il
| —
Bunits
4 True (children who as preschoolers were able to coordinate
play witha friend, monage conflicts, ond keep an
interaction positive in tone were most likely as teenagers to
avoid the negative sibling interaction that can sometimes
1.2
‘Speaker | Topic | Words that helped you | Person/People
(a-4) they would
talk to
a 1 | academically, strugating | tutor
with an assignment
c 3 | getocor (tig) brother
D 2 | violin, piono, cello, | grandad
popular bonds, singers,
clossical music
13
2A 3D 4B
14
1 in common
2 bond / connection (bond is usually used to describe a
very close relationship between people)
3 establish / develop ... with
4 break down
5 between
6 conflict
22
1 nurture 2 accommodating 3 sibling 4 relate
5 adolescence 6 rewarding 7 interaction
23
1 True (Children who experience o rewarding friendship
before the birth of sibling are likely to have o better
relationship with that brother or sister that endures
throughout their chilchood
2 False (When early friendships are successful, young
children get the chance to master sophisticated social ond,
‘emotional skills, even more than they do with o parent.)
3 False (When parents relate to 0 child, they do a lot of
the work, figuring out what the child needs ond then.
‘accommodating those needs... However, this is not usually.
the case when two children are interacting )
4132
lounch children on a path of anti-social behavior)
5 True (From birth, parents can nurture and help develop
these social competencies (or skills) by making eye contact
with their babies, offering toys and playing with them)
24
1 family 2 adopt 3 relationship (correlation is also
possible, but not relation) 4 relative
S related 6 nurture 7 conflict 8 rel
3.4. and 3.2
‘immediate family, extended family, family gatherings,
sibling rivalry, stable upbringing, active role, family
resemblance, physical resemblance, striking resemblance*,
maternal instinct
* does not appear in the recording
33
1 close-knit 2 ties
5 stubborn
3 alike
6 inherited
4 temperament
Test practice
Listening Section 4
1 Alex/Alexandra
2 3ftnee
3 8 November / November 8 / 8.11/ 11.8
4 Sffive
5 108 Park Road
6 grandmother
T sleeping / falling asleep
8 dress / get dressed
9 Monday (and) Tuesday
10 4:00 / Apm / four o'clockBunit2 —
12
1 behaviour 2 gestures 3 Toddler
5 climb make-believe / imagination
8B immature 9 rapid 10 teeth / eyes
12 skills
4 independent
7 outside world
11 eyes /teeth
13
1 acquired 2 imitating 3 unassisted / without support
4 spontaneously 5 mastered 6 stage, period
14
Verb Noun Adjective
develop development | developed / developing
/overdeveloped
grow growth fally-grown / overgrown
‘mature /reach maturity — | mature
maturity
24
2 rate 3 peers 4 consequence 5 unparalleled
6 may/ typically 7 abstract 8 concept
2.2
Childhood Parenthood
crawling nurturing
immature overindulgent
irresponsible overprotective
rebellious patient
throw a tantrum tolerant
unsteady
2.3
1 period 2 growth 3 grew 4 gained 5 rate
6 significantly
3
2036 4F SC 6B 7H BA
42
memory, reminisce, look back, remind, memorise, forget,
reminder
43
2 reminders memories 4 memory memorise
3 remember remind 5 remind remember
Answer key
Test practice
General Training Writing Task 1
Model answer
Dear Sir or Madam
Tama student at Sheffield University and I recently saw an
advertisement for your course on improving memory. | am
a mature student as I began working when I finished high
school, then married and fooked after my three children,
Having returned to studying after a break of ten years, | am
finding it quite difficult to remember important facts from
my course. I find that I have to concentrate very hard to
memorise even small amounts of information. I have tried
using acronyms to remind me of important facts, but I stil
find it rather difficult. I have heard about visualisation and
association techniques, but I am not sure how to use these
effectively and I would be very interested in learning other
strategies,
I would be grateful if you could give me more detailed
information about the methods that you use on the course,
as well as the cost and dates of your courses. As lama
full-time mother and a part-time student I do not have
a great deal of free time, so I hope you can offer flexible
hours
T think I could benefit a great deal from your course and
look forward to your reply
Yours faithfully
Hunts
12
1 variety 2 nutrients 3 servings 4 maintain
5 overweight 6 factors 7 overeating 8 ingredients
13
1 vital 2 dietitians 3 moderate 4 portions
5 skipping 6 curb 7 appetite 8 eliminate
9 allergy 10 trigger
24
1 muscle 2 fat 3 blood flow 4 carries blood
5 blocked 6 treatment 7 brain 8 cure
9 clear 10 risk
2.2
1 (any three) walking, jogging, running, swimming, cycling
2 B briskly C gradually D recommendation
E pace f overdoing G recover H alternate
133Answer key
1 True (In prehistoric times, the physical changes in
response to stress were an essentiol adaptation for
2 True (If stress becomes persistent and low-level, however,
all parts of the body's stress apparatus (the brain, heart,
lungs, vessels, and muscles) become chronically over- or
4 False (Some evidence suggests thot repeated release of
stress hormone disrupts normal levels of serotonin, and
serotonin is ‘the nerve chemical that is critical for feelings
of well-being’. So stress reduces the level of serotonin.)
