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Chapter 3 - Microbiological Methods Analysis in
Food
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Microbiological Bacteriological
Examination of… Analytical Manu…
 
Dairy Products (BAM) _ BAM_

BCS 3214 FOOD MICROBIOLOGY

CHAPTER 3

MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS
ANALYSIS IN FOOD

1 CULTURE, MICROSCOPIC AND SAMPLING METHOD

PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, MOLECULAR &
IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS
BIO-ELECTRONIC MOLECULAR METHODS
BIOASSAYS AND RELATED METHODS

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 W HY WE NEED TO EXAMINE FOOD?

1. Help one assess the safety of 

food consumers
 2. To know the level of 
sanitation used during
handling.

3.  Assess the stability/ shelf life

of food under normal storage
2

condition.

4. To know the whether the

foods/ ingredients meet
the normal standard/
guidelines/ specification

5. Help to determine the source/ load/ type of 

microorganisms in foods.

6. The examination of raw ingredients also

provide information about heat processing
parameters that would be necessary to meet
the microbiological standard. 3

 Criteria for Choice of Methods Search 

1. Accuracy
    2. Sensitivity or threshold
Save Info Embed Print 3. Reliability
4. Precision: repeatability and reproducibility
5. Easy of implementation
6. Equipment/operating cost

7.
8. Speed
Official
4

Traditional or conventional methods??

Traditional or conventional
 Standardized methods e.g. ISO methods
 THE GOLDEN STANDARDS!!!
Developed historically

International consensus
 Large volumes of materials
  Time consuming
 Laborious 5

Conventional Methods: Enumeration

Colony count method

 Serial dilution
Inoculation on growth media
 Spread plates
 Pour plates
 Counting colonies on agar plates

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
Conventional Methods: Detection
Pathogens! (low numbers, sub-lethally injured,
Microbiological Bacteriological metodos Food Rapid Standard
heterogenious distribution in foods)
Examination of… Analytical Manu… microbiologicos Microbiology Microbiological… Methods for
Dairy Products (BAM) _ BAM_ Methods in the Examination
Resuscitation phase = pre-enrichment
Enrichment phase
Isolation of the pathogen

Identification/confirmation

 
 Rapid methods

B ased on Golden standard:

be defined as any method or sys
  the time taken to obtain a micro
result. (Feng, 1996; Fung,
Rapid method:
 Save time  produce results in
 Same (or greater) sensitivity,
1. Culture Methods - Spiral Plater,
Savings
 grid of Redigel®
plates, space and materials
2. Physical Methods  Microcalorime
 Reduction in human errors and
Fluorescence microscopy, Flow cyt
scanning.
3. Chemical / Biochemical Methods
Radiometry, Lux Gene Luminescenc
 Assay 
4. Molecular Methods  Serotyping,
Based Technology, Polymerase Cha
Based Technology, Multilocus Enzy
Restriction Enzyme analysis of plas
Ribotyping
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