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Multiple Choice Practice Objective Questions and Answers On Environmental Science and Ecology PDF
Multiple Choice Practice Objective Questions and Answers On Environmental Science and Ecology PDF
a) Living beings
b) Living and non living components
c) Reciprocal relationship between living and non living components
d) Environment
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a) Ecology of species
b) Ecology of many species
c) Ecology of community
p.
d) All the above
a) Temporary
b) Genetically fixed
c) Genetically not related
d) None of the above
a) Transley
b) Carl Mobius
c) Warming
d) None of the above
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a) Always upright
b) May be upright or invented
c) Always inverted
d) None of the above
a) Unidirectional
b) Bidirectional
c) Multidirectional
d) None of the above
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8. An ecosystem must have continuous external source of
a) minerals
p.
b) energy
c) food
d) All of the above
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9. The source of energy in an ecosystem is
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a) ATP
b) Sunlight
c) D.N.A
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d) R.N.A
a) Only plants
b) only animals
c) Only carnivorous
d) Organisms linked in food chain
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a) The community of organisms together with the environment in which
they live
b) The abiotic component of a habitat
c) The part of the earth and its atmosphere which inhibits living
organisms
d) A community of organisms interacting with one another
a) Herbivorous
b)Carnivorous
c) Bacteria
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d) Either carnivorous or herbivorous
p.
14. MAB stands for
a) Allopatric
b) Sympatric
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c) Sibling
d) None of the above
a) mutualism
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b) Intraspecific competition
c) Interspecific competition
d) Predation on one another
a) mutualism
b) parasitism
c) amensalism
d) commensalism
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bacterium Staphylococcus. This sort of relationship is called
p.
a) commensalism
b) predation
c) amensalism
d) mutualism
re
20. Symbiosis is shown by
tP
a) E.coli
ar
b) Cuscuta
c) Rafflesia
d) Monotropa
Sm
a) commensalism
b) competition
c) predation
d) amensalism
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a) competition
b) commensalism
c) mutualism
d) protocoperation
a) commensalism
b) mutualism
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c) parasitism
d) interspecific competition
p.
24. The effect of interspecific competition on niches is to make
them re
a) larger
b) smaller
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c) more triangular
d) change location
ar
a) crustose lichen
b) mosses
c) foliose lichen
d) shrubs
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27. The final stable community in an ecological succession is called
the
a) final community
b) ultimate community
c) climax community
d) seral community
a) sere
in
b) climax
c) invasion
d) ecesis
p.
29. The order of basic processes involved in succession is
re
a) Nudation->Invasion-> competition and co action->reaction-
>stabilization
b) Nudation->stabilization-> competition and co action->Invasion-
tP
>reaction
c) Invasion-> Nudation->competition and co action->Reaction-
>stabilization
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a) Autogenic succession
b) allogenic successsion
c) primary succession
d) secondary succession
a) hydrosere
b) psammosere
c) xerosere
d) oxylosere
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32. The development of a bare area without any life form is called
a) nudation
b) ecesis
c) sere
d) reaction
a) xerarch succession
b) mesarch succession
in
c) hydrarch succession
d) all of these
p.
34. The intermediate developmental stages in the ecological
succession is called re
a) sere
b) ecesis
c) climax
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d) nudation
except
a) It is a random process
Sm
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37. The order of succession in a hydrosere is
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38. The pyramid of numbers is inverted in the case of
p.
b) Grassland ecosystem
c) Forest ecosystem re
d) lake ecosystem
a) E.P. Odum
b) A.G. Tansley
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c) Juday
d) Charles Elton
Sm
a) upright
b) inverted
c) spindle shaped
d) irregular
a) Pyramid of energy
b) Pyramid of number
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c) Pyramid of biomass
d) none of these
a) upright
b) inverted
c) spindle shaped
d) none of these
in
species belonging to each trophic level in a an ecosystem is known
as
p.
