNF
QBSFD­BW¸MJEPFTFBSHVNFOUPQBSBRVFFTUVWJFSBFOVO
DPMFHJPEFFEVDBDJ§OFTQFDJBM/VODBNFBEBQU±BFTF
TJTUFNB GVJVOBQFSTPOBNVZDPOGMJDUJWBFOMBWJEBGVFSB
EFMBDBTB NFDPSSJFSPOEFNVDIBTFTDVFMBT
"OUFUBMTJUVBDJ§O DVBOEPJCBBDVSTBSFMRVJOUPB©P
EFQSJNBSJBNFDBNCJBSPOBMBJOTUJUVDJ§OEPOEF:P
MBOEBFTUVEJBCB"I­NFBQPEBCBO6SDP IBDJFOEPSFGF
SFODJBBVOPEFMPTHPSJMBTRVFBQBSFD­BFOMBQFM­DVMB&M
QMBOFUBEFMPTTJNJPT QPSRVFDPNPMPTBQBSBUPTQFTB
CBONVDIPZPUFO­BRVFFODPSWBSNFVOQPDPQBSBDB
NJOBS ZFGFDUJWBNFOUFMPIBD­BDPNPVOQSJNBUF-PT
OJ©PTTPONVZDSVFMFTZCVTDBOFMQVOUPE§OEFQFHBS
.FNPMFTUBCBNVDIPFMTPCSFOPNCSFRVFNFQVTJF
SPOZMBGPSNBFOMBRVFTFCVSMBCBOEFN­"EFN¸T 
NFTFOU­BTVNBNFOUFJNQPUFOUFQPSRVFNJNBESFZB
NFIBC­BTFOUFODJBEPTJNFWPMW­BOBDPSSFSEFMBFT
DVFMB SB[§OQPSMBDVBMZPCVTDBCBOPEBSQSPCMFNBTZ
USBHBSNFNJDPSBKF
.JTBM§OFTUBCBVCJDBEPFOFMUFSDFSQJTPEFMFEJGJ
DJP6OE­BTBMJFOEPEFDMBTFT NJFOUSBTCBKBCB VOOJ©P
NFFNQVK§EFUBMNBOFSBRVFSPE±QPSMBTFTDBMFSBT
$B­FOFMEFTDBOTPTJOUJFOEPNJCSB[PJ[RVJFSEPNPKBEP 
DBMJFOUFZBEPSNFDJEP7PMW­MBDBSBZBMEBSNFDVFOUB
RVF UFO­B VOB GSBDUVSB FYQVFTUB OP TFOU­ UBOUP EPMPS
D§NPD§MFSB7JCBKBSBMDVMQBCMFDPSSJFOEPQBSBUSBUBS
EFCSJODBSNFZFTDBQBS QFSPMPQFTRV±FOFMBJSF MFKBM±
22 Carta a mi padre

FMQJFZDBZ§IBTUBFMQJTPTJHVJFOUF$POFMCSB[PSPUP
NFMFWBOU± CBK±MBTFTDBMFSBT NFNPOU±FO±MZDP
NFOD±BHPMQFBSMP%FQSPOUPBMHVJFONFKBM§QPSEF
US¸TZBMTFOUJSMPBWFOU±VOBQBUBEBUBOGVFSUFRVF BZV
EBEBQPSFMGJFSSPEFMPTBQBSBUPT MFIJDFVOCPRVFUFB
MBQBSFEEFUBCJD§OIVFDPRVFUFO­BFOGSFOUF3FDVFS
EPQFSGFDUBNFOUFMBFYQSFTJ§OEFMPTOJ©PTi`0IIIw
"QBSUJSEFFTFTVDFTPQBTFEFTFS6SDPBMIPNCSFCJ§OJDP
.F FYQVMTBSPO T§MP EPT TFNBOBT EF MB FTDVFMB  B
QFTBSEFRVFFONJGVSJBMFUJS±WBSJPTEJFOUFTZMFSPNQ­
MBOBSJ[BMDIBNBDPBHSFTPS$VBOEPSFHSFT±BMBFTDVFMB
U¡NFBDPNQB©BTUF"MFOUSBSWJBVOOJ©PDPOMBDBSB
QBSDIBEB RVF NF BDVTBCB DPO TV QBESF &O FTF NP
NFOUPFMFTU§NBHPTFNFWPMUF§BMSFW±T&MUJQP NV
DIPN¸TBMUPRVFZP NFUPN§EFMCSB[PZNFSFDMBN§
MPRVFMFIBC­BIFDIPBTVIJKPEFUS¸TEF±MBQBSFDJTUF
U¡ZMFEJKJTUFi"T­RVFMFQFHBTBMPTOJ©PT DBCS§Ow MP
FOGSFOUBTUF Z MP HPMQFBTUF 5F DVFOUP FTUP QPSRVF B
QBSUJSEFFOUPODFTNFDPOWFSU­FOMBQSPUFDUPSBEFMBT
DBVTBTQFSEJEBTUPEPTMPTOJ©PTEFMPTHSBEPTJOGFSJP
SFTNFCVTDBCBODVBOEPMPTHSBOEFTMFTRVJUBCBOTVT
¡UJMFT P TV UPSUB ZP JOUFSDFE­B QPS FMMPT QBSB RVF MFT
EFWPMWJFSBOTVTDPTBT$POUPEPFTUPDPOTFHV­BDFQUB
DJ§O"HSFTJPOFTOVODBEFKBSPOEFIBCFS TPCSFUPEP
EFMPTOJ©PTNBZPSFT QFSPZPZBOPNFTFOU­BTPMB ZB
OPNFTFOU­BCVSMBEB.JBVUPFTUJNBNFKPS§NVDIP
QPSRVFTFOU­BRVFNFQPE­BEFGFOEFSBN­NJTNBZB
MPTEFN¸T&MRVFOPNFIBZBOFYQVMTBEPEFGJOJUJWB
NFOUFEFMBFTDVFMBNFUSBORVJMJ[§QPSRVFDPNQSFOE­
RVFFMDPOGMJDUPOPOBEBN¸TFSBN­P TJOPRVFIBC­B
Una familia normal 23

