Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, Special Issue: Jan.

2015, eISSN 2394-1707

,QWHJUDWLQJ0LQL3URMHFW%DVHG/HDUQLQJ$SSURDFKLQ
7HDFKLQJ/HDUQLQJ3URFHVV


'U0&3DGPD
'HSDUWPHQWRI&RPSXWHU6FLHQFHDQG(QJLQHHULQJ
3(6&ROOHJHRI(QJLQHHULQJ
0DQG\D,QGLD
SDGPDSHV#JPDLOFRP


 JUDGXDWHV %HFDXVH RI WKLV UHDVRQ HQJLQHHULQJ HGXFDWLRQ
$EVWUDFW ² $V WKH WHFKQLFDO FRPPXQLW\ LV JURZLQJ UDSLGO\
RXU VWXGHQWV PXVW EH SUHSDUHG WR EH JOREDO HQJLQHHUV WR
VXFFHVVIXOO\ IXQFWLRQ DV SURIHVVLRQDO HQJLQHHUV LQ WKH
LQWHUQDWLRQDO FRUSRUDWH ZRUOG RI WKH VW FHQWXU\ ,Q WKLV
FRPSHWLWLYH ZRUOG WHDPZRUN OHDUQLQJ DELOLW\ DQG VRIW VNLOOV
DORQJ ZLWK DFDGHPLF H[FHOOHQFH DUH YHU\ PXFK QHHGHG IRU WKH
FDUHHUJURZWKRIDVWXGHQW,QDGGLWLRQRXUHQJLQHHULQJVWXGHQWV
PXVWDFTXLUHOLIHORQJOHDUQLQJWREHDEOHWRDSSO\WKHLUNQRZOHGJH
LQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKWKHQHZSUREOHPVIDFHGLQWKHLUGDLO\OLIH,Q
'U96ULGKDU
'HSDUWPHQWRI(OHFWURQLFVDQG&RPPXQLFDWLRQ(QJLQHHULQJ
3(6&ROOHJHRI(QJLQHHULQJ
0DQG\D,QGLD
VFHQDULR WRGD\ LV IDLOLQJ WR PHHW WKH LQGXVWULDO UHTXLUHPHQWV
&RPSOHWHLQYROYHPHQWRIVWXGHQWVLQWKHFODVVURRPWHDFKLQJ
OHDUQLQJ SURFHVV PD\ KHOS FKDQJLQJ WKHLU DWWLWXGH DV ZHOO DV
HQDEOLQJWKHPWRXQGHUVWDQGWKHLPSRUWDQFHDQGDSSOLFDWLRQRI
ZKDWWKH\DUHOHDUQLQJ+HQFHWUDQVIRUPDWLRQIURPDWUDGLWLRQDO
WHDFKLQJPHWKRGWRODWHVWWHDFKLQJPHWKRGVOLNHRXWFRPHEDVHG
HGXFDWLRQLVDPXVW
$V WKH WHFKQLFDO FRPPXQLW\ LV JURZLQJ UDSLGO\ RXU
VWXGHQWV PXVW EH SUHSDUHG WR EH JOREDO HQJLQHHUV WR
WKDW FRQWH[W D SURMHFWEDVHG OHDUQLQJ 3%/ LV FRQVLGHUHG WR EH VXFFHVVIXOO\ IXQFWLRQ DV SURIHVVLRQDO HQJLQHHUV LQ WKH
WKH EHVW SODWIRUP IRU WKH VWXGHQWV WR JDLQ JUHDWHU GHSWK RI LQWHUQDWLRQDOFRUSRUDWHZRUOGRIWKHVWFHQWXU\$FFRUGLQJO\
XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI FRQFHSWV EURDGHU NQRZOHGJH EDVH LPSURYHG RXU XQGHUJUDGXDWH HGXFDWLRQDO FXUULFXOD PXVW EH UHYLVHG WR
FRPPXQLFDWLRQ DQG LQWHUSHUVRQDOVRFLDO VNLOOV HQKDQFHG PDNH RXU VWXGHQWV WHFKQLFDOO\ YHUVDWLOH PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\
OHDGHUVKLS VNLOOV LQFUHDVHG FUHDWLYLW\ DQG LPSURYHG ZULWLQJ DEOH WR VROYH SUREOHPV IURP D V\VWHPVOHYHO SHUVSHFWLYH
VNLOOV,QWKLVSDSHUWKHH[SHULHQFHRIXVLQJWKHWHFKQLTXHRIPLQL
HIIHFWLYHFRPPXQLFDWRUVIXQFWLRQLQGLYHUVHHWKQLFWHDPVDQG
SURMHFWEDVHGOHDUQLQJ03%/DVDNH\SHGDJRJLFDOPHWKRGIRU
WHDFKLQJ D FRXUVH $GYDQFHG 'DWD %DVH 0DQDJHPHQW 6\VWHP
ZLWKLQ WKH FRQWH[W RI D 0DVWHU¶V SURJUDPPH LV UHSRUWHG 7KH
SRVLWLYH IHHGEDFN IURP WKH VWXGHQWV SURYHV WKDW WKH
LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI 03%/ LV D VXFFHVVIXO SHGDJRJLFDO PHWKRG WR
SUHSDUHRXUVWXGHQWVUHDG\IRUWKHVWFHQWXU\UHTXLUHPHQWV
GHPRQVWUDWH VRFLDOUHVSRQVLELOLW\ ,Q DGGLWLRQRXUHQJLQHHULQJ
VWXGHQWVPXVWDFTXLUHOLIHORQJOHDUQLQJWREHDEOHWRDSSO\WKHLU
NQRZOHGJHLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKWKHQHZSUREOHPVIDFHGLQWKHLU
GDLO\OLIH+HQFHWKH$FFUHGLWDWLRQ%RDUGIRU(QJLQHHULQJDQG
7HFKQRORJ\KDVPRGLILHGWKHLUDFFUHGLWDWLRQFULWHULDWRSODFHDQ
HPSKDVLVRQSURMHFWEDVHGOHDUQLQJSUREOHPVROYLQJDQGVHOI
.H\ZRUGV²7HDFKLQJ/HDUQLQJ 3URFHVV 3URMHFW %DVHG GLUHFWHGOHDUQLQJZKLFKVXSSRUWVOLIHORQJOHDUQLQJ>@,QWKDW
/HDUQLQJ0LQL3URMHFW7HDPZRUN&ULWLFDO7KLQNLQJ
, ,1752'8&7,21
7HFKQLFDOLQVWLWXWLRQVDUHFRQVLGHUHGWREHWKHPDLQVRXUFHV
RI SURGXFLQJ EHVW WHFKQLFDO SURIHVVLRQDOV WKURXJK TXDOLW\
WHFKQLFDO HGXFDWLRQ +HQFH TXDOLW\ WHFKQLFDO HGXFDWLRQ LV
FRQVLGHUHGWREHWKHPRVWVLJQLILFDQWIDFWRUIRUWKHSURJUHVVRI
DQ\1DWLRQDVLWIXUWKHUOHDGVWKH1DWLRQJURZWHFKQRORJLFDOO\
DQG VRFLR HFRQRPLFDOO\ %HFDXVH RI WKLV UHDVRQ WKHUH LV D
JUHDWHUGHPDQGIRUHQJLQHHULQJHGXFDWLRQ
,QWRGD\¶VHYHULQFUHDVLQJZRUOGRILQIRUPDWLRQWHFKQRORJ\
LW LV QRW SRVVLEOH WR PHHW WKH GHPDQG RI WKH LQGXVWU\ WKURXJK
RXU WUDGLWLRQDO WHDFKLQJ PHWKRGV OLNH EODFN ERDUG DQG SRZHU
SRLQW SUHVHQWDWLRQV ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKH PRGHUQ HQJLQHHULQJ
SURIHVVLRQUHTXLUHVVNLOOVDQGWHFKQLFDOFRPSHWHQFLHV%XWWKH
PDLQ SHGDJRJ\ IRU HQJLQHHULQJ HGXFDWLRQ VWLOOUHPDLQV ³FKDON
DQG WDON´ IROORZLQJ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO WHDFKLQJ PHWKRG ,Q
