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Alineando Las TI Con La Estrategia Del Negocio PDF
Alineando Las TI Con La Estrategia Del Negocio PDF
ASSESSING
IT/BUSINESS ALIGNMENT
Jerry Luftman
Alignment is the perennial business chart-topper on top-ten lists of IT issues. What foliows is
a methodology developed by the author for assessing a company's alignment. Modeled after
the Capability Maturity Model developed by Carnegie Mellon's Software Engineering Institute,
but focused on a more strategic set of business practices, this tool has been successfully
tested at more than 50 Global 2000 companies and is currently the subject of a benchmaricing
study sponsored by the Society for Information Management and The Conference Board. The
primary objective of the assessment is to identify specific recommendations for improving the
alignment of IT and the business.
Alignment Level 5:
CrIterion. Level 1: Level 2: Level 3: Level 4: Optimal Process
Communications With Process Beginning Establishing Improved (Complete
Maturity (No Alignment) Process Process Process Alignment)
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ALIGNING ITWITH THE BUSINESS STRATEGY
Alignment Level 5:
Criterion: Level 1: Level 2: Level 3: Level 4: Optimal Process
Communications With Process Beginning Establishing Improved (Complete
Maturity (No Alignment) Process Process Process Alignment)
Senior-Level IT Do not have Meet informally as Formal committees Proven to be Also includes
Steering needed meet regularly effective external partner3
Comrmittee
How Projects Are React to business Determined by IT Determined by Mutually determined Partners' priorities
Prioritized or IT need function business function are considered
Business Perception Cost of doing Becoming an asset Enables future Drives future Partner with
of IT business business activity business activity business in
creating value
.T's Role in Strategic Not invoived Enables business Drives business Enables or drives IT, business adapt
Business Planning processes processes business strategy quickly to change
Shared Risks and IT takes ail the risks, IT takes most risks IT, business start Risks, rewards Managers incenteJ
Rewards receives no with little reward sharing risks, always shared to take risks
rewards rewards
Managing the IT-business Managed on an ad Processes exist but Processes exist and Processes are
IT-Business relationship is not hoc basis not always complied with continuously
Relationship managed followed improved
Relationship/Trust Conflict and mistrust Transactional IT becoming a Long-term Partner, trusted
Style relationship valued service partnership vendor or IT
provider services
Business Usually none Often have a senior IT and business Business sponsor or CEO is the business
Sponsors/ IT sponsor or sponsor or champion at sponsor or
Champions champion champion at unit corporate level champion
level
Primary Systems Cost of doing Becoming an asset Enabies future Drives future Partner with
business business activity business activity business in
creating value
Standards Not involved Enables business Drives business Enables or drives IT, business adapi
processes processes business strategy quickly to change
Architectural IT takes all the IT takes most risks IT, business start Risks, rewards Managers incented
Integration risks, receives no with little reward sharing risks, aiways shared to take risks
rewards rewards
How IT IT-business Managed on an ad Processes exist but Processes exist and Processes are
Infrastructure Is relationship is not hoc basis not always followed are complied with continuously
Perceived managed improved
Innovative, Discouraged Somewhat Strongly encouraged Also at corporate Also with partners
Entrepreneurial encouraged at unit at unit level level
Environment level
Key IT HR Decisions Top business and iT Same, with emerging Top business and Top business and IT Top management
Made by: management at functional influence unit management; management across firm and
corporate IT advises across firm partners
Change Readiness Tend to resist Change readiness Programs in place at Programs in place at Also proactive an d
change programs functional level corporate level anticipate change
emerging
Career Crossover Job transfers rarely Occasionally occur Regularly occur for Regularly occurat all Also at corporate
Opportunities occur within unit unit management unit levels level
Cross-Functional No opportunities Decided by units Formal programs run Aiso across Also with partner;
Training and Job by all units enterprise
Rotation
Social Interaction Minimal IT-business Strictly a business- Trust and confidence Trust and confidence Attained with
interaction only relationship is starting achieved customers and
partners
Attract and Retain No retention IT hiring focused on Technology and Formal program for Effective program for
Top Talent program; poor technical skills business focus; hiring and hiring and retairning
recruiting retention program retaining
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ALIGNING ITWITH THE BUSINESS STRATEGY
Many finns choose to draw on liaisons to fa- ranks high among the enablers and iihibitors
cilitate this knowledge sharing. The keyword of alignment. Giving the IT function the oppor-
here is "facilitate.' This author has often seen tuanity to have an eqLual role in defining business
facilitators whose role becomes serving as the strategies is obviously important. However,
sole conduit for interaction among the differ- how e-ach organization perceives the contribu-
ent organizations.This approach tends to stifle, tion of the other, the trsust that develops among
rather than foster, effective communications. the participanits, ensuring appropriate businiess
olg Rigid protocols that impede discussions and sponsors and chamupions of IT endeavors, and
beyond the the sharing of ideas should be avoided. the sharing of risks and rewards are all major
traditional contributors to mature alignment.This partner-
Competency/Value Measurements ship should evolve to a point wlhere IT both en-
considerations ables and drives changes to both business
Maturity
aire factors Too many IT organizations cannot demonstrate processes and business strategies. Naturally,
that include their value to the business in terms that the this demancds having a clearly defined vision
business understands. Frequently, business and shared bv the CIO and CEO.
