!" !

#
$ %&' # %

( ) *+ ∈ $ ∈ , & % +

- . -, . =

−
-/. - + .= - .
+

$ * % !% !

. - . 0. - −/ . %. - 1/
2 . . - . # ∈

!% 3 + ! %3 *

−,
. - . = -,+ . = -, . = ⋅ =

− − −
0. - −/ . = - −+ . = - . =
/

1 /−/ 1 /−
%. - 1/
2 . = - /1+/ . = - 1/
/ . = − - 1/
.
2 / /

4 1 5

!%

6 6
. - . = = =
6 - − .6 6 ,6
/ & " ∈ $ ∈ , # & % +

+ +
- + . = - .
+
&%3+ 7 %% 3 # % ∈ 8 % !"

+ + − +
= # - + . = - . 9 %3 :
+

= - +. 98 % % .
/

+ +
; & ! + - .=
+ /

+ +
- + . = - . # !" 0 ! ' ! < !& =
+
+ +
" != ∈ + - + . = - .
+
+ +
; & " - +/ . = - + .
+/

+ + −- + . +
%&+ -- + . + .= - + . - .
+/

− +
4 - . -7 3& %&' .
+/ +

+ − +
4 - . = - + .
+/ + +/

; & %% 3 # ! 3 ! ' & ∈ -$ & ∈ .

2 & / !0 > % & 7% !%% 3 ? !

!#
" !0 & &
@ % !
" ! !%% A

!% 3 + ; & " !0 % % 0 %! % !
" !%% 3 # 3! !&
!%% B & ! & & # != !%% 0!

6
= -B . = = 22,
B 6 - − B.6
B CC !%% 08& & >; " @'! & ! $ =
!%% 0! A

!% 3 + '! 0! # /# 2# # D %
% !' ! , E# F '!

% " - .= - − .# 0 &% ! '! = ,# # / # # 1 /#

# $! ' ! = ,# #/# # - − . 1 / #

G ! +

,≤ ≤ 1/ D & % - *.+

−
- + . = - .= − - . >
+ + +

> [ 1 - 1 /. − ]( ) = - .
H " !% % &0 !( ) % % " % % # !% <

G =
/
! & 0 " !% # ! G '! - . 0&
% = - − .1/ - 0 - + .1/ .

? !% ! # !! !0 # ! G& &@ ! !! - + . ?

!% 3 + & 5 ! G& &@ # &

5 = ( ) ?
? , ?
= 2,,2 , ?

5 !% ! !&@ % &! ! !!

(
2
− −/
1/ )
5

!% 3 + ! !! &0 & & &@ D! # !&@ % &!

B = ( ) ( ) (−
5
2
2
2 −/
1/ )
2
= −? −?
1/
I !% ! !&@ & - ! 7 $.# ! !! !0 ( − 1 )J

!% 3 + !KL@ &@ ! !! !0

= ( )
J
−
J− +
(− 1 ) −
=

4 (− )
−
( )
J
−
−/

; " @& G 0 & M /K4 ,

! !% 3 = 1/∉ # 7 $ &@ & G &
!!

N & "

. ( )=/
=,

0. (− ) ( )=,
=,

&%3+ . / = ( + ) = () −
⋅
=,

4 ()
=,

0. ,=, = ( − ) = - . -− .
=,

4 -− . - .
=,
JCC 0& !% % & N
! !! ( + /
− )
2 J

!% 3 + !! !& !0 0& +

( ) () ( ) ( )-
J J
2 J J−
+ /
− = J /
− 2
= J /
− 2
.
=, =,

!% ! & % ( /
− 2
) # ,≤ ≤J

( /
− 2
) = -− . - . - /
. −
- 2
.
=,

/ +
4 -− . - .
=,

0 !' % !G & N % !
/ + # ,≤ ≤ J# , ≤ ≤

> B / + > N# 0 & + ,≤ ≤B

= , = , / + = ,

= = ,# / + = /#2

= / = ,# # / / + = B # ?# 5

= 2 = , # # /# 2 / + = 5# I #N#J = 2# =/

= B = ,# # /# 2# B / + = N # J# ,# # /# = B# =,

N
E# ! % % & " !& !%

() ()
J
2
2
/ $ () ()
J
B
B
,

( ! &# !% % & N
2 ( ) + ( ) = 2IN
J
2
J
B
 =
− −/ −/ +/
,C !% ! = -− . - . ?/ // 5
=,

−
− − .
!% 3 + = -− . - . -? / . - ⋅ - / / ⋅ 5. ⋅ / − / ⋅ 5 /
=,

−
25 − − −
4 /? ⋅ -− . - . /? /B
B =,

−
4 /? ⋅ J -/? − /B. = //?

C ; 0 " () = ()
=, =

!% 3 + " & " '! & +

() − ( )= ,
=, =

% # +, 4 ( )(− ) + ( )(− )
=, =

4 ( )(− ) # !% !
# = ' 8%% N# '
=,
/ & ! ! + # ∈

- + . = () −
∀ ∈
=,

&%3+; %% 3

. ; 4 & " +

- + . = () −
= ()
,
, −,
+ () −
= +
=,

. !& '! ∈ % +

( + ) = ( ) −

=,

; & +

+
- + . +
= ( ) + + −

=,

& " +

+
- + . = - + . - + . = - + . + - + .

# 7 3& %&' # 0& +

+ − −
- + . = - . + - .
=, =,

4 ( ) + −
+ ( ) + −

=, =,

+
4 ( ) −
+ −
+ ( ) + −

= =,

4 ( ) −
+ −
+ ( ) +
+ ( )
,
+

F ( ) + −

=
 4 ( ) +
+ [( ) − + ( )] + −
+ ( )
,
+

4 ( )
,
+
+ ( ) + + −
+ ( ) +

- L- .

+
4 ( ) + + −
9 ( )= ( )
,
+
, = =
=,

= ( )= ( )
+
+

∴- + . = () −
∀ ∈
=,