FRQWH[WDSURMHFWEDVHGOHDUQLQJ3%/LVFRQVLGHUHGWREHDQ
DSSURDFK WR FDSWXUH DOO WKH QHHGV RI JUDGXDWHV IRU WKH
ZRUNSODFH
7KLVSDSHULVRUJDQL]HGDVIROORZV,Q6HFWLRQ,,OLWHUDWXUH
ZRUN UHODWHG WR SURMHFW EDVHG OHDUQLQJ LV SUHVHQWHG $ EULHI
DERXWWHDFKLQJDQGOHDUQLQJSURFHVVLVSUHVHQWHGLQ6HFWLRQ,,,
,Q6HFWLRQ,93URMHFW%DVHG/HDUQLQJDORQJZLWKDFDVHVWXG\
LV H[SODLQHGLQ EULHI 5HVXOWVDQGGLVFXVVLRQV DUH SUHVHQWHG LQ
6HFWLRQ9&RQFOXVLRQVDUHJLYHQLQ6HFWLRQ9,
,, /,7(5$785(5,9,(:
)URP WKH OLWHUDWXUH LW LV REVHUYHG WKDW 3%/ DSSURDFK KDV
EHHQ XVHG LQ PXOWLGLVFLSOLQH 3%/ DV DQ LQVWUXFWLRQDO DQG
FXUULFXODUOHDUQHUFHQWHUHGDSSURDFKWKDWHPSRZHUVOHDUQHUVWR
FRQGXFW UHVHDUFK LQWHJUDWH WKHRU\ DQG SUDFWLFH DQG DSSO\
NQRZOHGJHDQGVNLOOVWRGHYHORSDYLDEOHVROXWLRQWRDGHILQHG
SUREOHP >@ ,Q >@ WKH H[SHULHQFH RI XVLQJ WKH WHFKQLTXH RI
DGGLWLRQ WKH DWWLWXGHV RI PRVW RXU VWXGHQWV LV VWLOO H[DP PLQLSURMHFWEDVHG OHDUQLQJ 03%/ DV D NH\ SHGDJRJLFDO
RULHQWHG DQG KHQFH IDLO WR JDLQ LQGHSWK NQRZOHGJH VNLOO DQG PHWKRG IRU WHDFKLQJ DGYDQFHG FRPSXWHU QHWZRUNV ZLWKLQ WKH
FRPSHWHQFLHVZKLFKLQWXUQIDLOVWRSURGXFHHIIHFWLYH FRQWH[WRID0DVWHU¶VSURJUDPPHLVUHSRUWHG7KHGHVLJQRIWKH

270
Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, Special Issue: Jan. 2015, eISSN 2394-1707
03%/ WKUHDGH[SORLWHGWKH SUDFWLFDOH[SHULHQFH RI WKH FRXUVH
OHFWXUHUV DQG DOORZHG WKH VWXGHQWV WR FDUU\ RXW VPDOOVFDOH
UHVHDUFK LQ WKH NH\ DUHDV RI QHWZRUN SURWRFROV DQG
WHFKQRORJLHV 7KH VWXGHQWV LQGLFDWHG WKDW WKH\ KDG IRXQG WKDW
WKH PLQL SURMHFWV HQKDQFHG WKHLU FULWLFDO WKLQNLQJ DQG KDG
KHOSHG WKHP WR GHYHORS D GHHSHU XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI QHWZRUN
SURWRFROV DQG WHFKQRORJLHV >@ 3%/ PDLQO\ KLJKOLJKWV LWV
FRQFHSWVWRWKHVWXGHQWVE\PHDQVRIFKDOOHQJHVLQWKHIRUPRI
SUREOHPVUHOHYDQWWRWKHLUIXWXUHSUDFWLFH>@
3URMHFWEDVHG OHDUQLQJ DOORZV LQGHSWK LQYHVWLJDWLRQ RI D
WRSLF ZRUWK OHDUQLQJ PRUH DERXW DQG OHDUQHUV W\SLFDOO\ KDYH
PRUHDXWRQRP\RYHUZKDWWKH\OHDUQDEOHWRPDLQWDLQLQWHUHVW
DQGDUHPRWLYDWHGWRWDNHPRUHUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRUWKHLUOHDUQLQJ
>@,QHQJLQHHULQJSURJUDPV3%/DSSURDFKKDVEHHQUHSRUWHG
DGYDQFHGWHFKQRORJ\&RQFHSWVOLNHOHDUQLQJE\GRLQJSURMHFW
EDVHGOHDUQLQJHWFFDQEHXVHGWRSHQHWUDWHWKHFRQFHSWGHHS
DQGLPSURYHWKHLQYROYHPHQWRIVWXGHQWV
&XOWXUHRIOHDUQLQJE\GRLQJE\LQFRUSRUDWLQJPLQLSURMHFW
FRQFHSW LQ VPDOO JURXS RI VWXGHQW UHVXOWV WR GHYHORS SUREOHP
VROYLQJ DQG SUHVHQWDWLRQ VNLOOV H[FHOOHQW WHDP VSLULW LQFUHDVH
UHVHDUFKVNLOOVVHOIFRQILGHQFHDWWLWXGLQDOFKDQJHDQGVHQVHRI
DFKLHYHPHQWLQWKHVWXGHQWV7KLVLVSRVVLEOHRQO\LIWHDFKLQJ
OHDUQLQJ SURFHVV LV XSJUDGHG E\ LQWURGXFLQJ SURMHFWEDVHG
OHDUQLQJ
,Q HQJLQHHULQJ VWXGLHV WKH XQGHUJUDGXDWHV XVXDOO\ KDYH
SURMHFWZRUNDVPDMRUVXEMHFWLQWKHILQDO\HDURIWKHLUGHJUHH
SURJUDP+RZHYHUWKHLQFRUSRUDWLRQRI3URMHFW%DVHG/HDUQLQJ
E\ VHYHUDO DXWKRUV DOWKRXJK WKH SUDFWLFH LV VWLOO IDU IURP
ZLGHVSUHDG ,W LV REVHUYHG WKDW YDULRXV XQLYHUVLWLHV KDYH
LQWURGXFHG VHYHUDO VWXGHQWFHQWHUHG WHDFKLQJ VWUDWHJLHV RXW RI
ZKLFKSUREOHPEDVHGOHDUQLQJLVRQHRILWVFRPSRQHQWVWRPDNH
WKHLU VWXGHQWV ZRUOG FODVV >@ ,Q WKLV 3%/ SURFHVV VWXGHQWV
OHDUQKRZWRDQDO\]HVXVWDLQDELOLW\ZRUNZLWKGHFLVLRQPDNHUV
DQG SXW FODVVURRP NQRZOHGJH LQWR SUDFWLFH  7KLV UHODWHV WR D
PRUH JHQHUDO HGXFDWLRQDO FRQFHUQ WKDW WKH FODVVURRP RIWHQ
IRFXVHV RQ ZKDW LQIRUPDWLRQ VWXGHQWV VKRXOG EH WROG UDWKHU
WKDQ RQ KRZ VWXGHQWV FDQ HIIHFWLYHO\ OHDUQ DQG DSSO\ WKHLU
NQRZOHGJH >@ $OVR WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI 3%/ LQWR
HQJLQHHULQJSURJUDPDOORZVWKHJURXSVRIVWXGHQWVWREHDEOHWR
LGHQWLI\ WKHLU OHDUQLQJ QHHGV DQG ILQG WKHLU OHDUQLQJ UHVRXUFHV
>@
6XUYH\ RQ LQWURGXFLQJ PLQL SURMHFW EDVHG OHDUQLQJ DV D
SHGDJRJLFDO PHWKRG LQ WHDFKLQJ OHDUQLQJ SURFHVV VKRZV WKDW
VWXGHQWV FDQ HQKDQFH WKHLU FULWLFDO WKLQNLQJ DQG GHYHORS PRUH
FRPSHWHQF\ LQ WKDW VXEMHFW 7KLV PRWLYDWHG WR LQWURGXFH WKH
FRQFHSWRIPLQLSURMHFWEDVHGOHDUQLQJIRUDFRXUVH $GYDQFHG
'DWD%DVH0DQDJHPHQW6\VWHPIRU0DVWHU¶VSURJUDP+HQFH
LQ WKLV SDSHU WKH H[SHULHQFH RI XVLQJ WKH WHFKQLTXH RI PLQL