UBNCJ±OVOQSPCMFNBEFBDFQUBDJ§OEFMBTPUSBTQBSUFT
RVFJOUFSBDUVBCBOFOFMBNCJFOUFFTDPMBS
$PNPUFEBS¸TDVFOUB NVDIBTDPTBTIBOTVDFEJEP
BMPMBSHPEFNJWJEBRVFOPQVEFDPNQBSUJSDPOUJHPFO
FTQFDJBM SFDVFSEPVOFQJTPEJPUBOEPMPSPTPRVFOPUVWF
MBDPOGJBO[BEFDPOUBSMFBOBEJFFOTVNPNFOUP
5FO­BB©PTZQBT¸CBNPTMPTEPNJOHPTFODBTBEF
NJBCVFMBNBUFSOB−.BN¸&MFOJUB MFEFD­BNPT−DPO
U­PT U­BT QSJNPTZQSJNBT&OVOBEFFTBTPDBTJPOFT
"SUVSP FMIFSNBOPNFOPSEFNJNBN¸ NFMMFW§BTV
DVBSUP NJFOUSBT MPT EFN¸T KVHBCBO FM SFHMBNFOUBSJP
UPDIJUP DPOFMQSFUFYUPEFSFHBMBSNFVO¸MCVNEFFT
UBNQBTEF8BMU%JTOFZ:PFTUBCBTFOUBEBFOMBDBNB
EFBCBKP−FSBVOBMJUFSB−Z±MFTUBCBEFQJFGSFOUFBN­
.JFOUSBTIPKFBCBTVPCTFRVJP DPNFO[§BBDBSJDJBSNF
FM DBCFMMP DVBOEP NF EJ DVFOUB FTUBCB GSPUBOEP NJ
DBSBDPOUSBTVTHFOJUBMFT PDVMUPTCBKPFMQBOUBM§O5SBU±
EFTFQBSBSNF QFSPNFTVKFU§DPOGVFS[BZNFEJKPi/P
HSJUFTOJIBHBTOBEB ZPUFOHPBNJHPTQPMJD­BTRVFQVFEFO
NFUFSBUVQBQ¸BMBD¸SDFMPUSBWF[w.FBTVTU±NVDIP
ZQFOT±FONJNBN¸FMNJFEPNFQBSBMJ[§%FNBOFSB
JOFTQFSBEBTFOU­TVWJFOUSFQFMVEPFONJSPTUSPNFUJ§TV
QFOFFONJCPDB4¡CJUBNFOUFNFTPMU§ZSFQJUJ§TVBNF
OB[Bi"DV±SEBUFRVFZPQVFEPNFUFSQSFTPBU¡QBQ¸w
$PSS­BMCB©PZ DPOFMDFQJMMPEFEJFOUFTRVFVTBCBONJT
U­PT QBSB BTFBSTF MBT V©BT  NF MBW± MB CPDB Z MB MFOHVB 
RVFSJFOEPEFTIBDFSNFEFFTFTBCPSGVFJO¡UJM
&T DPNQMJDBEP FYQMJDBS QPS RV± NF TFOU­ UPEB MB
WJEB DVMQBCMF EF FTF JODJEFOUF  DVBOEP ZP DSF­B RVF
DPONJTJMFODJPMPTFTUBCBQSPUFHJFOEPBUJZBNBN¸
24 Carta a mi padre

-PTTJHVJFOUFTGJOFTEFTFNBOBGVFSPOJHVBMFT:POP
RVFS­BJSBDBTBEFNJBCVFMB QFSPNJNBN¸OPTPCMJHB
CBQBSBBGJSNBSTVGBOUBT­BEFMBHSBOVOJEBEGBNJMJBS
6OPEFFTPTEPNJOHPT"SUVSPNFBSSPK§BMBDBNBZ 
USBTSFJUFSBSMBBEWFSUFODJBEFTJFNQSF NFTPNFUJ§NF
QVTPEFCSVDFT CBK§NJTQBOUBMPOFTFMQFTPEFTVDVFS
QPNFTPGPDBCB4FOU­VOEPMPSUFSSJCMFZNVDIBTHBOBT
EFJSBMCB©P+BN¸TPMWJEBS±FTFPMPSBTFNFOZFYDSF
NFOUPNF[DMBEPT FMWBIPEFTVKBEFPFONJDBSB
.JNBN¸NFSFHB©BCBDPOTUBOUFNFOUFQPSRVFUP
EPTMPTE­BTUFO­BTVDJPTMPTDBM[POFT.FQPO­BDPNP
FKFNQMPBMU­P3JOD§O RVJFOBQFTBSEFTVTEJGJDVMUBEFT
G­TJDBTFSBVOIPNCSFMJNQJP/VODBQFOT§RVFTVIJKB
UVWJFSBFMFTG­OUFSMFTJPOBEPQPSMBCFTUJBEFTVIFSNBOP
/PT±DV¸OEPUFSNJO§FTP$SFPRVFGVFBQBSUJSEF
RVFMFDPOTFHVJTUFBRVFMMBCFDBQBSBFTUVEJBSNFEJDJOB
FO.PTD¡%FDVBMRVJFSNPEP ZPBEWFSU­BRVF"SUVSP
UPDBCBBNJTQSJNBTZBNJTQSJNPTJHVBMRVFBN­ Z
OBEJFIBD­BOBEB"MDSFDFS UPEPNVOEPTFQSFHVOUB
CBQPSRV±PEJBCBBFTFUJQP&OWBSJBTPDBTJPOFTOPT
BHBSSBNPTBUSBODB[PTJODMVTPZBFTUBOEPZPFOMBTJMMB
EFSVFEBTVOE­BOPTFODPOUSBNPTFODBTBEFNBN¸
&MFOJUBZBMWFSMPTFOUBEPBMBNFTB DPOTVNJSBEBCVS
MPOBZBMUBOFSB  OP QVEF SFTJTUJS NF MF GVJ FODJNB B
HPMQFT  MP NPSE­ IBTUB RVF NF DBOT± ±M UBNCJ±O MP
IJ[P/PTTFQBS§FMCBTU§OEFNJBCVFMBZTVTFOUFODJB
i&TUVU­P UJFOFTRVFSFTQFUBSMPw"MFNJQSJNP RVF
QSFTFODJ§MBHPMQJ[B OPFOUFOEJ§TJOPIBTUBBIPSBFM
QPSRV±EFUBOUPPEJP RVFIPZDPNQBSUFDPONJHP
Una familia normal 25

2VJ[¸T FO FTUF QVOUP UF QSFHVOUBS¸T QPS RV± NF


SFGJFSPBN­FOGFNFOJOPZOPFONBTDVMJOP#VFOP 
FOSFBMJEBENJTFOUJSZNJGPSNBEFWFSMBTDPTBTTJFN
QSFGVFSPOGFNFOJOBT&OUPODFTOPMPUFO­BNVZDMBSP 
BIPSBT­
3VNBO­B

