Q2 

(a) (i) w = 4 − i
2007 Extension 2 Solution (by Terry Lee)  (ii) w − z = 4 − i − (4 + i ) = −2i
z 4+i (4 + i ) 2 15 + 8i
Q1  (iii) = = = .
w 4 − i (4 − i )(4 + i ) 17
1 1 −1 2 x
(a) ∫ 9 − 4x 2
dx =
2
sin
3
+ C. ⎛ π
(b) (i) 1 + i = 2 ⎜ cos + i sin ⎟
π⎞
⎝ 4 4⎠
tan 3 x
(b) ∫ tan 2 x sec 2 x dx = + C. 17 ⎛ 17π 17π ⎞  
(ii) (1 + i ) = 2 ⎜ cos + i sin
17
3 ⎟
π π ⎝ 4 4 ⎠

∫ x cos x dx = [ x sin x ]0 −
∫
π
(c) sin x dx ⎛ π π⎞
0 0 = 256 2 ⎜ cos + i sin ⎟
⎝ 4 4⎠
= [ cos x ]0 = −2
π

⎛ 1 1 ⎞
3 = 256 2 ⎜ +i ⎟
⎝ 2 2⎠
∫
4 x
(d) dx.
0 1− x = 256 + 256i.
Let u 2 = 1 − x, 2u du = − dx.
(c) Let z = x + iy.
3 1
When x = 0, u = 1; when x = , u = . 1 1 1 1
4 2 + = +
1 1 z z x + iy x − iy
1− u2
∫ (−2udu ) = −2
∫ (1 − u ) du x − iy + x + iy
2 2 2

u =
x2 + y 2
1 1
1
⎡ u3 ⎤ 2x
= 2 ⎢u − ⎥ = 2
⎣ 3 ⎦1 x + y2
2

⎡⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎤ =1
= 2 ⎢⎜ 1 − ⎟ − ⎜ − ⎟ ⎥ ∴ 2x = x2 + y2 .
⎣⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 2 24 ⎠ ⎦
5 x2 − 2 x + y2 = 0
= .
12 ( x − 1) 2 + y 2 = 1.
⎛ 1 1 ⎞
∫ ∫
2 2
2 x The locus is the circle of centre (1,0), radius 1, but
(e) dx = 1 ⎜ − 2 + 2 ⎟dx
x + x + x +1
1 3
⎝ x +1 x +1 x +1⎠
2
2 2
excluding the origin as z ≠ 0.
⎡ ⎤
2
⎛ π π⎞
1
= ⎢ln( x + 1) − ln( x 2 + 1) + tan −1 x ⎥ (d) (i) OQ = OR rotates 60°,∴ z2 = a ⎜ cos + i sin ⎟ = ω a.
⎣ 2 ⎦1 ⎝ 3 3⎠
(ii) OP = OR rotates (−60°),
2

3 1 5 1
= ln − ln + tan −1 2 − tan −1   ⎛ −π −π ⎞ ⎛ π π⎞
1.5 2 1.25 2 ∴ z1 = a ⎜ cos + i sin ⎟ = a ⎜ cos − i sin ⎟
1 1 ⎝ 3 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 3⎠
= ln 2 − ln 4 + tan −1 2 − tan −1 π π ⎞⎛ π π⎞
⎛
2 2 ∴ z1 z2 = a 2 ⎜ cos + i sin ⎟ ⎜ cos − i sin ⎟
1 ⎝ 3 3 ⎠⎝ 3 3⎠
= tan −1 2 − tan −1
2 ⎛ π π⎞
= a 2 ⎜ cos 2 + sin 2 ⎟
For discussion: This answer can be simplified further as ⎝ 3 3⎠
3
tan −1 , but I wonder whether we must do it (since it has =a .2
 
4 ⎛ π π⎞ ⎛ π π⎞
4 marks) (iii) z1 + z2 = a ⎜ cos + i sin ⎟ + a ⎜ cos − i sin ⎟
⎝ 3 3⎠ ⎝ 3 3⎠
π
= 2a cos = a.
3
∴ z1 and z2 are the roots of z 2 − az + a 2 , since ∑ α = a,
and ∏ α = a 2 .

   

1  2007 Extension 2 Solution (by Terry Lee)  
 
Q3  (c) δ V = 2π xyδ x.