3%/ DQG LQWHJUDWHG SURMHFWV LQ HDFK \HDU FDQ LPSURYH WKH
OHDUQLQJRIXQGHUJUDGXDWHV7ZRJURXSVRIJUDGXDWHVWXGHQWVRI
GLIIHUHQWEDWFKHVKDYHEHHQFRQVLGHUHGIRUDQDO\VLV7KHUHVXOWV
VKRZWKDWWKHVWXGHQWVZKR ZHUHWDXJKWDGRSWLQJPLQLSURMHFW
EDVHGOHDUQLQJJDYHEHWWHUSHUIRUPDQFHWKDQWKH VWXGHQWVZKR
ZHUHWDXJKWZLWKWUDGLWLRQDOWHDFKLQJPHWKRG7KLVVKRZVWKDW
LQWURGXFLQJ³0LQL3URMHFW%DVHG/HDUQLQJ´LVFRQVLGHUHGWREH
DJRRGVWUDWHJ\IRU7HDFKLQJDQG/HDUQLQJSURFHVV
$ 7UDQVIRUPLQJWUDGLWLRQDOWHDFKLQJSHGDJRJ\WR2XWFRPH
%DVHG(GXFDWULRQIRUHQJLQHHULQJHGXFDWLRQ
)HHGEDFNWDNHQ IURP LQGXVWU\ H[SHUWV DERXWWKH TXDOLW\ RI
HQJLQHHULQJJUDGXDWHVVWDWHVWKDWWRGD\¶VHQJLQHHULQJJUDGXDWHV
ODFN LQ LQGHSWK NQRZOHGJH VWURQJ FRPPXQLFDWLRQ DQG WHDP
ZRUN VNLOOV 7KH\ GR QRW KDYH D EURDGHU SHUVSHFWLYH RI WKH
LVVXHV WKDW FRQFHUQ WKHLU SURIHVVLRQ VXFK DV VRFLDO
HQYLURQPHQWDODQGHFRQRPLFLVVXHV$OVRWKH\DUHQRWFDSDEOH
RI DSSO\LQJ WKHLU NQRZOHGJH WR VROYHUHDOLVWLF SUREOHPV (YHQ
WKRXJK RXU VWXGHQWV DUH JUDGXDWLQJ ZLWK JRRG NQRZOHGJH RI
IXQGDPHQWDO HQJLQHHULQJ VFLHQFH DQG FRPSXWHU OLWHUDF\ WKH\
DUH ODFNLQJ LQ DSSO\LQJ WKHLU NQRZOHGJH WR VROYH UHDOLVWLF
SUREOHPV DV WKH\ GR QRW NQRZ KRZ WR DSSO\ WKDW LQ SUDFWLFH
SURMHFWEDVHG OHDUQLQJ 03%/ DV D NH\ SHGDJRJLFDO PHWKRG
IRU WHDFKLQJ D FRXUVH $GYDQFHG 'DWD %DVH 0DQDJHPHQW
6\VWHP ZLWKLQ WKH FRQWH[W RI D 0DVWHU¶V SURJUDPPH LV
UHSRUWHG
,,, 7($&+,1*±/($51,1*352&(66
7KLVLVD PDMRUGUDZEDFNRIRXUJUDGXDWHVWKDWLVREVHUYHGLQ
WKHFXUUHQWLQGXVWU\ILHOG+HQFHWRGD\¶VHQJLQHHULQJJUDGXDWHV
QHHGWRKDYHVWURQJFRPPXQLFDWLRQDQGWHDPZRUNVNLOOVZLWKD
EURDGHU SHUVSHFWLYH RI VRFLDO HQYLURQPHQWDO DQG HFRQRPLF
LVVXHV7KHVHUHDVRQVJDYHDPDMRULQIOXHQFHRQWKHUHYLVLRQRI
WKH FULWHULD IRU HQJLQHHULQJ SURJUDPV E\ 1DWLRQDO %RDUG RI
7HDFKLQJ DQG OHDUQLQJ LV WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW SURFHVV IRU $FFUHGLWDWLRQ 1%$ 7R JHW ³,QWHUQDWLRQDO 5HFRJQLWLRQ RI
WHDFKHUV DQG VWXGHQWV LQ DQ\ HGXFDWLRQDO LQVWLWXWLRQV 7KH (GXFDWLRQDO 4XDOLILFDWLRQV´ DV SHU :DVKLQJWRQ $FFRUG 1%$
VWXGHQWV QHHG WR SHUIRUP ZHOO LQ WKHLU DFDGHPLF WR JDLQ SXWPRUHHPSKDVLVDQG IRFXVHVRQ2XWFRPH %DVHG(GXFDWLRQ
NQRZOHGJH VNLOO DQG FRPSHWHQF\ IRU WKHLU EHWWHU FDUULHU 2%(
7HDFKHUVSOD\DQLPSRUWDQWUROHLQSUHSDULQJWKHVWXGHQWVOHDUQ 7KRXJK ,QGLD EHFDPH D SURYLVLRQDO PHPEHU RI WKH
WKH IXQGDPHQWDO DQG DGYDQFHG FRQFHSWV DQG PDNH WKHP WR
DFTXLUHYDULRXVGRPDLQNQRZOHGJHDQGVNLOOVDQGFRPSHWHQF\
,Q WKLV FRPSHWLWLYH ZRUOG WHDPZRUN OHDUQLQJ DELOLW\ DQG
VRIW VNLOOV DORQJ ZLWK DFDGHPLF H[FHOOHQFH DUH YHU\ PXFK
QHHGHG IRU WKH FDUHHU JURZWK RI D VWXGHQW,Q WKH JOREDO ZRUN
:DVKLQJWRQ $FFRUG :$ LQ WKH \HDU  LW EHFDPH
VLJQDWRU\ PHPEHUVKLS RI :DVKLQJWRQ $FFRUG LQ -XQH 
7KH :DVKLQJWRQ $FFRUG LV DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO DJUHHPHQW DPRQJ
ERGLHV UHVSRQVLEOH IRU DFFUHGLWLQJ HQJLQHHULQJ GHJUHH
SURJUDPPHV,QWKLVFRQWH[W1DWLRQDO%RDUGRI$FFUHGLWDWLRQ
FXOWXUHHQJLQHHULQJJUDGXDWHVKDYHWRZRUNLQJURXSV$VWKH 1%$ VKRXOG QRZ VHULRXVO\ ORRN IRU WKH WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ RI
WHFKQRORJ\ LV FKDQJLQJ GUDVWLFDOO\ FRQYHQWLRQDO PHDQV RI HQJLQHHULQJ HGXFDWLRQ WR WKH JOREDO VWDQGDUG E\ DGRSWLQJ
WHDFKLQJDQGOHDUQLQJVKRXOGEHNHSWDVLGHDQGQHZLQQRYDWLYH
ZD\VVKRXOGFRPHXSDQGIDFXOW\VKRXOGJHWWUDQVIRUPHGIURP
WHDFKHU WR IDFLOLWDWRU +HQFH LW LV WKH UHVSRQVLELOLW\ RI WKH
LQVWLWXWH WR WKLQN DERXW WKH LQWURGXFWLRQ DQG UHGHVLJQLQJ RI
ODWHVW WHDFKLQJ DQG OHDUQLQJ WHFKQLTXHV ZKLFK EHVW VXLW WR WKLV
2XWFRPH%DVHG(GXFDWLRQ2%(,PSRUWDQFHDQGVLJQLILFDQFH
RI1%$LVWRJHWLQWHUQDWLRQDOUHFRJQLWLRQRIDZDUGHGGHJUHH
WR SURYLGH TXDOLW\ HGXFDWLRQ WR WKH VWXGHQWV OHDG WR MRE
RSSRUWXQLW\ DQG LQWHUQDWLRQDO PRELOLW\ WR PDNH
LQVWLWXWHGHSDUWPHQWDZDUHDERXWVWUHQJWKDQGZHDNQHVVDQGWR
271
Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, Special Issue: Jan. 2015, eISSN 2394-1707
IDFLOLWDWH LQVWLWXWH IRU XSGDWLQJ WKHPVHOYHV LQ FXUULFXOXP
WHDFKLQJDQGOHDUQLQJSURFHVV
7KHQHZDFFUHGLWDWLRQDSSURDFKVKLIWVHPSKDVLVDZD\IURP
³ZKDW LV EHLQJ WDXJKW´ WR ³ZKDW LV EHLQJ OHDUQHG´>@ 7R
DFKLHYH WKLV WUDGLWLRQDO HGXFDWLRQ ZDV WUDQVIRUPHG WR