"MPTTJFUFB©PTEFFEBENFFOWJBSPOB3VNBO­BQBSB
PQFSBSNFEFVOBNBMGPSNBDJ§OFOMBQJFSOBJ[RVJFSEB
FMIVFTPTFIBC­BEFGPSNBEPZTFUPSD­BIBDJBBGVFSB
QSPWPDBOEP RVF BM DBNJOBS DBEB QBTP EJCVKBSB VO
D­SDVMPZNFDBZFSBDPONVDIBGSFDVFODJBBMOPDPO
USPMBSNJEFBNCVMBS
'VFFOKVMJPEFDVBOEPNJNBESFEFDJEJ§RVF
NFBDPNQB©BTFTU¡ZOPFMMBTFH¡OEJKPQBSBRVFBM
DPOWJWJSOPTQVEJ±SBNPTDPOPDFSZBDFSDBSOPTFNP
DJPOBMNFOUF ZBRVFDPOUPEBTUVTBVTFODJBTOPUFO­BT
JEFBEFMQSPDFTPEFNJFOGFSNFEBEZZPUFUFO­BQ¸OJ
DPQPSUVTBSSBORVFTEFSBCJBIBDJBN­
"T­QVFT BCPSEBNPTFMBWJ§OEF-VGUIBOTBRVFOPT
MMFWBS­BBMFODVFOUSPEFOVFTUSPDPOPDJNJFOUPNVUVP
7JBKBCBDPOOPTPUSPTVODPNQB©FSPEFM1BSUJEP$PNV
28 Carta a mi padre

OJTUB.FYJDBOP 1$.
RVFJS­BDPOUJHPBVODPOHSFTPFO
MB IPZ EFTBQBSFDJEB 3FQ¡CMJDB %FNPDS¸UJDB "MFNBOB
3%"
TVOPNCSFFSB"OUPOJP$BSBN&MWVFMPGVFCBT
UBOUFBCVSSJEP DPOMPTEPTDBNBSBEBTIBCMBOEPEFQP
M­UJDB BMHPRVFZP BNJTTJFUFB©PT OPFOUFOE­B BT­RVF
NFPDVQBCBFOMFFSPQMBUJDBSDPOMBTTPCSFDBSHPTZDPOP
DFSMBDBCJOBEFMBWJ§O
$VBOEPUFEPSNJTUFOPNFBUSFW­BEFTQFSUBSUFUF
QPO­BTDPNPPHSPTJJOUFSSVNQ­BOUVTVF©P"T­MBTDP
TBT OPNFRVFE§N¸TSFNFEJPRVFBCVSSJSNFEVSBOUF
MBTIPSBTEFWJBKFIBTUBMMFHBSB'SBODGPSU EPOEFUSBOT
CPSEBS­BNPTEPTIPSBTN¸TUBSEFQBSBMMFHBSB#VDBSFTU
&M BFSPQVFSUP FSB FOPSNF Z FTUBCB MMFOP EF HFOUF
&OUSBSBMU¡OFMUSBOTQPSUBEPSRVFOPTMMFWBCBEFMBWJ§O
BMBTBMBEFFTQFSBFSBDPNPFTUBSFOFMSPEBKFEFVOB
QFM­DVMB EF DJFODJB GJDDJ§O &O MBT UJFOEBT WFOE­BO EF
UPEPZQBSBVOBOJ©BEFNJFEBEBRVFMMPSFTVMUBCBNB
SBWJMMPTP&MWVFMPB#VDBSFTUGVFOPWFEPTP QVFTMBTI±
MJDFTEFMBWJ§OTPWJ±UJDPIBD­BONVDIPSVJEPZMBTUVSCV
MFODJBTTFEFKBCBOTFOUJSDPONVDIPN¸TGVFS[BRVFFO
FMBWJ§OBMFN¸O6OBTDJODPIPSBTN¸TUBSEFMMFHBNPT
B3VNBO­B"MQJFEFMBTFTDBMJOBUBTEFMBWJ§OOPTFTQF
SBCBVOBDPNJUJWBEFMHPCJFSOPSVNBOP EFMBDVBMGPS
NBCB QBSUF VOB KPWFO IFSNPTB DPO NJOJGBMEB  RVJFO
TFS­BOVFTUSBUSBEVDUPSBEVSBOUFMBFTUBODJBFOFTFQB­T
4VOPNCSFFSB+PBOB{-BSFDVFSEBT
/PTIPTQFEBSPOFOFMIPUFMEFM$PNJU±$FOUSBM EPO
EF BMPKBCBO B TVT JOWJUBEPT FTQFDJBMFT &SB VO FEJGJDJP
NVZHSBOEFDPOVOKBSE­OFOPSNFRVFBMGSFOUFFTUBCB
MMFOPEFGMPSFT DPNPFOMBTDPOTUSVDDJPOFTEFMBSFBMF[B
Rumanía 29

FVSPQFB4FWF­BVOQPDPWJFKP QFSPNVZMVKPTP DPOGPS


NJEBCMFTDBOEFMBCSPTEFDSJTUBMRVFEBCBOVOCSJMMPNBKFT
UVPTPBMMVHBS&OBRVFMIPUFMFTUVWFVOBTFNBOB NJFOUSBT
NFIBD­BOMPTFY¸NFOFTN±EJDPTZNFBTJHOBCBOVOMVHBS
FOFMIPTQJUBM
$BTJOPUFWF­B T§MPFOFMDPNFEPSPQBSBEPSNJS"M
NJTNPUJFNQPRVFBN­NFTBDBCBOTBOHSF NFIBD­BO
SBEJPHSBG­BTZPUSBTDPTBTEFQPST­IPSSJCMFT U¡FTUBCBT
FOSFVOJPOFTPDPOPDJFOEPMBDJVEBE-BT¡OJDBTPDBTJP
OFTRVFTBMJNPTKVOUPTGVFBMDJSDP EPOEFT­NFEJWFSU­ 
ZBMDBTUJMMPEF%S¸DVMBFO5SBOTJMWBOJB4JOFNCBSHP OPMP
DPOPD­QPSEFOUSPQPSRVFNFEFKBTUFFOFMDPDIFOPUF
O­BTQBDJFODJBQBSBBZVEBSNFBDBNJOBSZBRVFUFO­BNJ
QJFSOBFOZFTBEB"NCBTTBMJEBTGVFSPOFODPNQB©­BEF
$BSBN
+PBOBFSBMB¡OJDBQFSTPOBRVFFTUBCBDPONJHP&MMB
NFFOTF©§MBDJVEBE TVTKBSEJOFT BMHVOPTNVTFPTZFM
UFBUSP5BNCJ±ONFMMFWPBM.BS/FHSP(SBDJBTBFMMB
BQSFOE­MPFMFNFOUBMEFMJEJPNBSVNBOPQBSBDPNVOJ
DBSNFZOPTFOUJSNFBJTMBEBFOFMIPTQJUBMEPOEFFMMB
OPFTUBS­BQBSBBZVEBSNF
1PSGJOMMFH§FME­B%FTQV±TEFEFTBZVOBS +PBOBZU¡
TVCJFSPOBMDPDIFDPONJHP ­CBNPTBMIPTQJUBM"MMMFHBS
TFWF­BOBMHVOPTWJESJPTSPUPTZNVSPTEFTDBSBQFMBEPT 
TFH¡OEFD­BOEFCJEPBMBHVFSSB5FO­BKBSEJOFTNVZHSBO
EFTDPONVDIPT¸SCPMFT-VFHPEFIBCMBSDPOFMEPDUPS
ZEFRVFOPTFYQMJDBSBFORV±DPOTJTU­BMBDJSVH­B NF
MMFWBSPO B NJ DVBSUP &OUPODFT NF EJTUF VO DPOTFKP
i1§SUBUFDPNPIPNCSFDJUP UJFOFTRVFTFSGVFSUF MVFHP
OPTWFNPTw+PBOBNFBCSB[§ZNFEJKPRVFOPTWFS­B
30 Carta a mi padre

