A.4 Numerical Evaluation of Integrals
In this section, we discuss techniques for numerically evaluating integrals for
solving first-order differential equations.
1. Trapezvidal rate (two-point) (Figure A.2). This method is one of the
simplest and most approximate. as it uses the integrand evaluated at
the limits of integration to evaluate the integral:
x h
[ seoae= Sy) s7e5)) (A-18)
when hl =X; ~ X5.2. Simpson's one-third rule (three-point) (Figure A.3). A more accurate
‘evaluation of the integral can be found with the application of Simp-
son's ule
[pars fraa saa eve) wy
where
Mathodst sive
103)
toa)
foe)
+00) t
i A x0)
Figure A2 Thapcrial nilsson, Figure A Sinipson’stre-poit ule
irae,
3. Simpson's three-eighths rule (lour-poin) (Figure A). An improved
version of Simpson's one-third rule can be made by applying Simp:
son's three-eighthe rule:
JP yenae= pues) #37089 4/05) (a2)
where
100
a
Xe eS
Figure AA Simpsons four-point ae ilasvion,
4. Five-point quadrature formula.
[Mronar= tara trate «annwhere ft =
5. For N+ I points, where (1/3) isan imager,
[[™ PHA 32H
STAM Am Ms Hel (22)
where f
6. For N+ | points, where Nis even,
[21 e Bae 42H AK 1B Hot sO
(a2)
where
These formulas are useful in illustrating how the reaction engineering
Integrals and coupled ODEs [ordinary differential equation(s)| ean be solved
and also when there isan ODE solver power failure or some axher malfunction,