³2XWFRPH %DVHG (GXFDWLRQ´ 2XWFRPHEDVHG HGXFDWLRQ DV
GHILQHG E\ 6SDG\ >@ LV ³D ZD\ RI GHVLJQLQJ GHYHORSLQJ
GHOLYHULQJDQGGRFXPHQWLQJLQVWUXFWLRQLQWHUPVRILWVLQWHQGHG
JRDOV DQG RXWFRPHV´ ³([LW RXWFRPHV DUH D FULWLFDO IDFWRU LQ
GHVLJQLQJ WKH FXUULFXOXP´ 6SDG\ VXJJHVWV ³<RX GHYHORS WKH
FXUULFXOXP IURP WKH RXWFRPHV \RX ZDQW VWXGHQWV WR
GHPRQVWUDWH UDWKHU WKDQ ZULWLQJ REMHFWLYHV IRU WKH FXUULFXOXP
\RXDOUHDG\KDYH´>@
(QJLQHHULQJSURJUDPVDUHQRZUHTXLUHGWRGHPRQVWUDWHWKDW
WKHLU JUDGXDWHV DUH DFKLHYLQJ D VHW RI VSHFLILHG OHDUQLQJ
RXWFRPHV+HQFHWKH$FFUHGLWDWLRQ%RDUGIRU(QJLQHHULQJDQG
7HFKQRORJ\KDVPRGLILHGWKHLUDFFUHGLWDWLRQFULWHULDWRSODFHDQ
,Q 3%/ VWXGHQWV EHFRPH PRUH DFWLYH HQJDJLQJ LQ WKHLU
SURMHFWV DQG EXLOG FRPSHWHQFLHV VXFK DV FULWLFDO WKLQNLQJ
FRPPXQLFDWLRQ LQ D YDULHW\ RI PHGLD DQG FROODERUDWLRQ
YDOXDEOH IRU WRGD\¶V VW FHQWXU\ $IWHU FRPSOHWLQJ D SURMHFW
VWXGHQWVUHPHPEHUZKDWWKH\OHDUQDQGUHWDLQLWIRUORQJHUWLPH
WKDQ LV RIWHQ WKH FDVH ZLWK WUDGLWLRQDO LQVWUXFWLRQ %HFDXVH RI
WKLVVWXGHQWVZKRJDLQFRQWHQWNQRZOHGJHZLWK3%/DUHEHWWHU
DEOHWRDSSO\ZKDWWKH\NQRZDQGFDQGRWRQHZVLWXDWLRQV,Q
3%/ VWXGHQWV QRW RQO\ XQGHUVWDQG FRQWHQW PRUH GHHSO\ EXW
DOVROHDUQKRZWRWDNHWKHUHVSRQVLELOLW\DQGEXLOGFRQILGHQFH
VROYHSUREOHPVZRUNFROODERUDWLYHO\FRPPXQLFDWHLGHDVDQG
EHFRPH FUHDWLYH LQQRYDWRUV  )RU WKH FXUUHQW JHQHUDWLRQ
VWXGHQWV ZKR DUH PRUH IDVFLQDWHG WR WKLV PRGHUQ WHFKQRORJ\
WKLV 3%/ VHHPV WR EH D SHUIHFW ILW 3URMHFWEDVHG OHDUQLQJ
DFWLYLWLHV JHQHUDOO\ LQWHJUDWH ODQJXDJH DQG FRJQLWLYH VNLOOV
FRQQHFWWRUHDOOLIHSUREOHPVJHQHUDWHKLJKOHDUQHULQWHUHVWDQG
LQYROYHVRPHFRRSHUDWLYHRUJURXSOHDUQLQJVNLOOV
3%/ DOORZV WHDFKHUV WR ZRUN PRUH FORVHO\ ZLWK DFWLYH
HPSKDVLV RQ SURMHFWEDVHG OHDUQLQJ SUREOHP VROYLQJ ZKLFK HQJDJHGVWXGHQWVGRLQJKLJKTXDOLW\PHDQLQJIXOZRUNDQGLQ
VXSSRUWVOLIHORQJOHDUQLQJ>@,QWKDWFRQWH[WDSURMHFWEDVHG PDQ\ FDVHV WR UHGLVFRYHU WKH MR\ RI OHDUQLQJ DORQJVLGH WKHLU
OHDUQLQJ 3%/ LV FRQVLGHUHG WR EH DQ DSSURDFK WR FDSWXUH DOO
WKHQHHGVRIJUDGXDWHVIRUWKHZRUNSODFH
,9 352-(&7%$6('/($51,1*
5HFHQW HGXFDWLRQ V\VWHP KDV SRVHG D ELJ FKDOOHQJH WR DOO
HGXFDWRUV LQ QXUWXULQJ LQWHOOHFWXDO GHYHORSPHQW ZKLFK
SULPDULO\ IRFXVHV RQ WKH UHVRXUFHV DYDLODEOH WR VWXGHQWV DQG
OHFWXUHUVXVLQJD PRUH VWXGHQWFHQWHUHGOHDUQLQJDSSURDFK 7R
LPSURYH WHDFKLQJ DQG OHDUQLQJ RI D SURJUDP DQ DWWHPSW KDV
EHHQ PDGH WR D QHZ SDUDGLJP ZLWK XWPRVW FRPPLWPHQW
WRZDUGVOHDUQHUFHQWULF
VWXGHQWV &XUUHQW PRGHOV RI 3%/ DUH QRW OLNH VRPH SDVW
H[DPSOHV RI ³GRLQJ SURMHFWV´ LQ ZKLFK VWXGHQW OHDUQLQJ
RXWFRPHVZHUHQRWFOHDU3URMHFW%DVHG/HDUQLQJLVDWHDFKLQJ
PHWKRG LQ ZKLFK VWXGHQWV¶ JDLQV NQRZOHGJH DQG VNLOOV E\
ZRUNLQJ IRU DQ H[WHQGHG SHULRG RI WLPH WR LQYHVWLJDWH DQG
UHVSRQGWRDFRPSOH[TXHVWLRQSUREOHPRUFKDOOHQJH3URMHFW
EDVHG OHDUQLQJ LV D G\QDPLF FODVVURRP DSSURDFK LQ ZKLFK
VWXGHQWV DFWLYHO\ H[SORUH UHDOZRUOG SUREOHPV DQG FKDOOHQJHV
DQG DFTXLUH D GHHSHU NQRZOHGJH 6WXGHQWV IURP GLIIHUHQW
EUDQFKHVFDQ DOVRJURXSWRJHWKHUWR GHYHORSLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\
SURMHFWV
3URMHFWEDVHG OHDUQLQJ3%/ SURYLGHV D EHVW SODWIRUP IRU
WKHVWXGHQWVWRJDLQJUHDWHUGHSWKRIXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIFRQFHSWV
EURDGHU NQRZOHGJH EDVH LPSURYHG FRPPXQLFDWLRQ DQG
LQWHUSHUVRQDOVRFLDOVNLOOVHQKDQFHGOHDGHUVKLSVNLOOVLQFUHDVHG
FUHDWLYLW\ DQG LPSURYHG ZULWLQJ VNLOOV -RKQ 'HZH\LQLWLDOO\
SURPRWHG WKH LGHD RI OHDUQLQJ E\ GRLQJ >@ (GXFDWLRQDO
UHVHDUFKKDVDGYDQFHGWKLVLGHDRIWHDFKLQJDQGOHDUQLQJLQWRD
PHWKRGRORJ\NQRZQDV3URMHFW%DVHG/HDUQLQJ>@3URMHFW
EDVHG OHDUQLQJ HPSKDVL]HV OHDUQLQJ DFWLYLWLHV WKDW DUH ORQJ
V HPSOR\HUV 7KH HOHPHQWV GHVFULEHG DV VW FHQWXU\
WHUPLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\DQGVWXGHQWFHQWHUHG8QOLNHWUDGLWLRQDO
WHDFKHUOHG FODVVURRP DFWLYLWLHV VWXGHQWV RIWHQ PXVW RUJDQL]H
WKHLURZQZRUNDQGPDQDJHWKHLURZQWLPHLQDSURMHFWEDVHG
FODVV
3URMHFWEDVHG OHDUQLQJ DOVR JLYHV VWXGHQWV WKH RSSRUWXQLW\
WR H[SORUH SUREOHPV DQG FKDOOHQJHV WKDW KDYH UHDOZRUOG
DSSOLFDWLRQVLQFUHDVLQJWKHSRVVLELOLW\RIORQJWHUPUHWHQWLRQRI
VNLOOVDQGFRQFHSWV,QSURMHFWEDVHGOHDUQLQJVWXGHQWVOHDUQE\