NPTFMEPNJOHP6TUFEFTEPTTFNBSDIBSPOZNFEFKB
SPOTPMBFOVOMVHBSEFTDPOPDJEP
.FQSFHVOUPTJUFO­BTJEFBEFD§NPFSBOMBTDPTBTFO
FM IPTQJUBM &TUBCB FO VO DVBSUP DPO DJODP OJ©PT N¸T
3FDVFSEPCJFOBVOBOJ©BEFBQSPYJNBEBNFOUFDVBUSP
B©PTDPOMPTJOUFTUJOPTFYQVFTUPTQPSVOBFOGFSNFEBE
DPOH±OJUB TJFNQSFFODBNBZDPOVOBTPOSJTBFOTVDB
SJUBQFDPTB-BIBCJUBDJ§OFSBNVZGS­B DSFPRVFFTPFSB
EFCJEPBVOWJESJPSPUPRVFQFSNBOFDJ§BT­EVSBOUFUPEB
NJFTUBODJBT§MPDVBOEPDPNFO[§BOFWBSMPDVCSJFSPO
DPOVOBDPCJKBEPCMBEB
5PEBTMBTOPDIFTMMPSBCBNVDIP FOTJMFODJPMFSFDMB
NBCBBNJNBESFTVBCBOEPOP&SBIPSSJCMFDVBOEP
TFSFVO­BOMPTN±EJDPTBN­BMSFEFEPSQBSBBVTDVMUBS
NF UPEPTBTFOU­BOPOFHBCBODPOMBDBCF[BNJFOUSBT
ZPOPFOUFOE­BBCTPMVUBNFOUFOBEBEFMPRVFIBCMB
CBO BVORVFTVUSBUPGVFTJFNQSFNVZDBSJ©PTP
.JSFMBDJ§ODPOMPTPUSPTOJ©PTGVFBMQSJODJQJPNVZ
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Rumanía 31

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32 Carta a mi padre

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Rumanía 33

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34 Carta a mi padre

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Rumanía 35

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38 Carta a mi padre

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40 Carta a mi padre

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42 Carta a mi padre

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Contrapunto 43

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46 Carta a mi padre

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Descubrimiento 47

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50 Carta a mi padre

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Irina 51

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52 Carta a mi padre

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Irina 53

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54 Carta a mi padre

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Irina 55

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58 Carta a mi padre

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BMPRVFZPRVFS­BTFSZ QPSFMPUSP EFUS¸TEFFTBJNB
HFOFTUBCBOUPEBTNJTQ±SEJEBT&SBUFSSJCMF
'VFVOQSPDFTPNVZTPMJUBSJP$SFPRVFMBUSBOTFYVB
MJEBE EFOUSPEFUPEBMBHBNBEFMBEJWFSTJEBETFYVBM FT
UBMWF[MBDPOEJDJ§OFOMBRVFN¸TTPMFEBETFWJWF QPS
RVFBTVNJSPUSBQFSTPOBMJEBE PUSPOPNCSF PUSBJNB
Vivir mi vida ahora 59

HFOFTBMHPRVFFMNVOEPBOVFTUSPBMSFEFEPSOPDPN
QSFOEF  Z RVJFO OPT DPOPDJ§ BOUFT QSFGJFSF OP FTUBS
DFSDB TFWB:PQVFEPEFDJSRVFFMEFNJTBNJTUB
EFTTFGVFSPOQBSBOPWPMWFS)BCMPEFBGFDUPTRVFZP
DSF­BRVFQPE­BOEBSMBWJEBQPSN­
%FMBGBNJMJB¡OJDBNFOUFUFOHPDPOUBDUPDPOVOB
U­B IFSNBOBEFNJNBN¸ .BS­B&MFOBZTVGBNJMJB
Z
DPOEPTQSJNPT *W¸OZ"MF IJKPTEFVOIFSNBOPEFNJ
NBN¸$POOBEJFN¸T/JN¸TU­PTOJN¸TQSJNPT OJ
NJTQSPQJBTIFSNBOBT OJNJNBN¸ OJU¡/BEJF
{2VJFSFTRVFUFEJHBVOBDPTB "IPSBRVFMPWFPB
MBEJTUBODJB DSFPRVFU¡ZZPOVODBMMFWBNPTVOBSFMB
DJ§OTBOB)FMMFHBEPBQFOTBSRVFOPUFOFSDPOUBDUP
DPOUJHPOPTIBDFNFKPSFTBMPTEPT1FSPUFDPOTUBRVF
FODJFSUPNPNFOUPZPUSBU±EFBDFSDBSNFBUJ)JDF
FMFTGVFS[PEFDPOUBSUFGSFOUFBGSFOUFMPRVFJCBB
QBTBS
$POUJHPT§MPGVFVOJOUFOUP$PONJNBESFZIFS
NBOBTGVFVOIFDIP`-BTIVCJFSBTWJTUP.JNBN¸TF
QVTPBMMPSBSi{2V±IJDFQBSBNFSFDFSFTUP w-FFYQMJ
RV±RVFOPUFO­BRVFWFSDPOFMMB RVFFSBVOBDPOEJ
DJ§O N­B i&T RVF DVBOEP OBDJTUF FM EPDUPS NF EJKP
RVFFSBTWBSPODJUPw:BOUFFTP {RV±MFEFD­B 1VFTFM
EPDUPSTFFRVJWPD§.JEFDJTJ§OOPMBUPN±QBSBMBTUJ
NBSBOBEJFZUBNQPDPFTVOBMPDVSBRVFTFNFPDV
SSJ§BOPDIF&TVOBDPOEJDJ§ORVFUFOHPZRVFZBNF
DBOT±EFDBMMBSFTUPZIBSUBEFTFHVJSBQBSFOUBOEP FT
UPZIBTUBMBNBESFEFTFHVJSNFUSBWJTUJFOEPEFIPN
CSF`:BOPRVJFSP$VNQM­:DSFPRVFDVNQM­CJFOF
JODMVTPEFNBTJBEP`%±KFONFWJWJSNJWJEBBIPSB
60 Carta a mi padre

