"8 microwave frequencies, microwave devices are following microwave Parameters namely * Sparameters * Power 1 Frequency and wavelength * Phase shift characterized by the * Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (vswr) * Noise figure + Q-factor * Attenuation 82, Measuring Instruments stun, mesma oto Test (DUT). The above messed instruments and one. inicrowave parameters are measurec instruments lent system consists of one od by using the + VSWR meter + Power meter * Spectrum analyzer + Network analyzer ©F more measuring following measuring %e8.3. Principle of Operation and Application of vsyp. Meter + VSWR meters are widely ued to measure VSWR. VSWR I dota ag the rato Between the maximum votage to minimum voltage, fected Figure 5.4 VSWR mete Power transmitted 4 For any Input voltage the arp up tap meni dnt tems of VSWR. The input ofthe VSWR meter he dreced oper wotage ofthe tuned detector hes fey acones aie pinciple of Operation 1 Ais tis noticed that, FSR ss0 foraperecty matched network for short and open crus and mismatched exci + 1s a measue of how well the components of the RF notwoik se ‘matched in impedance, Standing waves occur, whan + Impedances arenetiderical + Signal loss dung ansmission + Poor reception + Larger the impedance mizmatch 1 VSWR meters are widely used to dtr that is being reflected back fo tne tarsrteoiee compre To ‘amount that is being set out ding tarsmssion. ihe nis igh ‘souroe wil surely damage rg fra VSWR mer were a tain «The mas sand ey is 4:4 Le the power reaches the can withstand is 15:1. The ideal rating estination and without ees. + Construction ‘+ The typical VSWR meter is shown in Figure 51, It's a highgain, bx noise ampli. Is tuned to the modulating frequency of the micowse signal (1 KH2). The display panel ofthe meer consists of tree sos + Types of SWR meters (a) Direcianal SHR me fo) SHR Be ct + ports sex an a * A directional SWR meter is gene separately. wit + the reading of VSWR meter is between 1 and 4, then the top n03) gems each 'SWR scale can be sed. Ifthe VSWR is between 3 and 10, the I scales Used. If the VSWR s smaller than 1.3, the expanded SWR = isused, the transmitted and the help of directional cour > The circuit eiagram of 28 ern ir pete the gr, bw rot Coe rt intemal transmission! ‘wo directional coup + To measure the VSWR, the meter needle is intially ajusted to 1 #8 Placing the pre in Vrae Peston witha the guide. The gain cont! Is used for making this adjustment,___ ar and cron PP sons of VSNR moe ts at ert” 5 Laboratories + Live creuts (Lie tela Rail guides, anges ana 1+ Telecomnmunia = ee ‘# Microwave based: 4. principle of Operation and Apnicstion of poner meter Merowave POWET MEI 30 wie ux 1+ The drectional couplers are then connected to the resistors at one eng" any microwave systems. Power messin and code rectors atthe ether end waiver sensitivity ort don hy Figure 6.2 Schomatic diagram of directional VSWR motor “Tho resistors hopin matching he characteris impedance ofthe sensing Mf, a Microwave frequencies measuenen fines The diode helps converting the magnitudes of the foward acl" n'the, propagation of Niowave pore 5s. These DC voltages wi then te Mf magnetic fel [and H, can be sxe Soother vith he hep of capac etal Microwave power measurements ar sicongishes calbrated power detectorisensos () SWR bridge circuit +A typical impedance bridge is bul for determining the SWR impedance fj microwave power into heat ety ‘The test impedance is increased unt te bridge circu is balanced, ie te ' test impedance wil be equal to the reference impedance, This conversion resus int electrical parameters. As 2 es. ‘+ Thus, wth the help of abridge circuit we can know whether a SWR's Ml This current flow in the cist present or not. power in the display. in un, chang seed and clad 1 ese ‘+ Probloms with VSWR meters + Construction ‘+ VSWR meter cannot measure reactance and resistance corns te acl power-on og tot, wich wich + Reading must be accurate. * Meonsists of a measuing Pe On ee Wh + Itmustbe ecient efement, connected v8 ‘+ Ttmust be connected very near fo the antenna and further away fom tH Power reading. ant. Vsious pave $8 lead. The value of SWR wi Be more, whan ts conectod nearer | a scent Ho load. oe * The head is referred 38 2 P* ‘power I ct feu . fe generally used fe i a Internal diodes of an. SWR meter te armonics while ler may generate ha Fe !ransmiting and produce intermodulation products during reception. ‘gure 5.3,