GHVLJQLQJ DQG FRQVWUXFWLQJ DFWXDO VROXWLRQV WR WKH UHDO OLIH
SUREOHPV +HQFH IRU WKH WRGD\¶V HYHU JURZLQJ ZRUOG RI
LQIRUPDWLRQWHFKQRORJ\LWLVYHU\PXFKQHFHVVDU\WRDGRSWLQWR
3URMHFW %DVHG /HDUQLQJ 7KH H[SHULHQFH RI WKRXVDQGV RI
WHDFKHUV DFURVV DOO JUDGH OHYHOV DQG VXEMHFW DUHDV EDFNHG E\
UHVHDUFKFRQILUPVWKDW3%/LVDQHIIHFWLYHDQGHQMR\DEOHZD\
WROHDUQDQGGHYHORSGHHSHUOHDUQLQJFRPSHWHQFLHVUHTXLUHGIRU
VXFFHVV LQ FROOHJH FDUHHU DQG FLYLF OLIH >@ %HFDXVH RI WKHVH
UHDVRQVVRPDQ\HGXFDWRUVDFURVVWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVDQGDURXQG
WKHZRUOGDUHLQWHUHVWHGLQWKLVWHDFKLQJPHWKRG
:LWK WKH WUDGLWLRQDO WHDFKLQJ PHWKRG VWXGHQWV DUH OLPLWHG
WR DFTXLUH WKH NQRZOHGJH WKHRUHWLFDOO\ ZKLFK LQ WXUQ OLPLWV
WKHP WR ORZHU RUGHU WKLQNLQJ $FFRUGLQJ WR %ORRP¶V
7D[RQRP\VWXGHQWVVKRXOGDFTXLUHKLJKHURUGHUWKLQNLQJVNLOOV
LHDSSO\DQDO\VHHYDOXDWHDQGGHVLJQ7KLVFDQEHDFKLHYHG
E\ LQFRUSRUDWLQJ SURMHFW EDVHG OHDUQLQJ LQ WKH GHVLJQ RI
FXUULFXOXP 7KURXJK SURMHFW EDVHG OHDUQLQJ VWXGHQWV FDQ
GHYHORSUHDOZRUOG VWFHQWXU\ VNLOOV ZKLFK DUH H[SHFWHG E\
WRGD\
VWXGHQW RXWFRPHV DUH WKH VNLOOV NQRZOHGJH DQG H[SHUWLVH
VWXGHQWVVKRXOGPDVWHUWKHPVHOYHVWRVXFFHHGLQZRUNDQGOLIH
LQWKHVWFHQWXU\
5HVHDUFKHUVVD\WKDW3%/LPSURYHVOHDUQLQJZKHQOHDUQHUV
DSSO\ FODVVURRPJDWKHUHG NQRZOHGJH WR UHDOZRUOG SUREOHPV
)RU H[DPSOH WKH ,QWHOŠ 7HDFK 3URJUDP LV D ZRUOGZLGH
LQLWLDWLYH WR SURYLGH WHDFKHUV ZLWK WKH VNLOOV WR HIIHFWLYHO\
LQWHJUDWH WHFKQRORJ\ LQWR H[LVWLQJ FXUULFXOXP WR LPSURYH
VWXGHQW OHDUQLQJ 6LQFH  WKH ,QWHO 7HDFK 3URJUDP KDV
KHOSHGRYHUPLOOLRQHGXFDWRUVLQPRUHWKDQFRXQWULHV7KH
JRDORIWKH,QWHOŠ7HDFK(VVHQWLDOV&RXUVHLVWRKHOSFODVVURRP
WHDFKHUVGHYHORSVWXGHQWFHQWHUHGOHDUQLQJWKURXJKWHFKQRORJ\
LQWHJUDWLRQDQGSURMHFWEDVHGDSSURDFKHV
7KHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI2%(WRZDUGVOHDUQLQJV\VWHPLQWKH
IDFXOW\KDVFUHDWHGQHZGLPHQVLRQVLQPRQLWRULQJWKHVWXGHQWV¶
GHYHORSPHQWWKURXJKWKH3URJUDP2XWFRPHDFKLHYHPHQW2QH
RI WKH GLIILFXOWLHV IRXQG LQ LWV LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ LV WKH
272
Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, Special Issue: Jan. 2015, eISSN 2394-1707

PHDVXUHPHQW RI WKH 3URJUDP 2XWFRPH UHODWHG WR VWXGHQW¶V DSSO\ DQG GHVLJQ D '%06 SDFNDJH IRU VROYLQJ D UHDO OLIH
OLIHORQJOHDUQLQJDIIHFWLYHGRPDLQ
,Q WKLV SDSHU ZH KDYH KDV WDNHQ XS WKLV FKDOOHQJH RI WKH
PHDVXUHPHQW RI WKH 3URJUDP 2XWFRPH UHODWHG WR VWXGHQW¶V
OLIHORQJ OHDUQLQJ WKURXJK RQH RI WKH SRVW JUDGXDWH FRXUVHV RI
&RPSXWHU 6FLHQFH DQG (QJLQHHULQJ SURJUDP LH $GYDQFHG
'DWD%DVH0DQDJHPHQW6\VWHPIRUVWVHPHVWHUVWXGHQWV,WLV
GHPRQVWUDWHGLQWKLVSDSHUWKDWE\WUDQVIRUPLQJWKHOHDUQLQJWR
3URMHFW %DVHG OHDUQLQJ E\ LQFRUSRUDWLQJ D 0LQL SURMHFW
VWXGHQWVFDQFDSWXUHWKHLUOLIHORQJOHDUQLQJVNLOOV
$ &DVH6WXG\WRLQWURGXFHPLQLSURMHFWEDVHGOHDUQLQJ
0LQL SURMHFWV FDQ EH LQWURGXFHG IRU VRPH FRXUVHV WR
SURYLGH DQ RSSRUWXQLW\ WR LQWHJUDWH NQRZOHGJH DQG VNLOOV
DFTXLUHGLQDVHWRIFRXUVHVEHORQJLQJWRWKHFXUULFXOXPWKUHDG
SUREOHP7KLVRXWFRPHFDQEHEHVWPHDVXUHGE\LQFRUSRUDWLQJ
03%/ZKHUHVWXGHQWVDUHJLYHQWKHRSSRUWXQLW\WRXQGHUVWDQG
WKH VXEMHFW DSSO\ WKHLU NQRZOHGJH GHVLJQ DQG GHYHORS D
VRIWZDUHIRUDUHDOLVWLFSUREOHP%\HYDOXDWLQJWKHSHUIRUPDQFH
RI WKH PLQL SURMHFW VWXGHQWV FDQ EH DVVHVVHG KRZ EHVW WKH\
KDYH DFKLHYHG WKH FRXUVH RXWFRPH 7KXV DFKLHYLQJ VRPH RI
WKH FRXUVH RXWFRPH ZLOO LQ WXUQ OHDG WR DFKLHYH WKH 3URJUDP
2XWFRPHV ZKLFK LV WKH UHTXLUHPHQW RI 2XWFRPH %DVHG
(GXFDWLRQ
,Q WKLV SDSHU DQ H[DPSOH RI GHYHORSLQJ D PLQL SURMHFW
QDPHO\D%DQNLQJ6\VWHPE\DJURXSRIVWXGHQWVLVFRQVLGHUHG
7KHPHWKRGRIDFKLHYLQJWKHWKUHH3URJUDP2XWFRPHV32
32DQG32DQGWKHPHWKRGRIDVVHVVPHQWRIWKHVWXGHQWV
WKURXJKWKLVPLQLSURMHFWLVH[SODLQHGEHORZ
WR VROYH FRPSOH[ HQJLQHHULQJ SUREOHPV ,QWURGXFWLRQ RI PLQL 32 $Q DELOLW\ WR GHVLJQ LPSOHPHQW DQG HYDOXDWH D
SURMHFWVDOVRKHOSVWRGLUHFWO\DVVHVVVWXGHQWOHDUQLQJRXWFRPHV FRPSXWHUEDVHG V\VWHP SURFHVV FRPSRQHQW RU SURJUDP WR
LQHDFKRIWKHFXUULFXOXPWKUHDG$VWKHVHSURMHFWVDUHFDUULHG PHHW GHVLUHG QHHGV ZLWKLQ UHDOLVWLF FRQVWUDLQWV VXFK DV
RXW LQ WHDPV VWXGHQWV DUH DEOH WR GHYHORS DQG GHPRQVWUDWH HFRQRPLFHQYLURQPHQWDOVRFLHWDOSROLWLFDOKHDOWKDQGVDIHW\
