1 PIPELINE INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (PIMS) Ray GoopretLow AND KaTHERINE Jonsson IRISNDT — igineering, Calgary, Alberta, Canada 1.1 INTRODUCTION Effective management of pipeline system integrity is essen- tial for safe and reliable pipeline operation. Pipeline integrity ‘management systems (PIMS) provide the overarching, inte grated framework for effective pipeline asset management. ‘Significant failures in both gas and liquid pipelines have made global headlines. Although pipelines are statistically very safe and reliable, pipeline failures have resulted in fatalities, environmental damage, and an erosion of public ‘confidence in the pipeline industry. Some examples of ‘catastrophic pipeline failures that resulted in fatalities include the sweet gas line rupture in Carlsbad, New Mexico, in 2000, the gasoline pipeline failure in Bellingham, Washinglon, in 1999, and the gas line rupture in San Bruno, California, in 2010. Failures in oil pipelines such as the Kalamazoo River oil spill in 2010, the Red Deer River spill in 2012, and the Mayflower, Arkansas, spill in 2013 also generated significant public concem regarding environmental impacts. Failure investigations have identified that the significant contributing factors to the cause and the size of pipeline releases are directly related to flaws in the company's: management systems, As such, an effective PIMS is critical to prevent failures. Additional information on pipeline failures and ‘causes is publicly available on websites such as Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Administration (PHMSA), the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), and Alberta Energy Regulator (AER). Pipeline integrity management requirements and expect- ations have been continuously evolving and will continue to (i anal Gas Pipeline: Integrity ad Sf 1 2015 ohn Wiley & Sons, Ine. Publish 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, le ‘change in the future. There is no single correct “formula” for developing an integrity management system; however, this chapter outlines the fundamental basics of an effective management system that have been successfully integrated in companies across the world. Industry groups such as Intemational Association of Oil and Gas. Producers [1] and the American Petroleum Institute (APD [2] have devel- ‘oped guidance documents that ean be used as additional references for developing management systems. This chapter covers downstream, midstream, and upstream oil and gas pipelines. Pipelines have different operating practices and different consequences of failure; however, the fundamental principles of an effective integrity management system apply to all pipeline operations Although this chapter focuses on PIMS, itis important to note that the pipeline industry is shifting toward safery ‘management systems (SMS), which are more comprehensive than taditional PIMS. For example, SMS emphasize safety cclture and process safety management more than conven tional PIMS. Significant changes are expected within CSA 2662 Section 3.0 Safety Loss Management to reflect the transition to SMS principles. API Recommended Practice 1173—Pipeline Safety Management System Require ments [2] (Draft Version 11.2 issued in June 2014) is an example of an industy SMS document. The reader is encouraged to review and understand the latest industry and regulatory documents pertaining to both SMS and PIMS. SMS are outside the scope of this chapter; however, PIMS and SMS are closely linked and the principles govern- ing PIMS development can be extended to SMS. Handbook, Fis ation, Eaited by R. Wiston Revie