yoursmahboob.wordpress.com Theory & Problems With Explanations OPES & Aptitude Rae STAB) SCs cud Sed Sey Sa a (Geer ae> ~~ ‘Scanned by CamScanner ‘the chapter of number system is amongst the most important chapter in the whole of Mathematics syllabus for Competitive Examinations: we can consider this chapter as the backbone trmathematics. The students are advised G0 through this chapter with utmost care; ipgeretanding each ard every aspect ofthis op. inthis chapter basic definition of itferentiypes gfnumbers are given. Then on the Basis of tis, various questions with solved examples are gen for sasy understanding: Number System Natural Numbers Counting numbers 4, 2, 9, 4, 8 sesr-vree OFS known as natural numbers. The set of natural numioers can be reprosented byN= (1, 2.3, 4) 5 nd Whole Numbers iiwe include © among the natural numbers, then thenumbers 0, 1, 2.3, 4. Sete. are called whole numbers. Whole number W=(0, 4, 2, 3,4, 5-4 Ceaty, every netural number is a whole number fut0is@ whole number which is not a neterel umber, San cesar MADE EASY oursmahboob.wordpress.com Number System Integers ‘Ail counting numbers and their negatives including zero are known as integers. The sot of integers 8, -2, 1,0, 1,.2.3. 4.1 Positive Integers The sat (1, 2.3, 4, 5... 18 a sat of all positive integers Positive Integars end natural numbers are synonyms. Negative Integers The set [-1, 2-3, ...n) Is. @ set of all negative integers. 0 is neither positive nor negative Rational Numbers The numbers of the form 9/9, where p and q are integers and q#0are known es ational numoets- 25 4 og: BF. g oe Irrational Numbers Those numbers which when expressedin decimal form are neither terminating ner repeating decimals, are known as rational numbers eg. V2,¥8. V5. rete: 2 2 Note: That the exect yaluo ot nis not = ® rational number while js_an irrational number _——— et . Reasoning & Aptitude isyoursmuathboob.wordpress.com,, to 4 equivalent aso consider somo times # this 1% ive and note exact vl ; Soniary 214i not an oxact velUo O valua is also aporoximato value ot Roal Numbers ‘The rational and irrational num! togathor are called real numbers. cs all real 69. Hi. 4 + 12,645 atc. are umbers. The sot of all real numbers are denoted by R. bers combined Complex Numbers Complex numbers can be represented in form of ‘a ib, where a and b are real numbers and i= V1. Thus 3+4i, 6+2i, |, 21 ete aro Complex numbers: Even Numbers Allthose numbers which are exactly divisible by 2erecalied aven numbers. 09.2, 4,6, 8, 10, etc. (Odd Numbers All those numbers which are not exactly divisible by 2are called odd number. Fo. 13,5, 7,9.te Prime Numbers Number civisible by 1 and itself and not divisible Py any other number aro called prime numb. a &3..2.3,5,7, 11 etc, Ne: 2 fs the only Prime number why ich Is Fest all aro oda Prime numbers wen. Composite Numbers, Natural numbers. Gree ater than 1 which Prime are composite numberg mene 90:4, 6,8, 15, otc Co prime Numbory 1 | Ronsoning & Apttuce Scanned by CamScanner ag.: (3, 748, 9) (36, 25) ate Noto: Here 8 & 9.ara N04 PIM ran, they have only one commen fac; So thoy are coprime numbers (6. 18)are coprime numbers decays two common factors io. 1 & 3, bis hon. Test of Divisibility 1. Divisibility by 2 A number is divisible by 2 if tha yp 2070 OF divisible by 2. 09. 22, 42, 84, 3872 etc. 2. Divisibility by3 Annumber is divisible by 3il the sum 9 in the number is divisible by 3 0g.: 2553 Hore 245 +5 +3.= 15, whichis divisbingy S hence 2563 is divisible by 3 3. Divisibility by 4 A number is divisible by 4 if ts last two digt 's divisible by 4, 9g.: 2652, hore 52 is divisible by 4 so 2652 is divisible by 4 09.: 3772, 584, 904 etc 4. Divisibility by number is divisible by 5 if the units digit Number is 0 or 5, @9.: 50, 505, 405 ote 5. Divisibility by 6 ‘A number Is divisible by 6 it tho numibe even and sum of digits is divisible by 3 €9.: 4536 is an even number also sum of dit 44843468 18 is divisible by 5. 99: 72, 8448, 3972 ote 8. Divisibitty by 8 A numbor is divisible by 8 it last vee di! OF Its divisible by 8 0G: 47472 hore 472 is divisiblo by 6 1 {nls number 47472 is divisibla by 8 Wg ign ape tA