VHYHUDO SURIHVVLRQDO FRPSHWHQFLHV WKDW DUH FULWLFDO IRU PDQXIDFWXUDELOLW\DQGVXVWDLQDELOLW\FUHDWLYHVNLOOV
HQJLQHHULQJSUDFWLFH
*HQHUDOO\DJURXSFRQVLVWLQJRIWRVWXGHQWVLVDVVLJQHG
$V D FDVH VWXG\ LQ WKLV SDSHU ZH KDYH FRQVLGHUHG WKH WR GHYHORS D '%06 SDFNDJH DV PLQL SURMHFW IRU D %DQNLQJ
FRXUVH³$GYDQFHG'DWD%DVH0DQDJHPHQW6\VWHP$'%06´
IURP WKH &RPSXWHU 6FLHQFH DQG (QJLQHHULQJ SRVW JUDGXDWH
SURJUDP  2XW RI  SURJUDP RXWFRPHV IRUPXODWHG DV SHU
$%(7UXOHV IRXUSURJUDP RXWFRPHV VXFK DV 32  32  
32   DQG 32  DV OLVWHG EHORZ FDQ EH DFKLHYHG E\
6\VWHP $V D ILUVW VWHS WR GHYHORS D PLQL SURMHFW VWXGHQWV
VKRXOGXQGHUVWDQGWKHZRUNLQJSULQFLSOHRIWKH%DQNLQJV\VWHP
ZKLFKKHOSVWKHPWRLGHQWLI\WKHHQWLWLHVUHOHYDQWDWWULEXWHVDQG
WKH W\SH RIUHODWLRQVKLSDPRQJ WKH HQWLWLHV 7KHQ WKH\ VKRXOG
UHSUHVHQW WKH FRPSOHWH PRGHO RI WKH V\VWHP E\ ZULWLQJ WKH
DGRSWLQJ03%/
32  $Q DELOLW\ WR GHVLJQ LPSOHPHQW DQG HYDOXDWH D
FRPSXWHUEDVHG V\VWHP SURFHVV FRPSRQHQW RU SURJUDP WR
PHHW GHVLUHG QHHGV ZLWKLQ UHDOLVWLF FRQVWUDLQWV VXFK DV
HFRQRPLFHQYLURQPHQWDOVRFLHWDOSROLWLFDOKHDOWKDQGVDIHW\
(QWLW\5HODWLRQVKLS (5 GLDJUDP /DWHU (5 WR UHODWLRQDO
PDSSLQJ LV GRQH FRQVLGHULQJ DOO WKH QHFHVVDU\ FRQVWUDLQWV ,Q
WKLV VWDJH WKH\ FDQ FRQVWUXFW WKH UHODWLRQDO VFKHPDV E\
LGHQWLI\LQJWKHGLIIHUHQWW\SHRIFRQVWUDLQWV2QFHWKHVFKHPDV
DUH UHDG\ WDEOHV FDQ EH FRQVWUXFWHG XVLQJ 6WUXFWXUHG 4XHU\
PDQXIDFWXUDELOLW\DQGVXVWDLQDELOLW\FUHDWLYHVNLOOV /DQJXDJH64/7KHQGDWDEDVHLVFRQVWUXFWHGIRUWKHJLYHQ
V\VWHPE\HQWHULQJWKHYDOXHVLQWRDOOWKHWDEOHVIROORZLQJWKH
32  $QDELOLW\WRIXQFWLRQHIIHFWLYHO\LQGLYLGXDOO\DQG JLYHQFRQVWUDLQWV)LQDOO\TXHULHVDUHZULWWHQXVLQJ6WUXFWXUHG
RQ WHDPV LQFOXGLQJ GLYHUVH DQG PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\ WR 4XHU\ /DQJXDJH 64/ WR H[WUDFW WKH UHTXLUHG LQIRUPDWLRQ
DFFRPSOLVKDFRPPRQJRDOWHDPZRUN 7KLV LV KRZ WKH VWXGHQWV FDQ EHWWHU XQGHUVWDQG WKH VXEMHFW E\
GHVLJQLQJWKHEDFNHQGRIWKH'%06VRIWZDUH
32 ±  $Q DELOLW\ WR FRPPXQLFDWH HIIHFWLYHO\ ERWK LQ
ZULWLQJDQGRUDOO\ZLWKDUDQJHRIDXGLHQFHVVSHDNLQJZULWLQJ )RU PDNLQJ WKH VRIWZDUH XVHU IULHQGO\ WKH\ VKRXOGGHVLJQ
VNLOOVDQG
32   5HFRJQLWLRQ RI WKH QHHG IRU DQG DQ DELOLW\ WR
HQJDJH LQ FRQWLQXLQJ SURIHVVLRQDO GHYHORSPHQW DQG OLIHORQJ
WKH IURQW HQG ZKLFK KHOSV WKH FXVWRPHUV WR XVH WKDW VRIWZDUH
)RU WKLV VWXGHQWV KDYH WR XQGHUVWDQG WKH QHHGV RI WKH
FXVWRPHUVDQGWKHW\SHRIWKHFXVWRPHUVVRWKDWWKH\GHVLJQLW
DVSHUWKHUHTXLUHPHQWRIWKHFXVWRPHUV7KXVE\GHYHORSLQJD
OHDUQLQJFRQWLQXLQJHGXFDWLRQDZDUHQHVV
$'%06 LV D FRXUVH ZKLFK FDQ SURYLGH NQRZOHGJH DERXW
WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI '%06 SDFNDJH IRU DQ\ UHDO OLIH
DSSOLFDWLRQV 6RPH RI WKHVH PRVW FRPPRQO\ XVHG '%06
VRIWZDUHSDFNDJHVDUHLQEDQNLQJV\VWHPOLEUDU\PDQDJHPHQW
V\VWHP +RWHO PDQDJHPHQW V\VWHP 5DLOZD\ UHVHUYDWLRQ
V\VWHP DLUOLQH UHVHUYDWLRQ V\VWHP DQG VR RQ 7KHVH W\SHV RI
SUREOHPVFDQEHLGHQWLILHGDQGDVVLJQHGDVDPLQLSURMHFWIRUD
JURXS RI VWXGHQWV 7KXV E\ LQWURGXFLQJ 03%/ VWXGHQWV FDQ
JDLQ WKHRUHWLFDO DQG SUDFWLFDO NQRZOHGJH E\ GHYHORSPHQW D
PLQL SURMHFW IRU D JLYHQ VFHQDULR $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH 2%(
SDUDGLJP D VHW RI FRXUVH RXWFRPHV DUH GHULYHG IROORZLQJ WKH
FRQFHSWRI%ORRP¶VWD[RQRP\6WXGHQWVDUHDVVHVVHGWRYHULI\
ZKHWKHU WKH\ KDYH DFKLHYHG DOO WKH FRXUVH RXWFRPHV RI D
FRXUVH)RUH[DPSOHRQHRIWKHRXWFRPHVRIWKLVVXEMHFWLVWR
'%06 VRIWZDUH IRU D SDUWLFXODU DSSOLFDWLRQ VWXGHQWV FDQ
DFTXLUH WKH DELOLW\ WR GHVLJQ LPSOHPHQW DQG HYDOXDWH D
FRPSXWHUEDVHGV\VWHPWRPHHWGHVLUHGQHHGVRIWKHFXVWRPHUV
ZLWKLQ UHDOLVWLF FRQVWUDLQWV VXFK DV HFRQRPLF VRFLHWDO DQG
VXVWDLQDELOLW\XVLQJWKHLUFUHDWLYHVNLOOV%\HYDOXDWLQJWKHPLQL
SURMHFW GHYHORSHG E\ D JURXS RI VWXGHQWV VWXGHQWV FDQ EH
DVVHVVHGWRPHDVXUHKRZEHVWWKH\KDYHDFKLHYHGWKH32
$V WKH VWXGHQWV DUH ZRUNLQJ LQ D WHDP WR GHVLJQ DQG
GHYHORS D SURGXFW IRU VROYLQJ UHDO OLIH SUREOHP VWXGHQWV FDQ
GHILQLWHO\DFTXLUHWKHDELOLW\WRIXQFWLRQHIIHFWLYHO\RQWHDPVWR
DFFRPSOLVKD FRPPRQJRDO7KLVVKRZVWKDWWKH 32FDQEH
DFKLHYHG
6WXGHQWVKDYHWRJLYHVHPLQDUDQGGHPRQVWUDWHWKHSURJUHVV
