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Hydraulic Accessories PDF
Hydraulic Accessories PDF
Kelengkapan Penunjang
• Selain diskusi Pompa, Motor/Aktuator dan
Control Valve, perlu kelengkapan/asesoris
sistem hidrolik
• These accessories provide a clean and
uninterrupted supply of fluid to a hydraulic
system.
• how these accessories contribute not only to
an efficient but also effective hydraulic
system.
Sistem reservoir/Tangki hidrolik
• The reservoir in addition to storing the
hydraulic fluid
• other important functions such as dissipating
heat through its walls
• conditioning of the fluid by helping settle the
contaminants, aiding in the escape of air and
providing mounting support for the pump and
various other components
desain/konstruksi HT
• Baffle plate for preventing the return fluid
from entering the pump inlet
• Inspection cover for maintenance access
• Filter breather for air exchange
• Protected filler opening
• Level indicator for monitoring the fluid level
• Connections for suction, discharge and drain
lines.
KOMPONEN HT (NON PRESSURIZED)
KOMPONEN HYD TANK
FUNGSI BAFFLE/PEMISAH
• It permits foreign substances to settle at the bottom
• It allows entrained air to escape from the fluid
• It prevents localized turbulence in the reservoir
• It promotes heat dissipation from the reservoir walls
OIL
SIZING HEAT EXCHANGER
• The selection of a suitable heat exchanger
involves determining the total heat equivalent
to wasted energy or the heat load
• This can be assessed by analyzing the duty
cycle of the hydraulic machine
• The total time period of a cycle must be
broken up into its phases consisting of idling,
approach, work, return, etc. and the wasted
energy calculated for each
FORMULA
Where ρ is the density of hydraulic oil in kg/m3 and q is the oil flow rate in m3/s
If the difference between T1 and T0 is large, then it justifies the need for
a heat exchanger. If the difference is only marginal, the heat exchanger
may be dispensed with
Kebutuhan air untuk Cooler
Where
Pw is the wasted energy in kW,
Q is the water flow rate through the heat
exchanger in L/min,
Tois the temperature of the oil
Tw is the water temperature
Standard heat exchangers would have the oil-to-water ratio of either 1:1 or
2:1.This means that for every liter of oil circulated, one or half a liter of
water must be circulated to achieve the desired oil temperature.
TUBING, PIPE AND HOSE
• The three types of lines used in fluid power
systems are tubing (semi rigid), pipe (rigid),
and hose (flexible).
• The choice between pipe and tubing depends on
system pressure and flow
• Galvanized pipe should NOT be used because the
zinc coating could flake or scale, causing damage
to the valves and pumps.
• Tubing used in fluid power systems is commonly
made from steel, copper, aluminum, and, in some
instances, plastic
TUBE SIZE IN HYD CIRCUIT
TUBING & INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION OF TUBING
FLEXIBLE HOSE
• Flexible hose is used in fluid power systems
where there is a need for flexibility, such as
connection to units that move while in
operation or to units attached to a hinged
portion of the equipment
• Flexible hose is usually used to connect the
pump to the system. The vibration that is set
up by the operating pump would ultimately
cause rigid tubing to fail
• Flexible hose is provided in four pressure ranges. Low-
pressure hose is used in a low pressure
system and for the exhaust lines of high-pressure systems.
• Medium-pressure hose is used in systems with pressures
up to 1,200 psi;
• High-pressure hose is used with pressures up to 3,000 psi;
and
• Extra high-pressure hose is used in systems with pressures
up to 5,000 psi
• Flexible hose must NOT be twisted on installation since this
reduces the life of the hose considerably and may cause
fittings to loosen as well
PEMILIHAN hose
• Considering by STAMPED
• Size
• Temperatur (90 – 145 C)
• Application Area with minimum Bend
• Material based Pressure and oil Media
• Pressure in operation based SAE standard
• End of coupling application
• Delivery, availability time to get hose
SAE FOR FLEX HOSES
HOSE INSTALLATION
SEALING DEVICES
• No hydraulic circuit can operate without the proper
seals to hold the fluid under pressure
in the system. Seals also keep dirt and other foreign
materials out of the system
• Static seals are used to seal fixed parts. Static seals are
usually gaskets, but also may be O rings or packings.