∫ xy dx
e
(a) (i) V = 2π
1

 
∫ x x dx
e
ln x
= 2π
(−1,1)  (1,1)  1
 
∫
e
= 2π ln x dx
  1
e
= 2π ⎡⎣ x ln x − x ⎤⎦
1
 
= 2π ( (e − e) − (0 − 1) )
  = 2π u 3 .
(2,−2)
 
(d) (i) Horizontally, F cos θ − N sin θ = mrω 2
  (ii) ∴ N sin θ = F cos θ − mrω 2 (1)
Vertically, F sin θ + N cos θ = mg
  ∴ N cos θ = mg − F sin θ (2)
(1) × sin θ + (2) × cos θ gives
 
N = F cos θ sin θ − mrω 2 sin θ + mg cos θ − F sin θ cos θ
(−1,1)  (1,1) 
  = mg cos θ − mrω 2 sin θ
(ii) N > 0 then mg cos θ > mrω 2 sin θ
   
g cos θ
∴ω 2 <
  (iii) It’s the same as adding f(x) with −x. r sin θ
g
= cot θ .
  (−1,2)  r

 
(−2,0) 
 
(1,0) 
 

y
(b) Let y = 2 x,∴ x =
2
Substituting to the equation,
y3 5 y
− +3 = 0
8 2
y 3 − 20 y + 24 = 0.
∴ The required cubic is y 3 − 20 y + 24 or x3 − 20 x + 24.

2  2007 Extension 2 Solution (by Terry Lee)  
 
Q4  (d) (i) ∑ α = α − α + β = β = −q.
(a) ∠LAM = ∠LAP + ∠PAB + ∠BAM Substituting x by − q gives − q 3 + q 3 − qr + s = 0.
But ∠LAP = ∠LBP (angles subtending the same arc are ∴ qr = s.
equal) ⎛ s⎞
(ii) By inspection, x3 + qx 2 + rx + s = ( x + q ) ⎜ x 2 + ⎟  
∠LBP = ∠MBQ (vertically opposite angles) ⎝ q⎠
∠MBQ = ∠MAQ (angles subtending the same arc are s s
∴ x = −q or x 2 = − , i.e. x = ±i ,∴ There are two
equal) q q
∴∠LAM = ∠PAB + ∠BAM + ∠MAQ imaginary roots.
= ∠PAQ.
 
(b) (i) sin3θ = sin(2θ + θ )    
= sin 2θ cos θ + cos 2θ sin θ
= 2sin θ cos 2 θ + (cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ ) sin θ
= 3sin θ cos 2 θ − sin 3 θ .
(ii) 3sinθ cos 2 θ − sin 3 θ
= sin θ ( 3cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )

= sin θ ( 3 cos θ + sin θ )( 3 cos θ − sin θ )

⎛ 3 1 ⎞⎛ 3 1 ⎞
= 4sin θ ⎜⎜ cos θ + sin θ ⎟⎜ ⎟⎜ 2 cos θ − sin θ ⎟⎟
⎝ 2 2 ⎠⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛1 3 ⎞⎛ 1 3 ⎞
= 4sin θ ⎜⎜ sin θ + cos θ ⎟⎜
⎟⎜ − sin θ + cos θ ⎟⎟
⎝2 2 ⎠⎝ 2 2 ⎠
⎛ π π⎞
= 4sin θ ⎜ sin θ cos + cos θ sin ⎟
⎝ 3 3⎠
⎛ 2π 2π ⎞
× ⎜ sin θ cos + cos θ sin ⎟
⎝ 3 3 ⎠
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ 2π ⎞
= 4sin θ sin ⎜ θ + ⎟ sin ⎜ θ + ⎟.
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ 2π ⎞ 1
(iii) sin θ sin ⎜ θ + ⎟ sin ⎜ θ + ⎟ = sin 3θ .
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠ 4
1
∴ Its maximum value is .
4  

(c) The slice PQRS has side length e − x.