&OUPODFTWJOJFSPOMPTSFDMBNPTZMBTBDVTBDJPOFT)VCP
VOEJTUBODJBNJFOUPBVUPN¸UJDP-BSFBDDJ§OEFNJTIFS
NBOBTGVFUBOJOGBOUJMRVFNFEBSJTB&MMBTOPFOUSBSPO
FODPOGMJDUPQPSRVFTVIFSNBOPGVFSBTVIFSNBOB TJOP
QPSRVFIBC­BWJPMFOUBEPMBUSBORVJMJEBEEFTVNBN¸
i{$§NPUFBUSFWFTBNPMFTUBSBNJNBN¸ MBIJDJT
UFMMPSBS MFEJKJTUFyw NFSFDMBNBSPO:PMFTSFTQPOE­
RVFOPTFNFUJFSBOFOFTP RVFFSBVOQSPCMFNBFOUSF
NJNBN¸ZZP
Þ1FSPFTRVFMBJOTVMUBTUF
Þ1VFTFMMBUBNCJ±ONFJOTVMU§
5JFNQP EFTQV±T NF QJEJFSPO RVF MFT FYQMJDBSB MP
RVFQBTBCB"MQSJODJQJPVOBEFFMMBT /BZBU NFEJKPRVF
OPIBC­BCSPODB RVFMBEFKBSBEJHFSJSMP T§MPRVFS­BIB
DFSNFVOBTQSFHVOUBT
Þ1SFHVOUBMPRVFRVJFSBTÞMFEJKF$PNFO[§BJOUF
SSPHBSNFTPCSFNJBEPMFTDFODJBZEFSFQFOUFNF
EJKP
Þ0TFBRVFFSFTDPNPFMEFM4JMFODJPEFMPTJOPDFOUFT 
FMBTFTJOPRVFRVJFSFTFSNVKFS
Þ`/P OBEBRVFWFSÎMUJFOFVODPOGMJDUPEFJEFOUJ
EBEEFH±OFSP QFSPOPMFQFSNJUFOQBTBSFMQSPDFTP
QPSRVFUJFOFVOBFOGFSNFEBENFOUBM FTEJTUJOUP
:PFTUPZTBOBNFOUBMNFOUFZ QPSMPUBOUP WPZBBUSB
WFTBSFMQSPDFTPoMFSFTQPOE­
Þ1VFTOPMPFOUJFOEPZQBSBN­FTMPNJTNPoDPO
GFT§
Þ1VFTFTRVFFOUPODFTFTUPZIBCMBOEPDPOMBQB
SFE:POPUFQJEPRVFFOUJFOEBT ZPNJTNBOPMP
FOUJFOEP4JNQMFNFOUFSFTQ±UBNF
Vivir mi vida ahora 61

Þ{$§NPRVFOPMPFOUJFOEFTTJFTUVEFDJTJ§O oJO
RVJSJ§
Þ6O NPNFOUP  VOB DPTB FT RVF ZP OP FOUJFOEB
QPSRV±FTU¸QBTBOEPFTUP QPSRV±UPEBNJWJEBOP
NF TFOU­ IPNCSF Z QPS RV± RVJTF QBSFDFSNF B
VTUFEFT ZPUSBDPTBFTRVFIBZBEJDIPCBTUBZNF
BUSFWBBQBTBSFTUFQSPDFTP&TBFTMBEJGFSFODJB
/PFTVODBQSJDIP QFSPOPMPFOUJFOEPFOUPO
DFT UBNQPDPUFWPZBFYJHJSRVFMPIBHBT QFSPT­
UFQJEPRVFNFSFTQFUFToDPODMV­
Þ&TRVFU¡NBUBTUFBNJIFSNBOP
`1VUBNBESF'SFOUFBFTUPTBSHVNFOUPTNFEFKBO
FOMBJNQPUFODJBEFSFTPMWFSOBEB
$PO:PMBOEB RVFZBTBCFTD§NPFT GVFN¸TS¸QJEP
Þ/PRVJFSPWPMWFSBTBCFSEFUJ/PT±RV±MFTWPZ
BEFDJSBNJTIJKBT5¡NFRVJUBTUFBNJIFSNBOP 
OPUFMPWPZBQFSEPOBSOVODB OPTFOHB©BTUFUPEB
MBWJEB
$PO:BOJSBIVCPVOJOUFOUPEFBDFSDBNJFOUP QFSP
BMGJOBMMBSFMBDJ§ONV±HBOPRVFFYJTUFFOUSFNJNBN¸
Z NJT IFSNBOBT UFSNJO§ QPS EFGJOJS FM SPNQJNJFOUP
UPUBMZUBKBOUFEFMBTUSFTDPONJHP BEFN¸TEFDPONJ
TPCSJOB5PEBMBGBNJMJBEJPQPSTVQVFTUP TJOUJ§ZTFFOPK§
QPSMPRVFTVDFEJ§BVOPVPUSPNJFNCSPEFMBGBNJMJB 
TJOUFOFSUPEPFMDPOUFYUPEFMDPOGMJDUP&TVOBDPNQMJDJ
EBEFNPDJPOBMNVZD§NPEB {OPUFQBSFDF
$POUJHPGVFEJGFSFOUFUVWFRVFQFOTBSVOBU¸DUJDB
QBSB EFD­SUFMP `4J UF DPOUBSB MP RVF IJDFy 5¡ TBCFT
RVFZPNFMMFWBCBCJFODPOUVBDUVBMNVKFS:FTRVF
MBWFSEBE BMJSUFU¡EFMBDBTBDVBOEPZPUFO­BB©PT
62 Carta a mi padre