a) ecological pyramid
b) pyramid of biomass re
c) pyramid of number
d) pyramid of energy
tP
44. The pyramid of biomass is inverted in
a) forest ecosystem
ar
b) grassland ecosystem
c) fresh water ecosystem
Sm
d) tundra
a) upright
b) inverted
c) spindle shaped
d) none of these
a) upright
b) inverted
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c) spindle shaped
d) none of these
in
48. Organisms having the potential for interbreeding and producing
fertile offspring is called
p.
a) Class
b) Order re
c) Genus
d) Species
tP
49. A group of individuals of a plant or animal species, inhabiting a
given area is called
ar
a) Biome
b) Population
Sm
c) Ecosystem
d) Community
a) Seasonal variation
b) General patterns of atmosphere conditions
c) Average weather of an area
d) All of these
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a) Homeostasis
b) Exotherms
c) Homeobox
d) Endotherms
a) 0.1 to 0.28 µm
b) 0.28-0.32 µm
in
c) 0.32-0.4 µm
d) 0.4-0.5 µm
p.
53. Ecological niche of an organism represents
a) velamen
Sm
b) pneumatophores
c) hydathodes
d) prop roots
a) Selection
b) Introduction
c) Acclimatization
d) Quarantine
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56.Upper layer of water in a single body of water is known as
a) Hypolimnion
b) Epilimnion
c) thermocline
d) Hydroline
a) field capacity
b) Hypolimnion
in
c) thermocline
d) wilting point
p.
58. MAB program stands for
d) threatened species
a) Morges, Switzerland
b) Paris, France
c) Vienna, Austria
d)NewYork, USA
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c) World Conservation Consortium
d) World Wide Conservation Union
a) mangrooves
b) temperate rainforest
c) taiga
d)coral reefs
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b) temperate rain forest
c) temperate deciduous forest
d) coral reefs
p.
64. Biodiversity re
a) increases towards the equator
b) decreases towards the equator
c) remains same throughout the planet
tP
d) has no effect on change in latitude
a) habitat pollution
b) introduction of exotic species
Sm
c) over-exploitation
d) habitat destruction
66. Dodo is
a) endangered
b) critically endangered
c) rare
d) extinct
a) endangered
b) critically endangered
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c) rare
d) extinct
a) insitu conservation
b) exsitu conservation
c) invivo conservation
d)exvivo conservation
a) National parks
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b) Sanctuaries
c) Zoo
d) biosphere reserves
p.
70. Ex situ conservation includes re
a) Zoo
b) Botanic garden
c) Germplasm bank
tP
d) all of the above
a) rarity
b) endemism
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a) rare species
b) species localised in a specific region
c) cosmopolitan in distribution
d) critically endangered species
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a) Red Panda
b) Giant Panda
c) Tiger
d) Kangaroo
a) Pollution of wildlife, is
b) Hunting for valuable wildlife products
c) Introduction of alien species
d) Alternation and destruction of the natural habitats
in
75. If we uncover half of the forest, covering of the earth, what
crisis will be produced at most and at first?
p.
a) Some species will be extincted
b) Population and ecological imbalance will rise up
c) Energy crisis will occur
re
d) Rest half forests will maintain this imbalance
a) Predation
b) Cutting down of forest
c) Destruction of habitat
d) Hunting
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79. What is the major cause of diminishing wildlife number?
a) Felling of trees
b) Cannibalism
c) Habitat destruction
d) Paucity of drinking water
a) Gene bank
b) Gene library
c) Gene pool
in
d) Herbarium
p.
endangered species?
a) Mammals
b) Fishes
re
c) Birds
d) Reptiles
tP
c) Destruction of Habitats
d) All of these
a) ecological disturbance
b) catastrophe
c) ecological degradation
d) pollution
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84. Which of the following is the best indicator of SO2 pollution
a) bryophyte
b) pteridophyte
c) Lichen
d) algae
a) leaf blights
b) opening of stomata
in
c) closure of stomata
d) browning of leaves
p.