Its area = (e − x) 2 .
δ V = (e − x ) 2 δ y
= (e − ey ) δ y
2

= ( e2 − 2e y +1 + e2 y ) δ y

∫ ( e − 2e + e 2 y ) dy
1
y +1
∴V = 2

0
1
 
⎡ 1 ⎤
= ⎢e 2 y − 2e y +1 + e 2 y ⎥
⎣ 2 ⎦0
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
= ⎜ e 2 − 2e2 + e 2 ⎟ − ⎜ −2e + ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
1 2 1
= − e + 2e −
2 2
−e 2 + 4e − 1
= units3 .
2

3  2007 Extension 2 Solution (by Terry Lee)  
 
Q5  (c) (i) ( x − 1)(5 − x ) = −5 + 6 x − x 2
12
C3 × 12 C3 = 4 − ( x − 3) 2 .
(a) (i) = 0.36
24
C6 ∴ a = 3, b = 2.
C4 × C2 + C5 × C1 + C6
∫ ∫
12 12 12 12 12 5 5

(ii) 24
= 0.32.   (ii) ( x − 1)(5 − x )dx = 4 − ( x − 3) 2 dx.
C6 1 1

1 1 Let x − 3 = 2sin θ , dx = 2 cos θ dθ .  

Alternatively, − × 0.36 = 0.32.
2 2 π π
When x = 1, θ = − ; When x = 5, θ = .
2 2
π π
x2 y 2
(b) (i) Differentiating both sides of − =1 ,
∫ 4 − 4sin θ 2 cos θ dθ =
∫ 4 cos 2 θ dθ
2 2 2
a2 b2 −
π
−
π
2 2
2 x 2 y dy
− =0.
a 2 b 2 dx π

=2
∫ (cos 2θ + 1) dθ
2
2
dy b x
∴ = . −
π
dx a 2 y 2
π
b2 x ⎡ sin 2θ ⎤2
∴The gradient to the curve at P ( x1 , y1 ) is 2 1 . = 2⎢ +θ ⎥
a y1 ⎣ 2 ⎦−π
2

The equation of the tangent: = 2π .

b 2 x1
y − y1 = ( x − x1 ) .
a 2 y1 π π
(d) (i) AC = 2 AF = 2 cos . Similarly, AD = 2 cos .
a y1 y − a y = b x1 x − b x .
2 2
1
2 2 2
1
2 5 5
The angle sum of a polygon = ( n − 2)π ,∴ the
b 2 x1 x − a 2 y1 y = b 2 x12 − a 2 y12 .
angle sum of the pentagon = 3π .
x1 x y1 y x12 y12 3π
− 2 = 2 − 2 , on dividing both sides by a 2 b 2 . ∴∠BAE = .
a2 b a b 5
x1 x y1 y π
∴ − 2 = 1, since ( x1 , y1 ) belongs to the ellipse. ∴∠CAD = .
a2 b 5
(ii) T ( x0 , y0 ) belongs to both TP and TQ, ∴its coordinates must By the Cosine rule,
satisfy both the tangents at P and Q, i.e. π
CD 2 = AC 2 + AD 2 − 2 AC. AD.cos
x1 x0 y1 y0 xx y y 5
2
− 2 = 1 and 2 2 0 − 2 2 0 = 1. π π π π
a b a b 1 = 4 cos 2
+ 4 cos 2
− 2 × 4 cos 2
cos
5 5 5 5
xx0 yy0
∴The equation of PQ must be − 2 = 1, as (x,y) can be π
a2 b 1 = 8u 2 − 8u 3 , given u = cos .
5
replaced by ( x1 , y1 ) or ( x2 , y2 ) .
∴ 8u 3 − 8u 2 + 1 = 0.
(iii) Substituting ( x, y ) by (ae,0)  
(ii) 8u 3 − 8u 2 + 1 = (2u − 1)(4u 2 − 2u − 1).
aex0
−0 =1 1± 5
a2 Solving 4u 2 − 2u − 1 = 0 gives u = .
  4
a
∴ x0 = . π 1+ 5 π
e ∴ cos = , since cos > 0.
∴ T lies in the directrix. 5 4 5

   

4  2007 Extension 2 Solution (by Terry Lee)  
 
