Quality of products

1. Managing quality is crucial for small businesses. Quality products help to maintain customer
satisfaction and loyalty and reduce the risk and cost of replacing faulty goods.
2. In a modern world, it is a big challenging for many industries in information technology or
manufacturing to maintain quality without compromising on the costs of quality and non-
quality. These two together make the total cost towards maintaining quality of a product, and
are involved throughout the project’s life cycle. The primary challenge here is to determine how
to trim the overall costs of quality and non-quality.
3. Quality is critical to satisfying your customers and retaining their future loyalty so bear this in
mind to ensure quality products or service that can make an important contribution to long-term
revenue and profitability.
Most successful businesses nowadays have some form of Quality Management System
(QMS) with fewer companies now competing on the basis of price alone as a satisfactory
business formula, so why might this be
Someone somewhere will always be able to undercut you, so it’s usually better to sell on quality
rather than on price.
Customer expectations are rising all the time, so failing to meet them is commercial suicide.
4. Eight dimensions of product quality management can be used at a strategic level to
analyze quality characteristics. The concept was defined by David A. Garvin, formerly C. Roland
Christensen Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School (died 30 April
2017). Some of the dimensions are mutually reinforcing, whereas others are not—improvement
in one may be at the expense of others. Understanding the trade-offs desired by customers
among these dimensions can help build a competitive advantage.
5. Performance: Performance refers to a product's primary operating characteristics. This
dimension of quality involves measurable attributes; brands can usually be ranked objectively on
individual aspects of performance.
Features: Features are additional characteristics that enhance the appeal of the product or
service to the user.
Reliability: Reliability is the likelihood that a product will not fail within a specific time period.
This is a key element for users who need the product to work without fail.
Conformance: Conformance is the precision with which the product or service meets the
specified standards.
6. Durability: Durability measures the length of a product’s life. When the product can be repaired,
estimating durability is more complicated. The item will be used until it is no longer economical
to operate it. This happens when the repair rate and the associated costs increase significantly.
Serviceability: Serviceability is the speed with which the product can be put into service when it
breaks down, as well as the competence and the behavior of the service person.
Aesthetics: Aesthetics is the subjective dimension indicating the kind of response a user has to a
product. It represents the individual’s personal preference.
Perceived Quality: Perceived Quality is the quality attributed to a good or service based on
indirect measures.
 7.

8. Cost of rework. Repeated tasks to achieve a certain goal is called rework. This may happen if
engineers have not performed error-free work at the first try. Rework is the most common problem that
many organisations face in their day-to-day project lifecycle. Consequently, situations of schedule
constraints create extreme pressure for the development team, which may result in the lack of
involvement in the testing phase.

9. Below are some probable points due to which rework may occur:
• Faults not solved correctly, non-conforming with regards to coding standards or logic
• Very frequent change in requirements, design, etc, during development and testing stages
• Incomplete coverage in code implementation or hardware implementation during design
implementation phase
• Test executions or design implementations not measured or evaluated; hence, incomplete coverage
• Incorrect test plan and test strategy creation
• Frequent regressions
• Negligence by developers or test engineers

10. “Quality should be aimed at the needs of customers, present and future.”
—Dr Edward Deming