BN­OPNFJNQPSU§MBSB[§OMBWFOUBKBQBSBN­GVF
RVFUFJCBT BT­RVFOPUFO­BQPSRV±DVMQBSMBEFMEJWPS
DJP DPNPIJDJFSPONJTIFSNBOBT
&MDBTPFTRVFFMMBZZPOPTSFTQFU¸CBNPTNVUVB
NFOUFQPSFTPDSF­RVFMPNFKPSFSBIBCMBSDPOFMMB 
QSJNFSPQBSBRVFNFEJKFSBQPSE§OEFMMFHBSUF QPSRVF
IBZDPTBTFOMBTRVFOPUFDPOP[DP/PTRVFEBNPTEF
WFSFODVBMRVJFSMVHBS
2VFE§NVZJNQBDUBEBDVBOEPNFWJP:PUFO­BFM
DBCFMMPN¸TDMBSP OPUBOSVCJPDPNPBIPSB QFSPZB
JCBNVZUSBOTGPSNBEB DPOFMEFTBSSPMMPNBNBSJPFWJ
EFOUF .F SFDPNFOE§ JS USBUBOEP FM BTVOUP DPOUJHP
QPSUFM±GPOP UFN­BRVFTJNFWF­BTBT­QPES­BTSFBDDJP
OBSEFNBOFSBWJPMFOUB%FDJE­QFOTBSMP4JOFNCBSHP 
OPQBT§NVDIPUJFNQPBOUFTEFRVFUVWJFSBRVFFO
GSFOUBSUF"ME­BTJHVJFOUFEFMBFOUSFWJTUBDPOUVFTQPTB
NFMMBNBTUF {UFBDVFSEBT -PRVFUFOHPN¸TQSFTFOUF
FTFMUPOPJSBDVOEPEFUVWP[
o/PNFEJHBT IJKPEFUVQJODIFNBESF RVFBFTUBT
BMUVSBTEFUVWJEBUFEJTUFDVFOUBEFRVFFSFTQVUJUP
o&TQ±SBUF/PTPZQVUP OJGVFBFTUBTBMUVSBTEFM
QBSUJEP4PZNVKFSZNFDBMM±UPEBMBWJEBQPSNJF
EPBUJ QFSPZPRVFS­BJOGPSN¸SUFMPEFPUSBGPSNB
{$§NPUFFOUFSBTUF
o`$MBSP)JKPEFUVUBMQPSDVBM TJMB¡MUJNBQFSTPOB
FOFOUFSBSTFUFO­BRVFTFSZP1VFTUVIFSNBOJUB
:PMJUBNFDPOU§$POFMMBT­DVFOUP1BSBN­FTU¸T
NVFSUPIJKPEFMBDIJOHBEB CMB CMB CMBy
-PRVFT­UFBDMBS±FTRVFBVORVFQBSBUJFTUVWJFSB
NVFSUBJCBTBUFOFSRVFTFHVJSEFQPTJU¸OEPNFMBNJ
Vivir mi vida ahora 63

TFSBCMF QFOTJ§O NFOTVBM  QPSRVF FSB UV PCMJHBDJ§O


5PEBW­BUVWJTUFFMEFTDBSPEFEFDJSNFRVFMP¡OJDPRVF
NFJNQPSUBCBEFUJFSBFMEJOFSP{2V±FTQFSBCBT :P
RVFS­BUFOFSVOBSFMBDJ§OTBOBDPOUJHP QFSPOVODBMP
QFSNJUJTUF)BZBMHPRVFOPFOUJFOEPU¡UJFOFTBNJHPT
IPNPTFYVBMFT QBQ¸ ZOPMPTUSBUBTDPNPNFUSBUBTBN­
.FUBNPSGPTJT

&NQFD±BJOZFDUBSNFIPSNPOBTQPSNJDVFOUB{-P
TBC­BT 6OE­BFODPOUS±VOBQ¸HJOBEF*OUFSOFUEFQFS
TPOBTUSBOTFYVBMFTUFO­BOVOBTBMBEFDIBUBMBDVBMNF
JOTDSJC­QBSBQMBUJDBSDPOFMMBT%FQSPOUPDPNFO[BSPO
BQBTBSTFOPNCSFTEFNFEJDBNFOUPT`8PX&SBBMHPRVF
FTUBCBCVTDBOEPIBD­BUJFNQPQPSRVFZPQFOTBCBRVFMB
IPSNPOBDJ§OFTUBCBQSPIJCJEB
4BC­BRVFRVFS­BUFOFSFMDVFSQPEFNVKFS QFSPNF
QSFHVOUBCBD§NPTJOPUFO­BMBOBQBSBPQFSBSNF1PS
RVFVOJNQMBOUFEFTFOPTVOPT WBSPTVOQBS
EFOBMHVJUBT QVFTQPSBI­N¸TPNFOPTVOBPQFSB
DJ§OEFSPTUSP PUSBMBOB:EFTQV±TMBSFBTJHOBDJ§OEF
TFYPy/P QVFTJCBBFTUBSDBOJKP
1FSPUBNCJ±OTBC­BRVFFMQSPDFTPEFUSBOTFYVBMJ
EBEFNQF[BCBDPOVOUSBUBNJFOUPIPSNPOBM4JOFN
66 Carta a mi padre

CBSHP EFTDPOPD­BD§NPPCUFOFSMPPRVJ±OMPSFDFUB
CB1PSFTPDVBOEPFOUS±BFTBQ¸HJOBZNFFOUFS±RVF
WFOEFOMBTIPSNPOBTTJOSFDFUBZTFQVFEFODPNQSBS
FOGBSNBDJBTEFTJNJMBSFTN¸TCBSBUBT NFEJKFi"IPSB
FTDVBOEPw
-BTDPNQS±6ONPNFOUPBOUFTEFQPOFSNFMBQSJ
NFSBBNQPMMFUBFOMBQJFSOBNFWJFOFMFTQFKPZNF
EFTQFE­EFMBPUSBJNBHFOi"EJ§T ZBUFWBTQBSBTJFN
QSFw-BJOZFDDJ§ONFEPMJ§VODIJOHP
/J/±MJEB OJU¡ OJOBEJF TBC­BOOBEBEFFTUP1B
TBSPOUSFTNFTFTZDPNFO[BSPOBQSFTFOUBSTFDBNCJPT
NVZFWJEFOUFTFON­-BWP[NFWJCSBCBNVDIPZOP
MPQPE­BDPOUSPMBS/FMJNFQSFHVOUBCBRV±QBTBCB BT­
RVFQBSBEJTJNVMBSIBCMBCBDBTJFOTFDSFUP&MMBTFEFTFT
QFSBCBQPSRVFOPNFFTDVDIBCB QFSPFTPOPFSBUPEP
EFD­BRVFNJNJSBEBFSBPUSB RVFNFFTUBCBDBNCJBOEP
MBQJFMZNFTBM­BDBCFMMPOVFWP5VWFRVFEFDJSMFRVFIB
C­BDPNQSBEPVOPEFFTPTDPNQMFNFOUPTBMJNFOUJDJPT
RVFBOVODJBOFOMBUFMFWJTJ§OZNFMPFTUBCBUPNBOEP
5PEPFMUJFNQPFOMBDBTBFTUBCBWFTUJEBEFNVKFS
%PSN­BWFTUJEBEFNVKFS4JOFNCBSHP BGVFSBOPFSB
MPNJTNP/±MJEBTJFNQSFNFEFD­BRVFTJJCBBTBMJS
DPOFMMBNFDBNCJBSB1BSBOPFOUSBSFODPOGMJDUPT MP
IBD­B$VBOEPTBM­BZPTPMBJCBWFTUJEBEFNVKFS BVO
RVFUPEPFMNVOEPTFNFRVFEBCBWJFOEP
$POGBMEBUPNBCBUBYJT `ZRV±`"T­TPZZRV±-BT
IPSNPOBTEFSFQFOUFFNQF[BSPOBDBVTBSDPTBTRVF
ZBGVFJOFWJUBCMFFTDPOEFS$BEBWF[RVFNFNBRVJMMB
CBNFWF­BN¸TGFNFOJOB{4BCFT :POPT±RV±FGFDUP
UFOHBOFOFMSPTUSP QFSPDBNCJB%JDFOMPTN±EJDPT
Metamorfosis 67