86. Which of the following is the major cause of pollution
re
a) plants
b) man
tP
c) fungi
d) hydrocarbon gases
ar
a) mercury
b) lead
c) tin
d) methyl iso cyanate
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89. A river with high BOD value is
a) highly polluted
b) highly clean
c) highly productive
d) none of these
in
c) world wildlife day
d) world population day
p.
91. Cement factory labourers are prone to
a) leukemia
re
b) bone marrow disease
c) asbestosis
tP
d) cytosilicosis
a) hertz
b) decibel
Sm
c) joule
d) sound
a) pollutants
b) ecodestructions
c) pollution
d) all of these
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a) cardiac disease
b) Haemophilia
c) leukemia
d)bone marrow diseases
a) radium-226
b) thorium-232
c) Strontium-90
d) iodine
in
96. Lead poisoning
p.
b) increases O2 carrying capacity of haemoglobin in blood
c) reduces O2 carrying capacity of myoglobin in muscles
d) increases O2 carrying capacity of myoglobin in muscles
re
97. Acid rain contains
tP
a) sulphuric acid
b) nitric acid
c) both a and b
ar
termed as
a) bioremediation
b) biomagnification
c) biological enhancement
d) biopollution
a) Stockholm in 1972
b) Rio de Jeneiro in 1992
c) Paris in 1992
d) New York in 1972
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100. All are physical pollutants except
a) heat
b) sound
c) radiations
d) soot
a) Ammonia
b) Peroxy Acyl Nitrate (PAN)
c) sulphur dioxide
d) hydrogen sulphide
in
102. Pollutants that are introduced into the environment by human
activity are called as
p.
a) qualitative pollutants
b) quantitative pollutants
c) anthropogenic pollutants
re
d) all of these
tP
103. Air pollution is severe in
ar
a) Cities
b) Industrialised areas
c) Densely populated areas
Sm
d) all of these
a) dust
b) ozone
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c) soot
d) smoke
a) particulate pollutant
b) gaseous pollutant
c) aerosol
d) none of these
a) CO2
in
b) CO
c) O3
d) SO2
p.
108. Air pollution can be of re
a) natural origin
b) artificial or man made origin
c) both a and b
tP
d) b only
a) CO2 layer
b) SO2 layer
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c) O3 layer
d) O2 layer
a) it reacts with O2
b) it inhibits glycolysis
c) makes nervous system inactive
d) reacts with haemoglobin
in
113. A population is a group of
a) individuals in a species
p.
b) species in a community
c) communities in an ecosystem
d) individuals in a family
re
114.What is the most important factor for the success of animal
population?
tP
a) natality
b) adaptability
ar
c) unlimited food
d) inter species activity
a) dN/dt = rN
b) dt/dN = rN
c) dN/rN = dt
d) rN/dN = dt
a) S shaped curve
b) parabola curve
c) J shaped curve
d) zig zag curve
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117. Exponential growth occurs when there is
a) gene flow
b) genetic drift
c) natural selection
d) mutation
in
119. In a population, unrestricted reproductive capacity is called as
p.
a) carrying capacity
b) biotic potential
c) birth rate
d) fertility rate
re
tP
120. The concept that 'population tends to increase geometrically
while food supply increases arithmetically’ was put forward by
ar
a) Adam Smith
b) Charles Darwin
c) Thomas Malthus
Sm
d) Stuart Mill
a) fecundity
b) mortality
c) environmental resistances
d) biotic control
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b) natality
c) mortality
d) limiting resources
a) NO
b) CO
c) SO2
d) Soot
in
gases includes
p.
a) Carbon dioxide
b) CH4
c) N2O
d) All of these
re
tP
125. Algal bloom results in
a) Global warming
ar
b) Salination
c) Eutrophication
d) Biomagnification
Sm
a) water is pure
b) absence of microbial action
c) Low level of microbial pollution
d) High level of microbial pollution
a) Rate of diffusion
b) energy releasing capacity
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c) rate of deposition of the contaminant
d) all of these
a) 10 Hz to 80 Hz
b) 50 Hz to 80 Hz
c) 50Hz to 15000 Hz
d) 15000 Hz and above
in
supporting system is
a) Noise pollution
p.