ZRUN RI WKHLU PLQL SURMHFW LQ HDFK VWDJH WR WKHLU PHQWRU RU
273
Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, Special Issue: Jan. 2015, eISSN 2394-1707
SURMHFW JXLGH 7KLV RSSRUWXQLW\ RI SUHVHQWLQJ WKHLU ZRUN
LQFUHDVHVWKHLUFRQILGHQFHOHYHORIFRPPXQLFDWLRQ7KLVVKRZV
WKDWVWXGHQWVKDYHDFKLHYHGWKH32
7KURXJK 03%/ VWXGHQWV FDQ OHDUQ E\ GHVLJQLQJ DQG
FRQVWUXFWLQJ DFWXDO VROXWLRQV WR VROYH WKH JLYHQ SUREOHP
+HQFH PLQL SURMHFWEDVHG OHDUQLQJ SURYLGHV VWXGHQWV WKH
RSSRUWXQLW\WRH[SORUHSUREOHPVDQGFKDOOHQJHVWKDWKDYHUHDO
ZRUOG DSSOLFDWLRQV LQFUHDVLQJ WKH SRVVLELOLW\ RI ORQJWHUP
UHWHQWLRQRIVNLOOVDQGFRQFHSWV7KLVVKRZVWKDWWKH32FDQ
EHDFKLHYHG
% %HQHILWVRI$GRSWLQJ03%/
x 3URYLGHV D SODWIRUP LQ PXOWLSOH ZD\V IRU VWXGHQWV WR
SDUWLFLSDWHDQGDSSO\GLIIHUHQWNLQGVRILQWHOOLJHQFHVWR
GHPRQVWUDWHWKHLUNQRZOHGJHDQGVNLOO
x 6HUYHV DV D PHGLXP IRU WKRVH VWXGHQWV ZKR GR QRW
XVXDOO\SDUWLFLSDWHLQWHDPZRUNDQGHQFRXUDJHWKHPWR
SDUWLFLSDWHLQJURXSDFWLYLWLHV
x 6WLPXODWHVVWXGHQWVWRZRUNWRJHWKHUDQGVXSSRUWVVHOI
GLUHFWHGOHDUQLQJ
x 3URYLGHVDOHDUQLQJH[SHULHQFHE\FRPELQJWKHWKLQNLQJ
DQGVKDUHGHIIRUWVRIVHYHUDOLQGLYLGXDOV
x 6XSSRUWV VWXGHQWV WR GHYHORS D YDULHW\ RI VRFLDO VNLOOV
UHODWLQJWRDJURXSZRUNDQGFROODERUDWLRQE\SURYLGLQJ
DVXSSRUWLYHHQYLURQPHQW
x 3URPRWHV WKH LQWHUQDOL]DWLRQ RI FRQFHSWV YDOXHV DQG
PRGHV RI WKRXJKW HVSHFLDOO\ WKRVH UHODWHG WR
FRRSHUDWLRQDQGFRQIOLFWUHVROXWLRQ
x 3URYLGHV DQ H[SHULHQFHG OHDUQLQJ E\ WUDQVIHUULQJ WKH
UHVSRQVLELOLW\RIOHDUQLQJIURPWHDFKHUVWRVWXGHQWV
x 3URYLGHV DQ RSSRUWXQLW\ WR HDFK VWXGHQW WR H[SODLQ RU
GHIHQGWKHLUSRVLWLRQWRRWKHUVLQWKHLUSURMHFWJURXSVVR
WKDWOHDUQLQJLVPRUHDSSURSULDWHWREHSHUVRQDOL]HGDQG
YDOXHG
9 5(68/76$1'',6&866,21
JRRGVWXGHQWVDQGFDQFHUWDLQO\LPSURYHWKHLUOHDUQLQJDELOLW\
7KH IDFXOW\ KDV WDNHQ DOO WKHVH FRPPHQWV DQG ORRN IRU WKH
FRQWLQXRXV TXDOLW\ LPSURYHPHQW RI WKH FRXUVH E\ GHVLJQLQJ
PRUHHIIHFWLYH03%/IRUVWXGHQWV
7KH IHHGEDFN SURYHV WKDW WKH VWXGHQWV KDYH DWWDLQHG QRW
RQO\ IRXU 3URJUDP 2XWFRPHV EXW DOVR RWKHU 3URJUDP
2XWFRPHV:KHUHDVLQWUDGLWLRQDOHGXFDWLRQWKHRXWFRPHVDUH
QRW GHILQHG DQG KHQFH VWXGHQWV FDQQRW EH DVVHVVHG ZKHWKHU
WKH\KDYHDWWDLQHGDQ\RXWFRPH+HQFHLWLVEHVWWRDGRSWWKH
W\SH RI HGXFDWLRQ ZKLFK IROORZV WKH VORJDQ RI WKH 2XWFRPH
%DVHG (GXFDWLRQ  ³%HJLQ ZLWK WKH (QG LQ 0LQG´ )URP WKLV
SDSHULWLVREVHUYHGWKDWDGRSWLQJPLQLSURMHFWEDVHGOHDUQLQJ
LVFRQVLGHUHGWREHWKHEHVWSHGDJRJLFDOPHWKRGWRLPSOHPHQW
2XWFRPH %DVHG (GXFDWLRQ ZKLFK LV WKH QHHG IRU WKH FXUUHQW
VWFHQWXU\
$ 'LIILFXOWLHVLQLPSOHPHQWLQJ03%/
7KRXJK WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI 03%/ KDV PDQ\ EHQHILWV
WKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQUHPDLQVDFKDOOHQJLQJWDVNIRUERWKIDFXOW\
DQGVWXGHQWV+RSHIXOO\VRPHRIWKHH[SHULHQFHVVKDUHGLQWKLV
SDSHU ZLOO VXSSRUW DQG HQFRXUDJH RWKHUV WR IDFLOLWDWH WKH
LQWHJUDWLRQ RI WKHVH DFWLYLWLHV LQ WKHLU XQGHUJUDGXDWH
HQJLQHHULQJ FXUULFXOXP 1RUPDOO\ VWUHQJWK RI XQGHUJUDGXDWH
VWXGHQWV LV TXLWH ODUJH UDQJLQJ IURP  WR  FRPSDUHG WR
VWUHQJWKRISRVWJUDGXDWHVWXGHQWVZKLFKUDQJHVIURPWR
%HFDXVHRIWKLVKXJHVWUHQJWKLWLVTXLWHGLIILFXOWWRLPSOHPHQW
WKLV FRQFHSW RI SURMHFWEDVHG OHDUQLQJ IRU XQGHUJUDGXDWH
VWXGHQWV +RZHYHU LI VRPH QHFHVVDU\ DUUDQJHPHQWV DUH PDGH
WRVXSHUYLVHWKHWHDPVRIVWXGHQWVWKHQGHILQLWHO\LWLVZRUWKRI
WDNLQJ DGGLWLRQDO UHVSRQVLEOH WDVN DV WKH TXDOLW\ RI JUDGXDWHV
PHHWVWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVRIWKHLQGXVWU\2QHZD\WRRYHUFRPH
IURP WKLV GLIILFXOW\ LV WR PDNH XVH RI 3* VWXGHQWV ZKR DUH
VHOHFWHGDV7HDFKLQJ$VVLVWDQWVLQ7(4,3IXQGHGFROOHJHV
9, &21&/86,21
7KH PRGHUQ HQJLQHHULQJ SURIHVVLRQ UHTXLUHV VNLOOV DQG
WHFKQLFDO FRPSHWHQFLHV $OVR RXU HQJLQHHULQJ VWXGHQWV PXVW
DFTXLUHOLIHORQJOHDUQLQJWREHDEOHWRDSSO\WKHLUNQRZOHGJHLQ
DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK WKH QHZ SUREOHPV IDFHG LQ WKHLU GDLO\ OLIH
+HQFH LW LV DQWLFLSDWHG WR LQWURGXFH 0LQL 3URMHFWEDVHG
$Q DQDO\VLV KDV EHHQ FRQGXFWHG WR JHW VWXGHQWV¶ IHHGEDFN OHDUQLQJ03%/ ZKLFK SURYLGHV D EHVW SODWIRUP IRU WKH