SB (those (women) with moderate stress levels had the
lowest risk (of suicide). A and C are wrong because
there is no comparison made between men and women
in this study. Dis wrong because we are told: 0 2003,
study found a higher risk for suicide in wamen reporting
6 B(Aand C are wrong because we are told: 0 2002
study in Scotland found no greater risk for actual heart
disease or heart events even in men who reported higher
mental stress. B is correct because the text says: men_
with high stress levels did tend to complain of chest pain
‘and to go to the hospital for it more often than those with
lower stress. D is incorrect because we are told the men
3 Test practice
Nou Verb Adjecive ‘Academic Reading
alleray allergic
benefit Denefit beneficial meeting natural threats.)
harm ‘orm hrormful
opp. = harmless
health heolthy
opp. = unhealthy under-octivoted.)
3 Not given
infection infect infectious
onp.= disinfect
sutrition ‘nourish nutritious
obesity obese
prevention prevent preventable
recommendation | recommend recommended
variety voy various / varied
aa both low and very high stress.
8 3
both, birth, breath, death, | bothe, breathe, mouth (7).
growth, health, mouth (a), | teethe, writke
teeth
4.2
1 breath 2 teething: teeth 3 health 4 birth
5 writhing 6 breathe
5
2 variety of 3 vital 4 overweight 5 prevent
6 obesity 7 recommend 8 alternate
6 Model answer
1 think in some ways we are less fit than 0 years ago
because obesity was less of a problem then, But we're
also healthier in that we are more aware of the risks of
smoking. Although exercise has become more popular,
fewer children, participate in sports than SO years
ago because now they spend too much time playing
computer games, which weren't around SO years ago.
2 When I was young my mum cooked all of our meals and
she would spend a lot of time in the kitchen, Now that
| ive by myself I find I'm too busy to cook or shop for
food, so [ tend to eat too much junk food nowadays
3 [hope that they will stop making food with so many
additives in and that fast food will become a lot
healthier. I also think there will be more variety in fast
food
134
did tend to complain of chest pain)
7 C (Different stress factors may affect genders differently.)
8 B (the ways women cope with stress may be more heart
protective)
9. B (marital stress - not work stress-wos associated with
‘more severe heart disease in women)
10 € (However, there is some hope for sufferers in this oreo
as relaxation therapy has been found to reduce stress
levels and consequently improve the quality of sleep) The
text also tells us that a reduction in stress has not been
shown to help for both A and B.
11 A (Some studies have clearly essocioted job
dissatisfaction ond depression to back pain, although it
is still unclear if stress is 0 direct couse)
12. B (Stress con have varying effects on eating problems
and weight. Often stress is related to weight gain ..
In contrast, some people suffer a loss of appetite and
consequently lose weight.)
13 A (Some research suggests that headache sufferers
‘may actually have some biological predisposition for
tronslating stress into muscle contractions.)