Q6  ⎛ e1.4t − e −1.4t ⎞
2

(ii) v 2 = 49 ⎜ 1.4t −1.4 t ⎟

(a) (i) Let a = b = 1, ⎝e +e ⎠
⎛n⎞ ⎛n⎞ ⎛n⎞ ⎛e +e
2.8t −2.8t
−2⎞
2n = 1 + ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ + ... + ⎜ ⎟ = 49 ⎜ 2.8t ⎟
−2.8t
⎝1⎠ ⎝2⎠ ⎝n⎠ ⎝e +e +2⎠
⎛n⎞ ⎛ e2.8t + e −2.8t + 2 − 4 ⎞
∴ 2n > ⎜ ⎟ , for all n ≥ 2.   = 49 ⎜ 2.8t
⎝2⎠ −2.8t ⎟
⎝ e +e +2 ⎠
n(n − 1) ⎛ ⎛
(ii) From (i) above, 2n > ⎞ ⎞
2
2
= 49 ⎜1 − ⎜ 1.4t
⎜ ⎝ e + e−1.4t ⎟⎠ ⎟⎟
2  
1 2 ⎝ ⎠
<
2 n
n(n − 1) x e1.4t + e−1.4t e1.4t + e −1.4t x
But = ln ,∴ = e5 ,
5 2 2
2
1 4 ⎛ 2 ⎞ −
2x
< ∴ ⎜ 1.4t =
⎟
5
n −1 e .
2 n(n − 1) ⎝e +e
−1.4 t
⎠
n + 2 4(n + 2) ⎛ 2x
⎞
< . −
∴ v 2 = 49 ⎜1 − e 5 ⎟
2n −1 n(n − 1)
⎝ ⎠
(iii) Let n = 1, LHS = 1, RHS = 4 − 3 = 1,∴ true!
Assume the statement is true for n = k ,
d ⎛ 1 2 ⎞ 49 d ⎛ −
2x
⎞
k −1 x=
(iii)  ⎜ v ⎟= ⎜1 − e 5 ⎟
k +2
2
⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞ dx ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 dx ⎝ ⎠
1 + 2 ⎜ ⎟ + 3 ⎜ ⎟ + ... + k ⎜ ⎟ = 4−
⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠ 2k −1
49 2 − 25x
= × e
k +3
2 k
⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞ 2 5
∴ RTP 1 + 2 ⎜ ⎟ + 3 ⎜ ⎟ + ... + (k + 1) ⎜ ⎟ = 4 − k
⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠ 2 49 − 25x
2 k −1 k = e
⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞ 5
LHS = 1 + 2 ⎜ ⎟ + 3 ⎜ ⎟ + ... + k ⎜ ⎟ + (k + 1) ⎜ ⎟
⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠ 49 ⎛ v 2 ⎞
= ⎜1 − ⎟
k+2 ⎛1⎞
k 5 ⎝ 49 ⎠
= 4 − k −1 + (k + 1) ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎝2⎠ = 9.8 − 0.2v 2 .  
k + 2 −k − 1 (iv) − 0.2v is the air resistance.
2
= 4 − k −1 − k
2 2 As its velocity increases from 0 to its terminal velocity u
2(k + 2) − k − 1
= 4− its acceleration decreases from 9.8 to zero.
2k
9.8
k +3 (v) Its terminal velocity is v = = 7 m/s.
= 4− k 0.2
2
= RHS.
 
∴ It's true for n = k + 1.
∴ It's true for n ≥ 1.
n + 2 4(n + 2)
(iv) From (ii), < .  
2n −1 n(n − 1)
4(n + 2) n+2
As n → ∞, → 0+ ,∴ n −1 → 0+
n(n − 1) 2
2
⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞
∴ The limiting sum of 1 + 2 ⎜ ⎟ + 3 ⎜ ⎟ + ... is 4.
⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠

dx 1.4e1.4t − 1.4e−1.4t
(b) (i) v = =5
dt e1.4t + e−1.4t
e − e −1.4t
1.4 t
= 7 1.4t .
e + e −1.4t
 

5  2007 Extension 2 Solution (by Terry Lee)  
 
Q7  ∴ φ = π − 2θ , since φ ≠ 0.
(a) (i) Let g ( x) = sin x − x π
(iv) As φ → 0, π − 2θ → 0,∴θ → .
g ′( x ) = cos x − 1 < 0 for x > 0,∴ g ( x) is decreasing 2
for all x > 0.
PS PN
When x = 0, g (0) = 0, (c) (i) Since PS = ePN , =e = e cos β .
PR PR
∴ g ( x) < 0
PS ′ PM  
∴ sin x − x < 0 (ii) Similarly, =e = e cos β .
PW PW
∴ sin x < x for x > 0. PS PS ′
∴ = .
x3 PR PW
(ii) f ( x) = sin x − x + .
6 PS PS ′
In ΔPRS , = cos(∠RPS ), in ΔPWS ′, = cos(∠WPS ′),
x2 PR PW
f ′( x ) = cos x − 1 + .
2 ∴∠RPS = ∠WPS ′.
f ′′( x) = − sin x + x.
From (i), f ′′( x) > 0,∴ f ( x) is concave up.  
(iii) As f ′′( x) > 0, f ′( x) is increasing. When x = 0, f ′(0) = 0,
   
