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ASPECTS
OF
IND AS
CA C M Simon
Ind AS
As per RBI Notification dated February 11, 2016, banks shall comply with the Indian
Accounting Standards (Ind AS) for financial statements for accounting periods
beginning from April 1, 2018 onwards, with comparatives for the periods ending
March 31, 2018.
Major Changes
* Statement of Profit and loss has a separate part “Other comprehensive income”
that comprises items of income and expense (including reclassification adjustments)
that are not recognised in profit or loss, as required or permitted by other Ind ASs.
1) the substance of a financial instrument, rather than its legal form, governs its
classification in the issuer’s balance sheet.
Implication ->
(a) Share Application money pending allotment: The portion of application
money to be refunded will be treated as liability and the remaining
portion as share capital.
(b) Redeemable Preference Shares: Treated as liability
(c) Compulsorily convertible debentures: Treated as a part of Share Capital.
(A) Classification
1) There are three measurement categories for financial assets – amortised
cost, FVTPL and FVTOCI.
2) There are two measurement categories for financial liabilities – amortised cost
and FVTPL.
3) When contractual cash lows of financial assets are renegotiated/modified, and
such renegotiation/modification does not result in de-recognition, the gross
carrying amount of the financial asset is recalculated as the present value of
the renegotiated or modified contractual cash lows discounted at the financial
asset’s original effective interest rate and a modification gain or loss is
recognised in profit or loss. Any costs or fees incurred are adjusted to the
carrying amount of the modified financial asset and are amortised over the
remaining term of the modified financial asset.
4) A debt instrument that is held within a business model to collect contractual
cash lows and the contractual terms of which give rise on specified dates, to
cash lows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal
amount outstanding must be measured at amortised cost. However if the debt
instrument is held within a business model whose objective is achieved
both by collecting contractual cash lows and selling financial assets, it must
be measured at FVTOCI.
5) However, there is an option to irrevocably designate, at initial recognition,
financial assets as measured at FVTPL if doing so eliminates an accounting
mismatch.
6) Equity instruments should be generally classified as FVTPL.
1) impairment losses recognised for all amortised cost and FVOCI assets, not
only for those where credit loss has been incurred.
2) The model also applies to even financial guarantees and loan commitments.
3) It covers not only incurred losses as per present practice, but also loss
expected in future. Thus it is a forward looking exercise.
4) Initially, 12 month expected credit losses will be assessed. However,
whenever there is significant increase in credit risk, lifetime expected credit
losses has to be provided. The same may change again to 12 month loss,
with significant reduction in credit risk.
5) No methodology has been suggested for estimation of fair value or expected
credit loss and is thus subjective. The methodology adopted may vary
amongst different institutions or concerns.