• Dynamic seals are used to seal moving parts. Dynamic
seals include shaft and rod seals and compression
packings.
• A slight leakage in these seals is acceptable for seal
lubrication
• The material used for a particular application
depends on several factors: fluid
compatibility; resistance to heat, pressure,
and wear; hardness; and type of motion
• These materials include
polytetraflouroethylene (PTFE), commonly
called TEFLON®, synthetic rubber, leather,
metal, and asbestos.
SEAL APPLICATION
JENIS SEAL PACKING ROD SILINDER
O RING
• O-ring has always been the most satisfactory choice of
seals in static applications when the fluids,
temperatures, pressure, and geometry permit
• U-cups are used primarily for pressures below 1,500
psi, but, they can be used for higher pressures with the
use of backup rings. When more than one U-cup is
installed, they are installed back to back or heel to
heel. This back to- back installation is necessary to
prevent a pressure trap (hydraulic lock) between two
packings
HYDRAULIC FLUID
• The working fluid is the single most important
component of any hydraulic system
• It serves as a lubricant, heat transfer medium,
sealant agent
• As means of energy transfer
4 COMMON BASED TYPE
• Petroleum-based fluids which are the most
common of all fluid types and widely used in
applications where fire resistance is not required .
• Water glycol fluids used in applications which
require fire resistance fluids. (HFC)
• Synthetic fluids used in applications where fire
resistance and non conductivity is required (HFD).
• Environment-friendly fluids that end up causing
minimal effect on the environment in the event
of a spill (HFA, HFB)
Fluid Properties
• 1. Ideal viscosity
• 2. Good lubricity
• 3. Low volatility
• 4. Non-toxicity
• 5. Low density
• 6. Environmental and chemical stability
• 7. High degree of incompressibility
• 8. Fire resistance
• 9. Good heat-transfer capability
• 10. Foam resistance and most importantly
• 11. Easy availabihty and cost-effectiveness
Densitas type oil hyd
Mineral oil based iso 32
Viscocity vs Temperature
Tekanan : atm, 350 bar, 700 bar
Mineral oil
Procedure Test
• Oil sample 3,5 galoon
• Dengan PRV set uap until 1000 psi
• Deteremini specific of time and temperature
test ( check periodic : color, viscocity and
Neutralazion Number)
• Results removed oil and analysis part involved
in oil
Oil hyd test by vane Pump
POMPA HIDROLIK
Pertemuan 4
Goals of this Lecture
V = 3.14/4. d2 . L. n m3/menit
RECIPROCATING PUMP
TYPE POMPA
Q,=Vd xN
GEAR PUMP CAPACITY
As wear occurs, the vanes simply slide farther out of the rotor slots and continue to follow a
ring's contour keeping efficiency high throughout the life of the pump.
Vane Pumps
MOVEABLE ECCENTRICITY
VARIABLE FLOW
VARIABLE MOVEMENT
INLET
Piston pumps
RADIAL AKSIAL
• Pistons arranged radially in a cylinder • Pistons parallel to axis of the cylinder
block
block (AXIAL)
• High efficient
• High efficient
• medium-high pressure range
• Rotating cylinder block (centrifugal • medium-high pressure range
force) • Compacted size
Axial piston Pump
The pistons stroke in the same direction on a cylinder Axial Piston Pump
block's centerline (axially).
Can be an in-line or angle design.
Range from low to very high pressure capacity. Pressures
can be high as 5,000 psi.
Drive speeds are medium to high.
Efficiency is high.
Have excellent durability.
Pulsations in delivery are small and of medium
frequency.
Quiet in operation but may have a growl or whine,
depending on condition.