∴ f ′( x) > 0.
As f ( x) is concave up and its gradient is positive, f ( x) > 0.
x3
∴ sin x − x + > 0.
6
x3  
∴ sin x > x − .
6

(b) (i) In ΔPUR and ΔQVR,

∠R is common,
∠PUR = ∠QVR = 90°,
∴ ΔPUR ||| ΔQVR.
PR PU
∴ = (corresponding sides in similar triangles  
QR QV
are proportional).
(ii) But PS = ePU , and QS = eQV ,
PU ePU PS
= = .
QV eQV QS

sin(φ + θ ) PR
(iii) In ΔPRS , = . (1)
sin α PS
sin θ QR
In ΔQRS , = . (2)
sin α QS
(1) sin(φ + θ ) PR QS
gives = ×
(2) sin θ PS QR
PR QS
= ×
QR PS
= 1, from (i) and (ii).  
∴ sin(φ + θ ) = sin θ
∴ φ + θ = θ or π − θ

6  2007 Extension 2 Solution (by Terry Lee)  
 
Q8  π
(iii) Let θ = , by considering the imaginary parts in
(a) (i) Let u = a − x, du = −dx. 2n
When x = 0, u = a; When x = a, u = 0. part (ii),
π
∫ ∫
a 0
sin
f ( x)dx = f (a − u ) (− du ) π 2π (n − 1)π 2 sin (n − 1)π
sin + sin ... + sin =
0 a
n n n π 2n  
sin
∫
a
= f (a − u ) du 2n
0 π
sin
2 sin ⎛ π − π ⎞ = 1 cos π = cot π .
∫
a
= f (a − x) dx. = ⎜ ⎟
π ⎝ 2 2n ⎠ sin π 2n 2n
0 sin
2n 2n
1⎛ a ⎞
∫ ∫ ∫
a a
(ii) f ( x)dx = ⎜ f ( x)dx + f (a − x)dx ⎟
2⎝ 0 ⎠
0 0
π 2π (n − 1)π
sin + sin + ... + sin
∫
a
=
1
2 0
( f ( x) + f (a − x) ) dx (c) (i) d1 + d 2 + ... + d n −1 = n n
π
n
sin
n
2∫
a
1
= f (a)dx π
0 cos
2n
∫
a
1
= f (a ) dx π π
2 cot sin
0
2n = 2n 1
= = .
1
= f (a ) × ⎡⎣ x ⎦⎤
a π π π π
sin 2sin cos 2sin 2  
2 0
  n 2n 2n 2n
a
= f (a ).
p n π
(ii) = = 2n 2 sin 2 .
2 q 1 1 2n
×
n 2sin 2 π
(b) (i) This is a GP, with a = 1, r = z 2 . 2n
1 π π
z n +1 − p π2
sin 2 sin
z −1 2n → 1, p → π .
2n 2
n −1 2n .As n → ∞,
Sn = = z n −1 z (iii) =
z2 −1 z2 −1 q 2 π2 π q 2
⎛ n 1 ⎞ 4n 2 2n
⎜z − n ⎟z
n −1 ⎝ z ⎠
=z
⎛ 1 ⎞
⎜z− ⎟z
⎝ z⎠
z n − z − n n −1
= z .
z − z −1
(ii) Let z = cos θ + i sin θ , by De Moivre's theorem,
z n = cos nθ + i sin nθ .
z − n = cos(− nθ ) + i sin(−nθ ) = cos nθ − i sin nθ , as
cos x is even, and sin x is odd.
∴ LHS = 1 + cos 2θ + ... + cos(2n − 2)θ
+ i ( sin 2θ + ... + sin(2n − 2)θ ) .
cos nθ + i sin nθ − ( cos nθ − i sin nθ )
RHS =
cos θ + i sin θ − ( cos θ − i sin θ )
× ⎡⎣ cos(n − 1)θ + i sin(n − 1)θ ⎤⎦
2i sin nθ
= × ⎡cos(n − 1)θ + i sin(n − 1)θ ⎤⎦
2i sin θ ⎣
sin nθ
= × ⎡ cos(n − 1)θ + i sin(n − 1)θ ⎦⎤ .
sin θ ⎣

 
7  2007 Extension 2 Solution (by Terry Lee)