the
IT metrics of v-alue differ. A balanced 'dash-
oreranizations board" that diemonstrates th-e value of If in Technolagy Scope Maturity
cultural and terms of contribution to the business is needed. This set of criteria assesses the extent to which
Service levels that assess If's commitments
Social IT is able to:
to the business often help. However, the ser-
environnment, vice levels must be expressed in terms that the ] Go beyotnd the back office and the front
business understands and accepts.The service office of the organization
levels should be tied to criteria that clearly de- LI Assunme a role suipporting a flexible infra-
fine the rewards and penalties for suwpassing, structure that is transparent to all business
or missing, the objectives. partners anid customers
Frequently, organizations devote significant [: Evaluate and apply emerging technologies
resotrces to measuring performance factors. effectively
However, they spend miuch less of their re- i Enable or drive bulsiness processes and strat-
sources on taking action based on these mea- egies as a true standard
surements. For example, reqjuiring a return on L Provide solutions customizable to customier
investmnent (ROD) before a project begins, but needs
not reviewing hlow well objectives were met af-
ter the project was deploved, provides little Skills Maturity
value to the organization. It is important to This category encompasses all IT huaman re-
continuously assess the performance metrics source considerations. such as how to hire and
criteria to understand (1) the factors that lead fire, motivate, train and educate, and culture.
to missing the criteria and (2) what can be (icing beyond the traditional c onsiderations
learned to imaprove the environment. such as training, salary, performance feedback
and career opportunities, there are factors that
Governance Maturity include the organization's cultural andi social
The considerations for IT governance include, environment. For example, is the organization
how the authoritv for resoturces, risk, conflict readv for change in this dynamic environment?
resolution, and responsibility for IT is shared Do individuals feel personally responsible for
among businiess partners, IT inanagemnent, and business innovation? Can individuals and orga-
service providers. Project selection and priori- nizations learn quickly from their experience?
tization issues are includted here. Ensuring that Does the organization leverage innovative
the appropriate business anid IT participants ideas and the spirit of entrepreneurshp? These
formally discuss and review the priorities andJ are some of the important conditions of mature
allocation of IT resources is aimong the most organizations.
important enablers (or inlhbitors) of align-
ment.This decision-making authority needs to LEVELS OF
ALIGNMENT MATURITY
be clearly defined,
Eachi of the six criteria described anove has a
set of attributes that allow particsular dimen-
Partnership Maturity sions ('orpractices) to be assessed using a rating
The relationship that exists among the business schem-ne of five levels. For example, for the prac-
and IT organizationis is another criterion that tice "Understanding of business by if' uider the
IN F C R NAA Ii '.) N S Y S I E MS NA A N A. (, F M f N T
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ALIGNING ITWITH THE BUSINESS STRATEGY
Average
IPractice Averaged Scores Catgory
Categories Pr'actices 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Score
Communications 1 Understanding of business by IT
2 Understanding of IT by business
3 Organizational learning
4 Style and ease of access
5 Leveraging intellectual assets
6 IT-business liaison sta-f
Competency/ 7 IT metrics
Value
8 Business metrics
Measurements
9 Link between iTand business metrics
10 Service level agreements
11 Benchmarking
12 Forrrmally assess IT investments
13 Continuous improvernent practices
Governance 14 Formal business strategy planning
is Formal iT strategy planning
16 Organizational structure
17 Reporting relationships
18 How IT is budgeted
19 Rationaie for IT spending
20 Senior-level IT steering committee
21 How projects are prioritized
Partnership 22 Business perception of IT
23 IT's role in strategic business planning
24 Shared risks and rewards
25 Managing the IT-business relationship
26 Relationship/trust style
27 Business sponsors/champions
Technoiogy Scope 28 Primary systems
29 Standards
30 Architectural integration
31 How IT infrastructure is perceived
Skills 32 Innovative, entrepreneurial environment
33 Key IT HR decisions made by:
34 Change readiness
35 Career crossover opportunities
36 Cross-functional training and job rotation
37 Social interaction
38 Attract and retain top talent
The overall alignment score can be used as The strategic alignment maturity assess-
a benchmarking aid to compare with other or- ment tool provides a vehicle to evaluate whlere
ganizations. Global 1000 executives who have an organization is, and where it needs to go, to
used this tool for the first time have rated their attain and sustain business-IT alignment. The
organizations, on average, at Level 2 (Begin- careful assessment of a firm's IT-business align-
ning Process), although they typically score at ment maturity is an important step in identify-
Level 3 for a few alignment practices. ing the specific actions necessary to ensure
that IT is being used to appropriately enable or
CONCLUSION drive the business strategy.
Achieving and sustaining IT-business align-
ment continues to be a major issue. Experience Note
shows that no single activity will enable a firm 1. See also Jerry Lufftan, editor, Comnpeting ir the
to attain and sustain alignment. There are too Information Age.Align in the Sand, Oxfor d
many variables. The technology and business University Press, 2003; and Jerry Luftman,
environments are too dynamic. Managing tbe [T Resource, Prentice Hall, 2:003.
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