1. In the propagation of electromagnetic waves, what are the "transmission lines"?

The transmission lines confine the electromagnetic energy to a region of the space limited by the
physical medium that constitutes the line itself, unlike the waves that propagate in the air, with no
other barrier than the obstacles they encounter on their way.

2. In a transmission system, what are the appropriate values for the reflection coefficient
and the VSWR?

The voltage reflection coefficient at any point X on the transmission line is defended the ratio of
reflected voltage to incident voltage at X, and is expressed as

VSWR : (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio)

Is defined as the ratio of the maximum-to-minimum value of the standing wave. This value can be
get using

3. What happens to the coefficient of transmission and reflection when: the line ends in
short circuit and when the line ends in open circuit?

When the load is a short circuit or open circuit, all the incident power is reflected back to the source.
If the source were replaced with an open circuit or short circuit and the line had no losses, the energy
that is present in the line would be reflected from one side to another (oscillate), between the ends
of the load and the source, in a similar way to the power in a tank circuit. This is called resonant line.
In a resonant line, the energy is transferred alternately between the magnetic and electric fields of
the inductance and capacitance distributed.
 4. What characteristics should be found in a transmission line system to be considered
well coupled?

Transmission lines may be coupled to study the effects of mutual inductive and capacitive
coupling, such as crosstalk. It is possible to use both a distributed and a lumped model for these
macromodels.

4. A TRANSMISSION LINE OF LENGTH 𝑙 = 0.25𝜆 HAS AN INPUT

IMPEDANCE 𝑍𝑖 = 45 + 𝑗60Ω. USING THE SMITH CHART, FIND THE LOAD
IMPEDANCE IF 𝑍0 = 50Ω.
TO CALCULATE THE LOAD IMPEDANCE, WE USE THE FORMULA:

𝑍0 2
𝑍𝐿 =
𝑍𝐼
We replace:
502
𝑍𝐿 = = 20 − 𝑗26.66
45 + 𝑗60

we make the respective verification