The Bronze Age in the Indian subcontinent began around 3300 BCE.

Along with Ancient

Egypt and Mesopotamia, the Indus valley region was one of three early cradles of civilisation of
the Old World.[49] Of the three, the Indus Valley Civilisation was the most expansive,[49] and at its
peak, may have had a population of over five million.[50]
The civilisation was primarily located in modern-
day India (Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Jammu and
Kashmir states)[51] and Pakistan (Sindh, Punjab, and Balochistan provinces),[51] while some sites
in Afghanistan are believed to be trading colonies.[52] A total of 1,022 cities and settlements had
been found by 2008,[51] mainly in the general region of the Indus and Ghaggar-Hakra Rivers, and
their tributaries; of which 616 sites are in India and 406 sites are in Pakistan;[51] of these 96 have
been excavated.[51

The Mature Indus civilisation flourished from about 2600 to 1900 BCE, marking the beginning of
urban civilisation on the Indian subcontinent. The civilisation included urban centres such
as Dholavira, Kalibangan, Ropar, Rakhigarhi, and Lothal in modern-day India, as well
as Harappa, Ganeriwala, and Mohenjo-daro in modern-day Pakistan.
Inhabitants of the ancient Indus river valley, the Harappans, developed new techniques in
metallurgy and handicraft (carneol products, seal carving), and produced copper, bronze, lead,
and tin. The civilisation is noted for its cities built of brick, roadside drainage system, and multi-
storeyed houses and is thought to have had some kind of municipal organisation.[5