RVF MB FTUSVDUVSB §TFB OP TF USBOTGPSNB :P QVFEP


EFDJSRVFT­`$MBSPRVFT­4FNPEJGJDBSPONJTQ§NV
MPT FMTFOPGSPOUBM FMNFOU§O MBOBSJ[ZPOPMBUFO­B
UBOSFDUBZOPFTU¸PQFSBEB.FDBNCJBSPOMPTIPN
CSPT TFSFEVKFSPO:OPQVFEFOEFDJSRVFFSBMBNBTB
NVTDVMBSQPSRVFOVODBMBUVWFEFCJEPBMBFOGFSNF
EBE:PEFIPNCSPTFSBUBMMBFOWBS§OZWFBIPSB
{2VJ±ONFEJDFRVFOP :PMPWJW­"EFN¸T MBUSBOTJDJ§O
TFTJFOUF%FSFQFOUFNFEPM­BOMBDBSBPMPTIPNCSPT&O
MBDBEFSBIVCPVOSFBDPNPEPHSBTPZNFDSFDJFSPOMPT
IVFTPT)BZDPTBTRVFTFWBOIBDJFOEPFWJEFOUFT
-PTQSPCMFNBTWFSEBEFSPTWJOJFSPODVBOEP/FMJTF
FOUFS§/PFSBNJJOUFODJ§O QFSPUVWFRVFEFD­STFMP
QPSRVFNFJOUPYJRV±.FMMFO±EFSPODIBT OPQPE­B
SFTQJSBS$B­FOMBDVFOUBEFRVFFSBOMBTJOZFDDJPOFT
IPSNPOBMFTZRVFUFO­BRVFJSBVOIPTQJUBM
4F QVTP NVZ NBM %JTDVUJNPT EF GPSNB CSVUBM 
OVODBOPTIBC­BNPTEJDIPDPTBTRVFOPTMBTUJNBSBO
UBOUP-PRVFMBUFO­BNPMFTUBFTRVFMBIVCJFSBEFKBEP
BMNBSHFOEFUPEP ZOPUFOFSJEFBEFMQPSRV±EFMB
JOUPYJDBDJ§O4VSFBDDJ§OGVFFMBUBRVF-FSFDMBN±TV
EFTBNPSZNFHSJU§RVFIBC­BEFKBEPEFBNBSNF RVF
MBFOGFSNFEBEFSBBMHPRVFOPTBC­BD§NPFOGSFOUBSZ
RVFOPFTUBCBQSFQBSBEBQBSBMPRVFWFO­B
4FOU­DPNPDVBOEPNFQFHBCBTQPSRVFUJSBCBMBTDPTBT
BMOPUFOFSGVFS[BFOMBTNBOPT`&TJODSF­CMFMBWJPMFODJB
EFUPEB­OEPMFRVFFTUBTJUVBDJ§OQVFEFEFTBUBS JODMVTP
FOUSFQFSTPOBTRVFTFBNBO
-VFHPIBCMBNPTDPON¸TDBMNB-FPGSFD­VOBEJT
DVMQBQPSOPIBCFSMBFOUFSBEP QFSPBDMBS±RVFOPCVT
68 Carta a mi padre

DBCBTVBQSPCBDJ§OFSBNJEFDJTJ§O1BSBFMMBGVFNVZ
EJG­DJM-PFOUFOEJ§ QFSPNFEJKPRVFOPNFBZVEBS­B
BJOZFDUBSNFQPSRVFFSBDPNPDPOUSJCVJSBMEPMPSRVF
TFOU­BQPSMBUSBOTGPSNBDJ§OEFTVQBSFKB
.FDPTUBCBNVDIPDPNQSFOEFSOVFTUSBOVFWBTJ
UVBDJ§OFOMBDPOWJWFODJBDPUJEJBOBBWFDFTNFUSBUBCB
DPNPTVQBSFKBZBWFDFTOP4JZPRVFS­BUFOFSBMH¡O
BDFSDBNJFOUPG­TJDPNFEFD­BRVFZBOP±SBNPTDPN
QB©FSBT QFSPDVBOEPTFTVTDJUBCBOFTUFUJQPEFTJUVB
DJPOFTSFMBDJPOBEBTDPOFMQSPDFTPEFUSBOTFYVBMJEBEMB
DPTBFSBEJGFSFOUF-FDPNFOU±RVFEFNJQBSUFOPIBC­B
OJOH¡ODPOGMJDUPFOUFOFSVOBSFMBDJ§ODPOVOBNVKFS
&MMBOPBDFQU§
1BTBEP FM FQJTPEJP EF MB JOUPYJDBDJ§O  EFDJE­ RVF MP
NFKPSFSBDPOTVMUBSBVON±EJDPFTQFDJBMJTUB QFSPOPTB
C­BQPSE§OEFFNQF[BS BT­RVFGVJBWFSBNJQSJNP'SBO
DJTDP NFKPSDPOPDJEPDPNP7JPMFUB$PNPDPNQSFOEFS¸T 
OP DPOGFT± RVF RVFS­B MB JOGPSNBDJ§O QBSB N­ -F QFE­
RVFBWFSJHVBSBMPTEBUPTEFMEPDUPSQBSBQBT¸STFMPTBVOB
BNJHB.FQJEJ§VODPSSFPFMFDUS§OJDPFOFMRVFQVEJFSB
QPOFSTFFODPOUBDUPDPOFMMBQPSTVQVFTUPMFEJFMN­P 
BVORVF±MOPMPTBC­B
&NQF[BNPT B DPNVOJDBSOPT QPS FTB W­B ±M OP TF
JNBHJOBCBRVFFSBZP.FEJPMPTEBUPTEFMEPDUPS%BWJE
#BSSJPT'VJBWFSMPZNFQVTPVOBSFHB©J[BQPSIBCFSNF
BVUPNFEJDBEP4VTQFOEJNPTMBIPSNPOBDJ§O.FFYQMJ
D§RVFEFC­BNPTIBDFSNVDIPTFTUVEJPTZUSBCBKBSDPOVO
SPMEFWJEBGFNFOJOPQBSBWFSD§NPJCBFODBKBOEPFNP
DJPOBMNFOUF
o1VFTFTRVFFOUPEPTMBEPTZBTPZNVKFS
Metamorfosis 69

o{:D§NPUFWB
o1VFTEFMBDIJOHBEB QFSPBI­WPZ
"MFNQF[BSFMUSBUBNJFOUPIPSNPOBMFOGPSNBNJ
GFNJOJ[BDJ§OTFIJ[PFOUSFTNFTFT%FSFQFOUFQFOTB
CBi2VJ±OFTFTBRVFFTU¸FOFMFTQFKP QSFT±OUFONF
MB FTU¸NVZHVBQBw.FDBNCJ§UPEPSBQJE­TJNP&M
B©P BOUFSJPS FM DSFDJNJFOUP NBNBSJP FSB FTDBTP FO
FTPTUSFTNFTFTTFIJ[PN¸TFWJEFOUF/FMJNFEFD­B
RVFNFFTUBCBQPOJFOEPCJFOOBMHPOB:PTFOU­BRVF
TP©BCB
/±MJEB