Except for in-line pumps, which are compact in size,
piston pumps are heavy and bulky.
Operation
Piston
Piston
Charge Oil
Pressure
Rotating Group
38
Typically 9 Pistons
Axial Piston Pump
• Reverse Position
Angled Swashplate
Pressure
Charge
Rotating Group
39
Typically 9 Pistons
- The cylinder is driven by an shaft which is arranged at an angle to the
cylinder axis.
- The greater the angle of the cylinders to the shaft axes the longer the
pistons stroke and the less the rotation speed per unit fluid flow rate.
BENT AXIS PUMP
Radial piston pump
This kind of pump consists of piston mounted radically in a
housing and spring loaded which permit the piston to goes out to
Another type the pistons remains in contact with the reaction ring
due to the centrifugal force, as the piston rotate the piston comes
M
1,000 psi
P R
T H
Unload valve
• Mengurangi biaya invest untuk high pressure
dan high flow pump diganti dengan High
Pressure, low Flow dan Low Pressure pump,
high flow – double punp application
• Punching press silinder harus expand dengan
cepat pada low pressure dengan high volume
pump
• Sementara pada operasi normal butuh high
pressure untuk menekan beban
COUNTER BALANCE VALVE APPL
• Pemakaian couter balance atau back pressure
valve untuk mempertahankan posisi silinder
vertikal keposisi upward pada saat pompa
berjalan idling ( no load)
HYD CIL SEQUENCING CIRCUIT
• Sequence valve membuat sirkuit hidrolik bekerja
secara berurutan (sequencing)
• Saat DCV pada posisi kotak kiri maka silinder
hidrolik kiri akan extend sempurna kemudian
diikuti oleh silinder sebelah kanan
• Saat DCV digeser ke kotak kanan, maka silinder
sebelah kanan akan retract sempurna kemudian
diikuti oleh silinder sebelah kiri
• Pada DCV posisi di kotak tengah maka spring
centered akan mengunci sistem silinde rhidrolik
pada posisinya
SPEED CONTROL OF MOTOR HYD
• Pada posisi spring center atau tandem posisi motor
terkunci secara hidrolik
• Saat DCV diaktifkan pada posisi kotak kiri, motor akan
berputar satu arah
• Kecepatan motor dapat diatur dengan men throttle
flow control valve, kecepatan motor akan bervariasi
saat ada oil yang mengalir melalui PRV
• Bila DCV di non aktipkan maka motor berhenti tiba tiba
dan terkunci
• Dan sebaliknya bila DCV di poisisi kotak kanan motor
akan berputar berkebalikan pada posisi pertama
BRAKING SYSTEM HYD MOTOR
• Motor hidrolik menngerakkan beban berat
dengan momen inersia tinggi
• Dapat menyebabkan flywhell effect dalam
motor, bila menghentikan flow secara tiba tiba
akan mengakibatkan motor berperan sebagai
pompa
• Maka harus diatur discharge fluid dari motor
harus dikembalikan ke tank tanpa hambatan
dan atau lewat PRV
HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
CLOSED CIRCUIT
• Transmisi hidrostatik biasane reversible (bolak
balik) closed circuit dengan pompa variable
displacement
• Internal leakage losses digantikan oleh pompa
replenihment untuk mempertahankan
tekanan positip pada sisi tekanan rendah
sistem
• Pemasangan 2 cke valve dan 2 PRV untuk
mengatur dua arah aliran dan putaran
APLIKASI EXCAVATOR
APLIKASI HYD DI EXCAVATOR
Hydraulic system for bulldozer
Assembly & Operation
Gear Pump:
Bulldozer Transmission & Steering Pumps are high
pressure gear pumps. Their construction is simple and
very efficient.
Transmission Valve:
SD22, SD32 have the same transmission valve unit. It is
consists of Relief Valve, Return Valve, Pressure Reduction
Valve, Speed Control Valve, Safety Valve and Direction
Valve.