b) Radiation pollution
c) Organochlorine pollution re
d) All of these
130. Soap and detergents are the source of organic pollutants like:
tP
a) glycerol
b) polyphosphates
ar
c) sulphonated hydrocarbons
d) all of these
Sm
a) troposphere
b) mesophere
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c) ionosphere
d) stratosphere
a) mining
b) explosion of nuclear weapons
c) nuclear fuels and preparation of radioactive isotopes
d) all of these
134. The cutting down of trees and setting them on fire and raising
crops on the resulting ash is called:
in
a) Pyrolysis
p.
b) Jhum
c) Taungya system
d) Shift cultivation
re
135. Percentage of forest area recommended by the the national
tP
forest policy for plains is
a) 33%
ar
b) 67%
c) 30%
d) 10%
Sm
a) SO2
b) NO2
c) CO
d)hydrocarbons
a) 14 C
b) 125 I
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c) 32 P
d) all of these
a) fluorosis
b) chlorosis
c) minemata
d) methaemoglobinema
in
a) Mansbal area in Kashmir
b) Silent valley in Kerala
p.
c) Sundarban area in Bengal
d) Tehri Garhwal area of Uttar Pradesh
re
140. High biological oxygen demand indicates:
tP
a) ionosphere
b) thermosphere
c) mesophere
d) stratosphere
a) antimony
b) cadmium
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c) arsenic
d) all of the above
a) Producers
b) Tertiary Consumers
c) Secondary consumers
d) Herbivores
e) Primary consumers
in
smog?
p.
b) HC, NO and PAN
c) O2, PAN, and NO2
d) O2, PAN and NO2 (e) O3, PAN and NO2
re
145. Which of the following statements regarding species
interdependence are true?
tP
A) An association of two species where one is benefitted and other
remains unaffected called mutualism
ar
a) A and B only
b) C and D only
c) A and C only
d) B and C only
e) B and D only
146. The species of plants that play a vital role in controlling the
relative abundance of other species in a community are called
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a) Edge species
b) Link species
c) Pioneer species
d) Successional species
e) Keystone species
a) Population exploitation
b) Pollution
c) Migration
d) Ecological succession
in
e) Biodiversity loss
p.
a) dt/dN=rN
b) dt/rN=dN
c) dt/rN=dt
re
d) dN/dt=rN
e)dN/rN=dt
tP
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151. Many freshwater animals cannot live for long in sea water
and vice versa mainly because of the
a) Change in N levels
b) Change in the levels of thermal tolerance
c) Variations in light intensity
d) Osmotic problems
e) Spectral quality of solar radiation
in
a) In most ecosystems, the pyramid of numbers and biomass are up
right
b) In tree dominated ecosystem the pyramid of numbers is inverted
p.
c) The pyramid of energy expresses mainly the rate of food production
d) In deep water ecosystem, the pyramid of biomass is upright
e) The total energy flow at successive tropical level always decreases
re
Answers
tP
1. c 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. b
6. a 7. a 8. b 9. b 10. d
ar
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96. a 97. c 98. b 99. b 100. d
101. B 102. a 103. d 104. a 105. b
106. c 107. c 108. c 109. c 110. c
111. c 112. d 113. a 114. b 115. a
116. c 117. b 118. b 119. c 120. c
121. b 122. d 123. b 124. d 125. c
126. d 127. d 128. c 129. a 130. d
131. c 132. a 133. d 134. b 135. a
136. d 137. d 138. a 139. d 140. c
141. d 142. d 143. a 144. e 145. b
146. e 147. e 148. d 149. b 150. b
151. d 152. a
in
p.
re
tP
ar
Sm
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