1BSB/±MJEBGVFVOQSPDFTPQBVMBUJOP4FBDPTUVNCS§
1PDPBQPDPQFSEJ§TVTNJFEPT6OE­BMFEJKFB%BWJE 
NJQTJD§MPHP RVF/FMJDSF­BRVFEFC­BFYQMJDBSMFBUPEP
NVOEPMPRVFOPTQBTBCB MPDVBMMBNFU­BFOVODPO
GMJDUPÎMNFDPNFOU§RVFFMMBOPUFO­BOBEBRVFFYQMJDBS 
ZRVFZPTFMPFYQMJDBS­BBRVJFOZPRVJTJFSB
$VBOEP MF QMBUJRV± FM FQJTPEJP B /±MJEB  NF QSF
HVOU§TJQPE­BTBMJSBMBDBMMFTJONJFEPBFTUBSQFOTBO
EPMPRVFJCBBSFTQPOEFSMFBMBHFOUFi$MBSP FTNJWJEB 
OPMBUVZB5¡OPUJFOFTRVFUFOFSNJFEP4JMBHFOUF
QSFHVOUB TBCSFNPTTJSFTQPOEFSPOPw"QBSUJSEFFTF
NPNFOUPMFCBK§MBBOHVTUJB
4JOFNCBSHP /±MJEBUFO­BPUSPDPOGMJDUP&OSFBMJ
EBEFSBN¸TDPNQMJDBEPEFMRVFQVEJFSBOUFOFSVTUFEFT
DPNPGBNJMJBSFT/PTBC­BRV±DMBTFEFSFMBDJ§OMMFWBS
72 Carta a mi padre

DPONJHP4VQTJD§MPHBMFEJKPRVFQFOTBSBRV±RVFS­B
RVFGV±SBNPTIFSNBOJUBT DPNBESJUBT BNJHBT QSJNBT 
{RV± /FMJSFTQPOEJ§RVFMFHVTUBCBIFSNBOBT$MBSP 
TVQTJD§MPHBKBN¸TMFQSPQVTPMBPQDJ§OEFTFSQBSFKB
1PSRVFZPFTUPZDPOWFODJEBEFRVFTJMFIVCJFSBPGSF
DJEP FTB BMUFSOBUJWB  FMMB OP TF IVCJFSB DPOGMJDUVBEP
UBOUP
/±MJEBNFIBEJDIPRVFNFBNB QFSPOPTBCFRV±
IBDFS  D§NP EFD­STFMP BM NVOEP  BTFHVSB RVF OP FT
MFTCJBOB:PMFIFQSPQVFTUPRVFOPTFFUJRVFUF4JU¡
NFQSFHVOUBTTJTPZMFTCJBOBZPUFWPZBEFDJSRVFOP
T±5BMWF[TPZCJTFYVBM UBMWF[OJTJRVJFSBTFBFTP.F
QVFEFOHVTUBSBMHVOPTIPNCSFTZUBNCJ±ONFQVF
EFOHVTUBSBMHVOBTNVKFSFT OPUPEPTOJUPEBT QFSPQBSB
RV±NFFUJRVFUPTJFMBNPSOPUJFOFH±OFSP6OPQVF
EFTFOUJSBNPSQPSMPTQBESFT QPSMPTIFSNBOPT QPS
MPTBNJHPT:QPSTFSNVKFSIFUFSPTFYVBMOPOFDFTBSJB
NFOUFUFOHPRVFTFOUJSBGFDUPT§MPQPSIPNCSFT.JT
BGFDUPTOPUJFOFOOBEBRVFWFSDPOFTP
)BTUBMBGFDIB/FMJOPQVFEFDPOMBTJUVBDJ§O&TU¸
CVTDBOEPQBSFKB BMHPRVFBN­NFBOHVTUJBNVDIP&O
PDBTJPOFTNFFODFMPZTFFNQF©BFORVFZPCVTRVF
QBSFKBUBNCJ±O$VBOEPMFEJHPRVFNFHVTUBBMHVJFO
SFBDDJPOBEFEJGFSFOUFTNBOFSBTTJMFBHSBEBFMGVMBOP
NFEJDFRVFT­FTU¸HVBQPZNFTJHVFFMKVFHPTJOPMF
HVTUBFTJOEJGFSFOUF1FSPDPOMBTNVKFSFTTFQPOFNVZ
DFMPTB4FHVSBNFOUFU¡OPFOUJFOEFTFTUPBWFDFTZP
UBNQPDP
)BDFQPDPBOEVWFDPOVOUJQP$BQJU¸O QJMPUPBWJB
EPSDJWJM"MQSJODJQJPOPTMMFW¸CBNPTCJFO QFSPFTNVZ
Nélida 73

WJPMFOUP  QPTFTJWP Z DFMPTP IBTUB FM UPQF FTP OP NF


HVTUB &NQFD± B UFOFS CSPODBT DPO ±M : /±MJEB NF
EFD­BRVFMFUVWJFSBQBDJFODJB RVFFTUPEFMBUSBOTFYVB
MJEBEFSBBMHPOVFWPQBSB±M
o ÎMOPNFWFDPNPVOBDIJDBUSBOT NFWFDPNPVOB
NVKFS4BCFRVFTPZUSBOTFYVBM QPSRVFTFMPEJKF Z
NFBDFQU§UBMDVBM/PFTDVFTUJ§OEFQBDJFODJB-P
RVFQBTBFTRVFQJFOTBDPNPNBDIPZZPOPWPZB
BWBMBSFTP OJNFWPZBDPNQPSUBSDPNPVOBNVKFS
TVNJTBRVFEFCFBHVBOUBSMPQPSRVFIBZRVFUFOFS
MFQBDJFODJB/P OJNBESFT.BDIPTZPOPRVJFSP
o &TRVF±MUFIBCMBDPONVDIPDBSJ©P UFUSBUBNVZ
CJFO MPUSBFTEFVOBMB2VJFSFRVFUFWBZBTBWJWJS
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76 Carta a mi padre

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¿Amigos? ¡Para qué los quiero! 77

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78 Carta a mi padre

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80 Carta a mi padre

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Vale la pena ser mujer 81

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82 Carta a mi padre

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84 Carta a mi padre

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Prefiero estar viva 85

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86 Carta a mi padre

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Prefiero estar viva 87

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94 Carta a mi padre

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96 Carta a mi padre

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