RQ WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI 03%/ IRU WKH FRXUVH $'%06 IRU VWXGHQWV WR JDLQ JUHDWHU GHSWK RI XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI FRQFHSWV
SRVW JUDGXDWH VWXGHQWV )HHGEDFN IRUP ZDV IRUPXODWHG EURDGHU NQRZOHGJH EDVH LPSURYHG FRPPXQLFDWLRQ DQG
FRPSULVLQJRIRQO\WKUHHTXHVWLRQVOLNH([FHOOHQW*RRG LQWHUSHUVRQDOVRFLDOVNLOOVHQKDQFHGOHDGHUVKLSVNLOOVLQFUHDVHG
DQG  3RRU 6WXGHQWV KDYH WR UDWH WKHLU OHDUQLQJ E\ FUHDWLYLW\DQGLPSURYHGZULWLQJVNLOOV
HPSKDVL]LQJ WKH EHQHILW RI LPSOHPHQWLQJ 3%/ VWUDWHJ\ ,QWKLVSDSHUWKHH[SHULHQFHRIXVLQJWKHWHFKQLTXHRIPLQL
)HHGEDFNIURPVWXGHQWVZKRDFWLYHO\WRRNSDUWLQWKH03%/
ZDV FROOHFWHG 7KH VWXGHQWV ZHUH JLYHQ DQ RSSRUWXQLW\ WR
FRPPHQW RQ WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI 03%/ LQ WKH IHHGEDFN
IRUP
)URP WKH IHHGEDFN IRUP UHFHLYHG LW LVREVHUYHGWKDW
RI WKH VWXGHQWV KDYH JUDGHG H[FHOOHQW  KDYH JUDGHG JRRG
DQG UHPDLQLQJ  KDYH JLYHQ SRRU UHPDUN 7KLV VKRZV WKDW
LPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI0LQL3UREOHP%DVHG/HDUQLQJKHOSVRI
VWXGHQWVWRDSSO\GHVLJQDQGGHYHORSDVROXWLRQIRUWKHUHDOOLIH
DSSOLFDWLRQ XVLQJ WKHLU OHDUQLQJ VNLOOV  SHUFHQWDJH RI WKH
VWXGHQWVLVXQDEOHWRVHHWKHEHQHILWVRI03%/+RZHYHUWKHVH
 RI WKH VWXGHQWV FDQ GHILQLWHO\ MRLQ WKH WHDP FRQVLVWLQJ RI
SURMHFWEDVHG OHDUQLQJ 03%/ DV D NH\ SHGDJRJLFDO PHWKRG
IRU WHDFKLQJ D FRXUVH $GYDQFHG 'DWD %DVH 0DQDJHPHQW
6\VWHP ZLWKLQ WKH FRQWH[W RI D 0DVWHU¶V SURJUDPPH LV
UHSRUWHG 7KH SRVLWLYH IHHGEDFN IURP WKH VWXGHQWV SURYHV WKDW
WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI 03%/ LV D VXFFHVVIXO SHGDJRJLFDO
PHWKRG WR SUHSDUH RXU VWXGHQWV UHDG\ IRU WKH VW FHQWXU\
UHTXLUHPHQWV+HQFH3URMHFWEDVHGOHDUQLQJFDQEHFRQVLGHUHG
DQH[WUHPHO\HIIHFWLYHPHWKRGWKDWHPSRZHUVVWXGHQWVWROHDUQ
ERWK WKH IXQGDPHQWDO FRQFHSWV DQG SULQFLSOHV DQG WR GHYHORS
DQ XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI KRZ WKH\ DUH XWLOL]HG LQ DSSOLHG
HQJLQHHULQJWRVROYHGHVLJQSUREOHPV,WDOVRSURYLGHVWKHPDQ
RSSRUWXQLW\ WR XQGHUVWDQGGHVLJQV IURP D V\VWHPV SHUVSHFWLYH
274
Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, Special Issue: Jan. 2015, eISSN 2394-1707
IRU WHFKQLFDO FKDOOHQJHV LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI JOREDO VRFLHWDO
HFRQRPLFDQGHQYLURQPHQWDOUHTXLUHPHQWV+HQFHWKHDXWKRUV
FODLPWKDWWKHLQWHJUDWLRQRIPLQLSURMHFWEDVHGOHDUQLQJKDVWR
EHLQFOXGHGLQWHDFKLQJOHDUQLQJSURFHVVIRUDWOHDVWRQHVXEMHFW
LQVHFRQGDQGWKLUG\HDURIXQGHUJUDGXDWHSURJUDPDQGDWOHDVW
RQHVXEMHFWLQHYHU\VHPHVWHURISRVWJUDGXDWHSURJUDP
5()(5(1&(6
>@ )HOGHU50DQG5%UHQW³'HVLJQLQJDQG7HDFKLQJ&RXUVHVWR6DWLVI\
WKH$%(7(QJLQHHULQJ&ULWHULD´-RXUQDORI(QJLQHHULQJ(GXFDWLRQ9RO
1RSS
>@ %OXPHQIHOG 3& ( 6RORZD\ 5: 0DU[ -6 .UDMFLN 0 *X]GLDO
DQG $ 3DOLQVFDU ³0RWLYDWLQJ 3URMHFW%DVHG /HDUQLQJ 6XVWDLQLQJ WKH
'RLQJ 6XSSRUWLQJ WKH /HDUQLQJ´ (GXFDWLRQDO 3V\FKRORJLVW 9RO 
SS
>@ %ULWR & DQG & 7HQHQWH ³:RUNLQJ ZLWK 3URMHFWV LQ (QJLQHHULQJ
(GXFDWLRQ´ 3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH  $6(( $QQXDO &RQIHUHQFH
(QJLQHHULQJ(GXFDWLRQWR6HUYHWKH:RUOG-XQHSS
>@ 6SDG\:*&LWHGE\*ODWWKRUQ$$3HUVSHFWLYHVDQG 
LPSHUDWLYHV RXWFRPHEDVHG HGXFDWLRQ UHIRUP DQG WKH FXUULFXOXP >@ :RRGV '5 3UREOHPEDVHG /HDUQLQJ +RZ WR *DLQ WKH 0RVW IURP
SURFHVV-RXUQDORI&XUULFXOXPDQG6XSHUYLVLRQSS 3%/:RRGV3XEOLVKLQJ:DWHUGRZQ
>@ :RUPOH\ '1 ³&KDOOHQJHV LQ &XUULFXOXP 5HQHZDO´ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO >@ 5XTD\\DK ,VPDLO 1RU +DIL]DK +DQLV $EGXOODK )DUL] $VZDQ $KPDG
-RXUQDO(QJLQHHULQJ(GXFDWLRQ9R1RSS =DNZDQ%DGUXO1L]DP,VPDLO:DQ1RRUOL5D]DOL³7KH,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ
>@ 1XUXO , 6DUNDU .UDVVLH 3HWURYD´0LQL SURMHFW EDVHG OHDUQLQJ DV DQ RI 3UREOHP %DVHG /HDUQLQJ 3%/ E\ XVLQJ ),/$ )RUP LQ 0HDVXULQJ
HIIHFWLYH WRRO IRU WHDFKLQJ &RPSXWHU 1HWZRUNV IRU *UDGXDWH 6WXGHQWV´ 6WXGHQW¶V /LIH /RQJ /HDUQLQJ´ 7KH WK ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 5HVHDUFK
,QWHUQDWLRQDO -RXUQDO RI ,QIRUPDWLRQ DQG &RPPXQLFDWLRQ 7HFKQRORJ\ 6\PSRVLXP RQ 3UREOHP%DVHG /HDUQLQJ ,563%/  SS 
(GXFDWLRQ 9ROXPH  ,VVXH  HGLWHG E\ /DZUHQFH $ 7RPHL ‹ 
,*,*OREDO-DQXDU\0DUFK
 








275